TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE:

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Unit 11

The Industrial Revolution

Late 1800s thru the Early 1900s

People with imagination, ingenuity and backing led the way during this time period.

Advancement in the following areas:CommunicationsTransportation

IndustryAgricultureMedicine

Home

CommunicationsElectricity

•The most important contribution to the Industrial Revolution was the ability to harness and transport

electricity!

•Alexander Graham Bell:• Telephone

• 1st telephone call in Atlanta was between two railroad workers!

•Thomas Edison:• Mimeograph

• Copier

•Louis Waterman:

• Fountain Pen•Ottmar Merganthaler:

• Linotype Machine• Mechanical Typesetting device• Newspapers printed faster

Transportation

oFrank Sprague:o Electric street car

(Trolley)o Expanded the boundaries of the

nation’s cities

o The rise of the Suburb:o Communities on the outskirts

of cities

o Inman Park:o Atlanta’s 1st suburb

oKarl Benz-Gottlieb Daimler:o Gasoline powered engineo Automobile/cars

oHenry Ford:o Perfected the practical caro Assembly Line

Industry

•Celluloid: hard plastic-like material

•Nitroglycerin: chemical used in dynamite to blast and build such things as railroad tunnels and mining

•Jan Metzeliger: • Machine that attached the

soles to shoes…from 8 pair to 1000 pair per day.

•Charles Hall-Paul Herault:• Developed an economic way to

take aluminum from ore• Price dropped from $5/pound

to 18 cents per pound

Agriculture

Electricity and gas powered machines!!!

•Tractors: Replaced horses• Never Tired!!!• New ways of Tilling

• Plowing

• Improved seeds

•Luther Burbank: research produced new types of fruit, vegetables, grains…

•Joseph Glidden: barbed wire• “Good fences make good neighbors”

•Daniel Halladay: windmill used to pump well water to supply the needs of a farm

•Samuel Rumph: wooden packing crate for transportation of peaches

• Further distribution of product

•Georgia now ranks 3rd in nation in peach production!!!

MedicineLouis Pasteur: discover vaccines for chicken cholera and rabies

Pasteurization: the process of heating milk, cider, and other products to a high temperature to kill the bacteria before transferring into sterilized bottles

William Roentgen: X-Ray

Dr. Walter Reed: learned that mosquitoes carried yellow fever

Stopped the spread of the disease by killing the mosquitoes during the building of the Panama Canal

Experimental and cutting edge hospital in Wash. DC named after him.

Home

o Thomas Edison: o Phonograph-record/playbacko Incandescent Lamp: used a

carbon filament made of cottono Light Bulb

oGeorge Eastman:o Hand-held camera

oSinger Manufacturing Company:o Perfected and marketed the

household sewing machine

o1831: 1st central electrical power plant in the world…Niagara Falls, New York!!!

Georgia IndustriesImproved Railroad system benefited the textile, forest, and mining industries

of Georgia.Textiles

Woven materials (i.e.. Clothing, sheets, blankets, and carpets) used the cotton supply.

Main manufacturing centers were originally located along the Fall Line (Columbus, Macon, and Augusta)…WATER POWER!

Forest Products

Lumber used for construction of buildings, furniture, boats/ships… Naval Stores: turpentine, rosin, tar, pitch, lumber

Mining

Georgia had rich deposits in Kaolin: white clay used in paper and other products…also had deposits in gold, coal, iron and Bauxite: mineral used in manufacture of aluminum.

Created employment in sawmills, railroads, and factories!!!

Georgian Progress

Atlanta hosts 3 Exhibitions (Shows/Fairs)

I. International Cotton Exposition (1881)

II. Piedmont Exposition (1887)

III. Cotton States and International Exposition (1895)

***Henry Grady’s dream of showing off the New South…Industrial Revolution!

Rich’s Department Store Morris Reichs (Rich) started out as a peddler

Borrowed $500 to buy store in Atlanta

CUSTOMER ORIENTED SERVICE

Exchanged goods for purchases when customers did not have money (i.e..chickens, eggs, vegetables…)

Atlanta’s 1st plate glass store window Window Shopping!!!

“Annual Lighting of the Great Tree”

During the Great Depression Atlanta’s teachers were paid in Scrip (Paper money that is not legal currency)…Rich’s accepted it at face value!

Cotton from farmers for merchandise

Downtown store closed in 1991.

