UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

1/40

Climate and change

Year 11 revision

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

2/40

Key terms

Key term Definition

Climate Change Long-term changes in temperature and precipitation

Deforestation The chopping down and removal of trees to clear and area offorest

Ecosystems A community of plants and animals that interact with each otherand their physical environment

Enhanced

Greenhouse Effect

The increased greenhouse effect resulting from human action(emission of greenhouse gases) and leading to global warming

Geological Climate

Events

Climate changes that result from maor geological events suchas volcanic eruptions

Global Warming A trend whereby global temperatures rise over time! lin"ed inmodern times with the human production of greenhouse gases

Greenhouse gases Those gases in the atmosphere that absorb outgoing radiation!hence increasing the temperature of the atmosphere

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

3/40

Key terms

Key term Definition

Ice Age A period in the earth#s past when the polar ice caps were muchlarger than today

Little ice Age A period of slight global cooling that lasted from around the mid-1$th Century to the mid-1%th Century

Mega fauna &'ig animals# which mostly weighed over "g e*g* +oolly mammoth

and sabre-tooth cat

Natural causes ,rocesses and forces that are not controlled by humans

rbital Changes Changes in the pathway of the arth around the sun and the tilt onits a.is

!uaternary

"eriod

The most recent geological period of the arth#s history

#olar ut$ut The energy emitted from the sun

#tratos$here Layer of air 1-$"m about the arth#s surface

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

4/40

Key terms

Key term Definition

%ood Chains ,lants and animals are lin"ed together and dependence on eachother for food

E&tinction /pecies of plant or animal dying out completely! so none survive

Desertification 0radual change of the land into desert

Weather short term! day to day changes in the atmosphere*

Climate the average weather conditions over years*

Interglacials warm periods between ice ages

Glacials cold periods or ice ages* 2ce sheets appro.*-m thic"e.tended across the northern hemisphere*

Air mass

A huge body of air with uniform temperature and humidity*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

5/40

3ey facts4 Climate graphs

'ou must be familiar (ithreading climate gra$hs

)))$ractise*

,lymouth! 53

6ead rainfall scalefrom here 6ead temperature

scale from here

mm

oC

7ame months8

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

6/40

Key facts+ The 53 climate

/cotland

ngland+ales

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

7/40

Key facts+ The 53 climate

What controls the ,K climate-

A lot to do with &air masses#*

Air masses are huge bloc"s of air* They can be damp ordry! warm or cold! depending on where they came from

and over what type of surface they have travelled*9or e.ample! an air mass that has travelled over thesea will increase its moisture content and be more li"elyto produce rainy weather*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

8/40

Key facts4 ,ast temperatures have always fluctuated

Climate has changed in the past through natural causes on

timescales ranging from hundreds to millions of years*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

9/40

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

10/40

Key facts4 6ecording past climate

.o( do (e /no( climate (as different inthe $ast-

9ossils of animals and plants that no longerlive in the 53*Landforms left by glaciers/amples from ice sheets in Antarctica* 2cesheets are made up of layers of ice! a layerfor each year* Trapped in the ice sheets areair bubbles* Climatologists study the C:;levels to reconstruct past climates*

.o( do (e /no( climate has changed in themore recent $ast-

:ld photos! paintings

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

11/40

Natural causes of climate change

0heory %acts

Eru$tion

theory+

'ig volcanic eruptions can change the arth=s climate* /mall eruptions have no effect! it hasto be very large and e.plosive* >olcanic eruptions can produce ash and sulphur dio.ide 0as* 2fthe ash and gas rise high enough they will be spread about the arth=s stratosphere by highlevel winds* The blan"et of ash and gas that this creates will stop some sunlight reaching thearth=s surface* 2nstead! the sunlight is reflected off this blan"et bac" into space* Thiscools the planet and lowers the average temperature*

