Unit 1: Three Worlds Unit 1: Three Worlds MeetMeet

Chapter 5: Beginnings of an American IdentityChapter 5: Beginnings of an American IdentitySection 2: Roots of Representative GovernmentSection 2: Roots of Representative Government

Section 3: The French and Indian WarSection 3: The French and Indian War

Colonists expected certain rightsColonists expected certain rights(because they were Englishmen)(because they were Englishmen)

In 1215: The Magna Carta In 1215: The Magna Carta (in England) gave limits to (in England) gave limits to the power of the King of the power of the King of England (King John), and England (King John), and gave more power and gave more power and rights to the people.rights to the people.

Carta means Carta means ““chartercharter””

A charter isA charter is a written a written statement of rights and statement of rights and responsibilitiesresponsibilities

A rare 710-year-old copy of the Magna Carta valued at up to A rare 710-year-old copy of the Magna Carta valued at up to $30 million is due to be sold by The Perot Foundation at $30 million is due to be sold by The Perot Foundation at

Sotheby's in New York in December Sotheby's in New York in December (2007),(2007), the auction house the auction house said on Tuesday. said on Tuesday.

The Magna Carta The Magna Carta established rights of the established rights of the English people and English people and curbed the power of the curbed the power of the king. The US king. The US Constitution includes Constitution includes ideas and phrases taken ideas and phrases taken almost directly from the almost directly from the charter, which rebellious charter, which rebellious barons forced their barons forced their oppressive King John to oppressive King John to sign in 1215 sign in 1215

By 1688, the English Parliament decided By 1688, the English Parliament decided to overthrow the King to overthrow the King

because he wasnbecause he wasn’’t respecting peoplet respecting people’’s s rights.rights.

In the In the ““Glorious Glorious RevolutionRevolution”” William William and Mary became the and Mary became the new King/Queen of new King/Queen of EnglandEngland

It was a It was a ““gloriousglorious”” revolution because revolution because it was it was done done peacefullypeacefully

When they became King and When they became King and Queen…Queen…

William and Mary William and Mary agreed to uphold agreed to uphold ““The The English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights””

They would not cancel They would not cancel laws or add new taxes laws or add new taxes unless Parliament agreed.unless Parliament agreed.

Free elections and Free elections and frequent meetings of frequent meetings of Parliament must be held.Parliament must be held.

Excessive fines and cruel Excessive fines and cruel punishment were punishment were forbidden.forbidden.

People had the right to People had the right to complain without being complain without being arrested.arrested.

Laws would come from Laws would come from the people – not the the people – not the government.government.

Of course, Of course, American American colonists wanted colonists wanted these same rightsthese same rights

And, as part of the changes in And, as part of the changes in EnglandEngland

In the colonies, some of the In the colonies, some of the powers began being shared powers began being shared by the English by the English monarch,monarch, and and local colonists.local colonists.

Someone who inherits their Someone who inherits their power and rules a country for power and rules a country for life (like a king or queen)life (like a king or queen)

But the monarchs actually interfered very little in colonial affairs: this was called salutary neglect. The colonists were acting almost completely on their own

Also going on by the early Also going on by the early 17001700’’s:s:

England and England and France were the France were the two most powerful two most powerful nations in the nations in the world.world.

They hated each They hated each other.other.

They fought a They fought a series of wars (4)series of wars (4)

1. King William1. King William’’s Wars War 2. Queen Anne2. Queen Anne’’s Wars War 3. King George3. King George’’s Wars War

4. The French and 4. The French and

Indian WarIndian War

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War(1754-1763)(1754-1763)

Which one?Which one?

A. French against A. French against the Indiansthe Indians

C. Colonists C. Colonists against against

the Britishthe British

B. British against the B. British against the IndiansIndians

D. British against D. British against thethe

FrenchFrench (who were helped by the Indians)(who were helped by the Indians)

Correct answer: Correct answer: D D

Results: Results: English beat the FrenchEnglish beat the French France gave England all of Canada and all itFrance gave England all of Canada and all it’’s lands s lands

between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River.River.

Spain also gave England what is now Florida.Spain also gave England what is now Florida.

The wars cost a lot of money, so the colonists had to The wars cost a lot of money, so the colonists had to pay more taxes.pay more taxes.

The colonies began to unite.The colonies began to unite. Colonists began to realize they were a lot different Colonists began to realize they were a lot different

than the English who were there fighting.than the English who were there fighting.

After the French and Indian War was After the French and Indian War was over…over…

The British moved in and The British moved in and took over their forts.took over their forts.

They refused to trade with They refused to trade with the Native Americans (the the Native Americans (the French did trade with the French did trade with the Native Americans).Native Americans).

The Native Americans The Native Americans attacked many of the forts attacked many of the forts – one attack was supposed – one attack was supposed to have been organized by to have been organized by the Ottawa war leader the Ottawa war leader Pontiac – and was called … Pontiac – and was called … ““________ Rebellion________ Rebellion””

So the British decided to get even for the So the British decided to get even for the attacksattacks

They killed many Native They killed many Native Americans – some who Americans – some who had nothing to do with the had nothing to do with the attacks.attacks.

They had a plan to get rid They had a plan to get rid of some more.of some more.

They invited some Native They invited some Native American war leaders in to American war leaders in to talk about peace and as a talk about peace and as a nice gesture gave them nice gesture gave them some blankets.some blankets.

The blankets were The blankets were infected with smallpox, infected with smallpox, and started a deadly and started a deadly outbreak.outbreak.

To try and stop some of these To try and stop some of these issues:issues:

The British said no-one could move west of the The British said no-one could move west of the Appalachian Mountains.Appalachian Mountains.

But the colonists were angry at the British But the colonists were angry at the British government – they felt they had won the right to government – they felt they had won the right to settle there.settle there.

TodayToday’’s essential question:s essential question:

Why is “where” important?

Pick one of the areas of land in colonial America and tell me why it was important that it was settled by that

European nation.