Coca-Cola Company

John Styth Pemberton: Atlanta pharmacist who discovered

original Coke formula “French Wine Coca” Alcohol and coca plant (Cocaine)

Due to temperance…changed name and formula to Coca-Cola. Coca Plant Kola nut: stimulant from Africa

Asa Candler: Bought all Coca-Cola stock in 1888 Gave money to establish Emory Univ. and

hospital. Mayor of Atlanta without pay

Willis Venable: Soda Fountain man who suggested to a

customer to use soda water to mix with water--

Ernest Woodruff: Bought company for $25 million, 1919

Robert Woodruff: Led company into a multibillion dollar

company and International Business

Education in New South

Characteristics

Little support from elected officials

Teachers were poorly paid

Teachers not properly trained

School terms shorter (WHY?)

Discipline stricter

High school students expected to work on farms or in factories.

Funded by property taxes

Few property owners

Reluctant to pay for black children

http://portal.cherokee.k12.ga.us/Schools/sequoyah-hs/departments/career_tech/default.aspx

Georgia Educators

Dr. Gustavus James Orr:

1st State School Commissioner 1872

Goals:Improve funding

Equal treatment of blacks

Vocational Education: skills to fill the need of a growing labor market (INDUSTRY!)

James S. Hook:

Goals:Establish Normal Schools:

Teacher Training

3-Month School Year- educate and work

Teacher requirements:

School commissioners made up test in spelling, reading, writing, grammar, and geography—Must pass with 70!

Good Moral Character!

Gustavus Glenn:

Created teacher licensing systemGood classroom management

Classroom and Government

Discipline: Whipping Strict standards measured by

neatness, respect, being on time, No profanity or disorderly conduct.

Georgia Constitution (1877): Public Education in Elementary ONLY Segregation of schools

“Separate but Equal”—JIM CROW LAWS!!!

Georgia School of Technology Georgia Tech To educate the populous in the ever

changing Industrial World.

The Arts Winslow Homer:

Paintings of sea and ordinary people

Frederick Remington: Paintings of American West

John Singer Sargent: Portraits

John Philip Sousa: Patriotic writer of songs/marches

Katherine Lee Bates: Wrote “America The Beautiful”

Frederic Barthold: French architect who created the

Statue of Liberty

Sidney Lanier

• POET

•Born in Macon (1842)

•Graduated from Oglethorpe University

•Confederate private captured by the Union

•Suffered from tuberculosis while in prison camp

•First Novel: “Tiger Lilies”

•Played the flute for Peabody Symphony in Baltimore, MD

•First Poems published in 1875• “Evening Song”• “The Song of the Chattahoochee”• “The Marshes of the Glynn”• “Sunrise” (Perhaps most famous)

•Died in Lynn, NC (1881)

Joel Chandler Harris

o Newspaper/Short Stories

o Born in Eatonton-1848

o At the age of 13, apprentice for the newspaper called The Countryman

o Associate Editor of The Savannah Morning News

o 1876-Met Henry Grady and helped make the Atlanta Constitution a NEW SOUTH paper.

o Legends/Folktales told to him by former slaveso “Uncle Remus”o “His Songs and His Sayings”o “Uncle Remus and His Friends”o Uncle Remus and Br’er Rabbit”

oAtlanta’s House was clalled “Wren’s Nest”

oDied in 1908

Leisure and Recreation

Differed according to economic status

Poor and Middle Class

Church related activitiesHouse parties with relatives

Bar-BQ, sing-a-longs, games…Cycling, dancing, card playing

Upper Middle Class and Rich

Teas, garden parties, shopping trips, private clubsCarriage ridesSoda ShopsFormal ballsPhonographFootball and baseball

1892-College football began in Piedmont Park UGA vs. Auburn Univ. Georgia Tech also joined

CREDITS Page 2: http://cybersleuth-kids.com/pictures/industrialrevolution/index2.html Page 3: http://www.fi.edu/franklin/inventor/bell.html Page 4: http://www.inmanpark.org/flyer.html Page 5: http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/janmatzeliger.html Page 6: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-962 Page 7: http://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/visitors/visitcenter/history/pages/biography.aspx

Page 8: http://www.nypa.gov/facilities/niagara.htm Page 10: http://www.piedmontpark.org/history/history.html Page 11: http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/atlanta/shutze/rich.html Page 12: http://www.coca-cola.com/index.jsp Page 13: http://www.mcvsd.org/ Page 14: http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/gahistmarkers/normalhistmarker2.htm Page 16: http://www.gatech.edu/about/ Page 17: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Statue_of_Liberty.html Page 18: http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/1271 Page 19: http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwelf/elfjch.html Page 20: http://auburntigers.cstv.com/trads/aub-trads.html