#uns$ot

theory+

/unspots (blac" areas on the sun) were first recorded over ; years ago* /ometimes thereare lots of these and at other times they disappear* ven though these spots are dar"! they

tell us that the /un is more active than usual* Lots of spots mean more solar energy is beingfired out from the /un towards arth* Cooler periods! such as the Little 2ce Age! and warmerperiods! such as the ?edieval +arm ,eriod! may have been caused by changes in sunspotactivity*

rbit

theory+

:ver very long timescales! there have been big changes in climate* 0lacial periods were $-@degrees colder than today and interglacial periods were ;- degrees warmer than today*

/uch big changes need a big cause*

:ver long periods of time the arth=s orbit changes4The arth=s orbit is sometimes circular! and sometimes more of an ellipse (oval)*The arth=s a.is tilts* /ometimes it is more upright! and sometimes it is more on its side*The arth=s a.is wobbles! li"e a spinning top about to fall over*

These changes alter the amount of sunlight the arth receives and they affect where sunlight

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

12/40

Im$act of $ast climate change

&Little Ice Age1

A period of significant cooling

years ago

2t had a negative impact onagriculture (farming)! people Becosystems*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

13/40

Im$act of the 2Little Ice Age1+ :n people and the environment

ECNMIC

34E

ECNMIC

54E

.EAL0. EN4I6NMEN0 %A6MING

nglish fishermanfound herringnormally locatedin the waters off7orway*

2ncreasing grainprices and lowerwine production

Cool! wet summersled to outbrea"sof /t* Anthony=s9ire illness

'eech trees! werereplaced first byoa" and then bypine*

+heat and oatsdid not ripen sothe harvestsfailed

2ncrease in deep-sea fishing helpedto build themaritimepopulation

?any farmsteadswere destroyed!resulting in lessta.

?alaria in severalparts of ngland

Cold and rainoccurred in thespring and summerof 11$

9arms high onhillsides wereabandoned

Cod fishinggreatlydecreased! as thecod movedfarther south*

0reat 9aminelasted years

2n the Alps! valleyglaciers grew inthe colder climate

They had tochange theircrops from wheatto potatoes

Advancing glaciers

closed the goldmines*

1-;D of

farmers diedfrom hunger

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

14/40

Im$act of $ast climate change

*****9ocus on agriculture*

+estern urope e.perienced a general cooling of theclimate between 11$-1@ and a very cold climatebetween 1$@-1$*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

15/40

.o( (ere ecosystems affected by climate changein the $ast-7) 0he dinosaur e&tinction was possibly caused by a massive

asteroid hitting ?e.ico and a huge volcano in 2ndia combining4dust! ash! gas go up into the stratospherewhich bloc"s the sun outwhich cools the climateso plants don#t growso dinosaurs have no foodE

Ewhich has a "noc" on effect through the food chain*

8) Megafauna e&tinction F big animals li"e the

woolly mammoth and sabre-toothed tiger*

The climate was warming so they had to findnew areas to live where the climate suitedthem* This disrupted food chains* umans

also hunted them to e.tinction*

f

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

16/40

Mega fauna e&tinction

The ice age(,leistocene) periodfinished around1! years ago*

This caused temperatures

to rise! ice to melt andglaciers to retreat*

The retreating glaciersmeant there was lesswater available for theplants B animals*

The lac" of water B risein temperature meantlots of plants died as theycould not adapt*

The lac" of plants meantherbivores (vegetarian)animals began to die*

The lac" of herbivoresmeant carnivorousanimals began to die asthey had less prey*

The overall change inclimate caused a bigchange in the food chain!which meant many animalsbecame e.tinct*

:ther theories suggestsome animals becamee.tinct because theywere hunted by humans*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

17/40

Climate change and humans 0he maingreenhouse gasses

h

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

18/40

Greenhouse gasses and tem$erature

There is a direct lin" between the amount of carbon

dio.ide in the atmosphere and temperature*

9Describe the gra$h:

7;;

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

19/40

.o( Does the Greenhouse Effect Wor/-

. D h G h Eff W /-

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

20/40

.o( Does the Greenhouse Effect Wor/-

0reenhouse gases (C:;from the burning of fossil fuels!deforestation! ?ethane from paddy fields etc****)

trap heat fromleaving the atmosphere and re-radiate that heatbac" down to earth*

The greater the concentration of greenhouse

gases! the more heat is trapped and the warmerearth becomes*

+e need the 7AT56AL greenhouse effect F itma"es the planet 1@ degrees warmer* +ithout itthe earth would be too cold for us to survive*

