Unit 10

Unit 10: 1960s through the presentChapter 28: The Civil Rights Movement

• Unit Overview: From a presidential assassination to

massive governmental programs, from the Vietnam War to the Civil Rights Movement, the post-World War II decades immensely affected the lives of Americans. The nation struggled to put its social and political ideals into practice while fighting military wars overseas and social wars at home.


• Chapter Overview—The Civil Rights Movement In the ‘50s and ‘60s African Americans made

major strides and began challenging segregation in the South. With the Montgomery bus boycott, MLK, Jr. achieved national and worldwide recognition. His peaceful resistance inspired many, especially students. After King’s assassination, the civil rights movement shifted focus and people began to see economic opportunity as the key to equality.


• The Civil Rights Movement–Origins of the Movement• De facto segregation• De jure segregation


• Attacking Segregation—Collectivism –NAACP–CORE- Congress of Racial Equality– SCLC- Southern Christian Leadership Conference– SNCC- Student Non-violent Coordinating

. Committee


• Attacking Segregation—Politics/Legislation–Plessy v. Ferguson (1892)–Morgan v. Virginia (1946)–Brown v. Board of Education (1952)• Thurgood Marshall• “Doll” Test• Earl Warren


• Attacking Segregation—Activism – Sit-Ins• Greensboro, NC• Nashville, TN• Atlanta, GA


• Attacking Segregation—Activism – Freedom Rides

Why did most of the activity occur in the South?


• The High Tide of the Movement–Crisis at Little Rock, AR (1957)• Central High School• Governor Faubus• President Eisenhower


• The High Tide of the Movement–16th Street Baptist Church Bombing –Birmingham Campaign • “Bull” Connor• Children’s Crusade


• The High Tide of the Movement–March on Washington (1963)

Document Analysis: I Have A Dream Speech

What did the March reveal about the Movement?


• Fighting to Secure the Right to Vote– Freedom Summer-– Selma March-• Governor Wallace• “Bloody Sunday”

Pre-Chapter Activity—Voting Literacy Test (1965)

• 1. In case the president is unable to perform the duties of his office, who assumes them?______________________

• 2. "Involuntary servitude" is permitted in the United States upon conviction of a crime. (True or False)___________

• 3. If a state is a party to a case, the Constitution provides that original jurisdiction shall be in_________________

• 4. Congress passes laws regulating cases which are included in those over which the United States Supreme Court has____________________________ jurisdiction.


• Other Civil Rights Leaders–Ralph Abernathy– Fred Shuttlesworth–Malcolm X

Watch clip of Interview (5:00)


• Landmark Legislation–Civil Rights Act of 1964–Voting Rights Act of 1965

Unit 10: 1960s through the presentChapter 29: War Abroad, War at Home

• Chapter Overview—The Vietnam War The Vietnam War created very bitter

divisions within the United States. Supporters argued that patriotism demanded that communism be halted. Opponents argued that intervening in Vietnam was immoral. Many young people protested or resisted the draft. Victory was not achieved, although more than 58,000 American soldiers died. After the war, the nation had many wounds to heal.


• Vietnam– History– Status Today


• Vietnam War– Dwight D. Eisenhower • (1953-1961)

– John F. Kennedy• (1961-1963)

– Lyndon B. Johnson• (1963-1969)

– Richard Nixon• (1969-1974)

How did America become involved in Vietnam?


• Presidential Election of 1964– Lyndon B. Johnson (D)– Barry Goldwater (R)


• Johnson’s War– 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

– Operation Rolling Thunder

• What was the result of this resolution?


• Role of Media


• Increasing War Hostility– War of Attrition– Search and Destroy Tactics– Agent Orange– Troop Escalation

1965 1966 1967 1968# of Troops 190,000 380,000 480,000 525,000


• Vietnam War Soldier Profile– Age:– Socio Economic Status:


• Major Anti-War Protests – Free Speech Movement– Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) – Woodstock Festival


• Urban Problems/ Urban Riots– “long, hot summers”– Kerner Commission

What caused the riots of the 60s?


• War at Home—The Great Society– Appalachia Bill – Education Acts– Medicare Act – Housing Act – Highway Beautification Act – Department of Housing & Urban

Development• Robert Weaver

– Department of Transportation


• The Unwinnable War– Tet Offensive (1968)

How did this event affect U.S. policy and society?


• 1968:–More Assassinations• Martin Luther King• Robert Kennedy

“More Bad Fate in Sixty-Eight”


• Johnson’s Downturn“I shall not seek, and I will not

accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president.” –Mar. 31, 1968, LBJ

–What was Johnson’s legacy as president of the United States?


• Ethnic Nationalism–César Chávez–Chicano Movement


• Women’s Liberation

–Betty Friedan–The Feminine Mystique (1963)–National Organization for Women (1966)

• “I’m a server of food and putter on of pants and a bed maker”…”somebody who can be called on when you want something. But who am I?” –A Mother of Four from the 60s


• Presidential Election of 1968– Richard Nixon (R)– Hubert Humphrey (D)– George Wallace (I)


• Nixon Administration—International Policy– Vietnamization–Nixon Doctrine


• War in Vietnam– Ho Chi Minh Trail–Mai Lai Massacre• William Calley


• Public Protest– Kent State Shooting (1970)


– Treaties and Negotiation• Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)- 1972• 1973 War Powers Act

– Peace Settlement- 1973

• Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II)- 1977


–Nixon: The Environmental Movement*• Environmental Protection Agency (1970)• Earth Day (1970)• Clean Air Act (1970)• Clean Water Act (1972)

What initiated this movement?“We only have one earth, so we need to take care of her” –Senator Gaylord Nelson (WI)


–Nixon: The Age of Dirty Tricks• Pentagon Papers (1971)

–Watergate• CREEP (1971)• Watergate Scandal (1972)• Nixon vs. Congress (1973)

Unit 10: 1960s through the presentChapter 30: The Conservative Ascendancy

• Ch. Overview—The Resurgence of Conservatism The 1980s saw the rise of a new conservatism.