The e.tra greenhouse gases produces by humansburning fossil fuels power stations!

transport! industry! homes*

G h Ch ti

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

21/40

Greenhouse gases+ Change over time

/ince pre-industrial times! atmospheric concentrations

of greenhouse gases have grown significantly4 countries become more industrialised people become consumers of energy and goods 'ecome bigger producers of air pollution (through the

burning of fossil fuels)

?ost greenhouse gases are produced bydeveloped countries F the 5! 5/A! Hapan*

G h Ch ti

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

22/40

Greenhouse gases+ Change over time

The 5/A produce the largest amounts of C:;each year*

The world#s current level of C:;is increasing at a rate of;. faster than at any time in the past million years*

6ates of methane have also doubled since the 1s dueto the growing world#s population demanding an increasingamount of cows for meat*

merging powers such as China and 2ndia are now in linewith older polluters such as 5/A and urope due to theta"e off of their development*

China is now the world#s largest single polluter*

An atlas of $ollution+

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

23/40

An atlas of $ollution+C; emissions4

W ld C< i i

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

24/40

World C

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

25/40

World C

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

26/40

World Cusiness and industry F greaternumber of industries! biggeroutputs! offices*

>usiness and industry F moreprimary and secondaryindustries*

.omesF larger homes! centralheadingJair conditioning! more

energy intensive construction*

.omesF smaller homes! oftentraditional building methods

with less environmental impact*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

27/40

ffects on people

, dictin th futu 4

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

28/40

,redicting the future4

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

29/40

Case studies*

Climatech

angewill

have

positiveBne

gativeimp

acts

onpeople!theen

vironment

andcount

rieseconomies*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

30/40

ow might a developed country be affectedby climate changeK

53(?

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

31/40

ow might a developed country be affectedby climate changeK

/ea-

levelrise ?ore

e.tremeweather

+armer

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

32/40

%uture ,K climate

:verall 53 summers and winters will bewarmer* Temperature on average will rise by C

by ;* 2n the summer heat waves will be

become more common as temperaturesreach C

6ainfall in the summer is

e.pected to decrease andas a result we will sufferfrom more droughts*

+inters will

bring less snowand more rain*

+e will alsoreceive more

severe storms*

ow might a developing country be affected by

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

33/40

ow might a developing country be affected byclimate changeK

A developing country

Low greenhouse gas emissions F ;*@ tonnes per personper year (world average G @*) ,roduce less than 1D all green house gases* %%D of gypt#s people live in $D land area as so much is desert* Average rainfall G less than 1mmJyr The 6iver 7ile is an important water supply*

ow might a developing country be affected by

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

34/40

ow might a developing country be affected byclimate changeK

Water Wars-

@D of the 7ile#s water starts it#sourney in thiopia*5ganda! /udan and thiopia are allbuilding huge dams for ydro

lectric ,ower (,)*This could have a serious impacton the amount of water reachinggyptThis could lead to conflictand war*gypt has a debt of M billion* 2t

may not be able to cope with theimpacts of global warming*

With Global Warming?

2f sea levels rise $cm! 1J of thecity of Ale.andria would be underwater*1D 7ile

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

35/40

>ideo revision4

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

36/40

>ideo revision4

1* +hat are air massesK

;* Antarctic 2ce reveals Climate istory*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

37/40

1* :utline one reason why sea level is e.pected to rise in the future(; mar"s)

;*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

38/40

"ast GC#E @uestions+ >

I*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

39/40

"ast GC#E @uestions+ C

1;* 9or a named developing country! e.plain how climate change isli"ely to have a large impact on its economy* (@ mar"s)

1* 9or a named country! suggest one possible impact of higher globaltemperatures* (; mar"s)

1* /tate two possible impacts of climate change in the 53 (; mar"s)

1$* .plain how the future climate of the 53 is li"ely to be affectedby global climate change (@ mar"s)

1@*

7/25/2019 UNIT 1 Topic2ClimateChange

40/40

0ood luc"8