President Reagan, standing for traditional values and smaller government, symbolized this movement. While tax cuts and new technologies fueled an economic boom, Reagan embarked on a massive military buildup and expanded efforts to contain communism. During President George Bush’s term, the U.S. fought the Persian Gulf War, and the Cold War came to a dramatic end with the fall of the U.S.S.R.

Unit 10: 1960s through the present Chapter 30: The Conservative Ascendancy

– Second in Command• Gerald Ford

How did the public react to Ford’s pardon of Nixon?


– Jimmy Carter’s Presidency: 1977—1981• Camp David Accords (1978)• Carter Doctrine (1980)


– The 70s—Shaky Times• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Why did OPEC embargo oil shipments to America in 1973?


–A Changing Era: 1970s• Inflation• Emerging

Service Sector• Proposition 13


–A Changing Era: The Rise of Conservatism • Neoconservatives– “The New Right”

(opposed to): Big governmentNew Deal liberalismGun controlFeminismGay rightsWelfareAffirmative actionSexual permissivenessAbortionDrug use


– Election of 1980• Ronald Reagan—

leader of the “moral majority”

(1:05 video clip)“Are you better off now than you were 4 years ago?”


– The Reagan Agenda• 1)• 2)• 3)• 4)


–Reagan’s Popularity Boost• Iran Hostage Crisis (1980)


–Reagan’s Supreme Court Appointments• Sandra Day O’Conner (1981)• Antonin Scalia (1986)• William Rehnquist—Chief Justice (1986)• Anthony Kennedy (1988)

How did the Supreme Court of the 80s affect society?


–Reaganomics*• Economic Recovery Tax (1981)• Omnibus Reconciliation Act (1981)

*Contrast Keynesian Economics from “Reaganomics”


– Economic impact of Reagan’s Presidency• 1)• 2)• 3)• 4)• 5)


–1984 Presidential Election• Ronald Reagan (R)• George H.W. Bush (R)• Walter Mondale (D)• Geraldine Ferraro (D)


For which reasons did union activity decline?1)2)3)

What was the liberal/conservative view of labor unions?

–Reagan’s Foreign Policy• The end of Détente• Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)• Reagan Doctrine



–Reagan’s Foreign Policy• Iran-Contra Scandal


–Reagan’s Foreign Policy• The Collapse of the U.S.S.R. (1991)

–Mikhail Gorbachev– Perestroika–Glasnost

Reagan’s “Tear Down This Wall” Speech (first 2:00)

Unit 10: 1960s through the presentChapter 31: Towards a Transnational America

• Ch. Overview—A transnational America The early stages of globalization began to

impact the American economy. The shrinking world—brought closer by technology—became a familiar feature to generations of younger Americans who were coming of age in a world unlike any known by their parents. The faces of communication, engineering, entertainment, and manufacturing were profoundly altered in the 1990s.

Unit 10: 1960s through the present Chapter 31: A Transnational America

–Presidential Election of 1988• George H. W. Bush (R)• Michael Dukakis (D)


–George H.W. Bush—International Relations• Invasion of Panama (1989)• Persian Gulf War (1990)–Operation Desert Storm


–George H.W. Bush—Domestic Agenda• War on Drugs• Nomination of Clarence Thomas• Taxes and the Economy


–Presidential Election of 1992• George H. W. Bush (R)• Bill Clinton (D) “It’s the economy

stupid”


– Legislation of the early 90s• 27th Amendment (1992)• U.S. Term Limits Inc. v. Thorton (1995)


–Clinton Administration: Domestic Agenda• Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)• Brady Bill (1993)• NAFTA (1993)• WTO (1994)• Proposition 187 (1994)• Defense of Marriage Act (1996)

Which domestic proposal during Clinton’s administration ultimately failed?


–Clinton Administration: International Affairs• Conflict in Bosnia (1995)• Secretary of State Cabinet Appointment–Madeleine Albright (1997)

• Conflict in Kosovo (1999)


–Clinton’s Rocky Finish• Impeachment (1998)

Which other American president has been impeached?


– State of the Economy• How did Clinton leave the U.S. budget?


–Disputed Election of 2000• George W. Bush (R) • Al Gore (D)

–Bush v. Gore (2000)

–Which other presidential election was disputed?


–George W. Bush: Early Domestic Policies & Problems• Tax Cuts (2001)• No Child Left Behind Act (2001)• Stock Market Crash (2002)


– Threat of Terrorism• 9/11 Attack• Osama Bin Laden• Al-Qaeda• Taliban


– Presidential Response• “Axis of Evil”–Bush’s 2002 Speech

• Patriot Act • Department of

Homeland Security (2002)

–How did the Patriot Act affect society?


–American Military Response• Invasion of Afghanistan (2001)• Invasion of Iraq (2003)


– Election of 2008• McCain (R)• Obama (D)

– Election of 2012• Romney (R)• Obama (D)


–Obama Administration• Health Care Reform (2010)–Affordable Care Act

• Financial Crisis (2007)• Supreme Court Appointment (2009)–Sonia Sotomayor

Unit 10

Documents

Transcript of Unit 10