Unit 1 Review

Political ViewsJefferson- Democratic Republican (developed

from Anti-Federalists)- believed that the states should have more

powerful than the national government (compact theory)

Hamilton –Federalistbelieved in a strong national governmentbelieved in a national bankBelieved that some debt was good for the

country because it united them and forced other countries to be concerned with their survival

John Marshall’s Supreme CourtSeries of supreme court cases heard by

Federalist judge John MarshallAsserted the power of the national

government over the statesSet many precedents for the new governmentMarbury v Madison- Judicial ReviewMcCulloch v Maryland- states can’t

overpower national government (bank was ok as an implied power)

Compromises that created the Constitution Connecticut Compromise- compromised between

the fight over representation in congress- called for 2 houses, 1 based on population and 1 with equal representation

3/5 compromise- slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person

Electoral college- compromise between popular vote and having congress pick the president

Slave trade and commerce compromise- congress could tax imports, not exports, and they could not outlaw the slave trade for 20 years

Constitutional Convention Took place in 1787Originally designed to fix the Articles of

Confederation

Jefferson’s reaction to British and French actions towards American shipsBritain and France were at warUS declare their neutrality and wanted to

keep trading with both countriesBoth countries began attacked our ships and

impressing our sailors when we were trading with the opposite country

Jefferson issues the Embargo

Embargo of 1807See the previous slide for the background

infomrationHurts American trade more than British and

FrenchIs later repealed by Macon’s Bill 2- US would

trade with whoever would stop restricting US trade

France agrees and that draws the US into the War of 1812 against Britain

Election of 1800Jefferson – Democratic Republican- 73 EVBurr-Democratic Republican -73 EVAdams-Federalist-65 EVPickney-Federalist-64 EVJay- Federalist-1 EVNo candidate receives a majority of electoral votes so

the election is decided in the House of Representatives

The house chooses Jefferson as lesser of 2 evilsJefferson declares a revolution1st peaceful shift of power12th amendment is passed as a result- now Presidents

and Vice Presidents run together

Federalist PapersWritten by John Jay, James Madison, and

Alexander HamiltonWritten to persuade NY and VA to ratify the

Constitution

Native Americans during the War of 1812Sided with the British because they feared

American expansion to the west

Support of the war of 1812

“War Hawks” – mostly in the West and South

Jay’s TreatySigned in 1794British would remove their forts in the WestBritish American debts from the war would

be sent to arbitrationStrengthened American trade with Brittan

Shay’s RebellionRebellion in 1786 and 1787 led by poor

farmers who were protesting the large debt and taxes they were facing

They followed the spirit of the revolutionThis rebellion was the leading reason why

they decided to rewrite the Articles of Confederation

Era of Good FeelingsName given to the time period of

approximately 1816-1824During this time there was only 1 political

partyNo party politics!

Monroe Doctrine 1823Said that European countries could not

establish new colonies in the western hemisphere

Guided US foreign policy for almost 100 years

Was issued because European countries were controlled by powerful governments that wanted to conquer land

Election of 1824Adams 84 EVJackson 99 EVCrawford 41 EVClay 37 EVJackson had more electoral and popular votes than

the other candidates but he didn’t reach the magic number (131)

Election goes to the house where the Speaker of the House Henry Clay makes sure that Adams is chosen

Adams will then appoint Clay as Secretary of StateThis becomes known as the corrupt bargain

Election of 1828Jackson easily defeats AdamsThis is the start of Jackson’s 1st term

Election of 1832Jackson easily beats Clay (National

Republican)Clay had tried to make the bank an election

issue

Specie CircularLaw that required that all Western lands be

purchased with Specie (hard metallic money)One of the causes of the Panic of 1837

Panic of 1837Financial crisis caused mostly by Jackon’s

action such as depleting the bank and issuing the Specie circular

Van Buren will inherit this problem and it will make his presidency difficult

TexasMexico gains independence from SpainAmericans start moving to Texas with the

agreement that there would be no slavery and they would be catholic

They don’t follow these rulesTensions grow and Texas gains its

independence from MexicoJackson and Van Buren are hesitant to take

actions towards Texas because of the slavery issue

Whig PartyFormed in reaction to Jackson’s presidencyWanted a stronger national governmentFavored the power of Congress over the

presidentWanted a national bankWanted government funding for internal

improvements (Harrison- 1st Whig president)

Election of 1840William Henry Harrison –Whig 234 EVMartin Van Buren – Democrat 60 EV

Van Buren’s presidency was plauged by the panic of 1837

Van Buren was portrayed as a rich man who didn’t understand the problems of the poor

Harrison was portrayed as poor man who did understand the problems

Changes in the economy in the 1820’sThe North becomes more industrialized

(wealthy)The South becomes more dependent on

cotton production (a few wealthy plantation owners)

This divides the country by sections

This slide also address the socio-economic differences by region

Religious revivals in the mid 1800s2nd Great AwakeningReligious renewalResults in more denominational diversityReligious groups split over the issue of

slavery

Transportation RevolutionChanges in transportation start to change the

countryHelps commerceCanals, turnpikes, steamships, etc

Seneca Falls ConventionOfficial start of Women’s Rights MovementLed by Dix, Anthony, Stanton, GrimkeCreated the Declaration of Sentiments which

said that all men and women were created equal

TranscendentalismBelief in an “inner light” brings revelation

instead of the formal doctrine of established religions

Non-conformists who did not follow societyHenry David Thoreau-Civil Disobedience Ralph Waldo Emerson –Walden Pond

Utopian SocialismBelief in a perfect societyBelief that every person should work and

contribute to society in a equal way

Reform MovementsWomen’s Movement- rights for womenAbolitionist movement- abolish slavery2nd Great AwakeningUtopian movments

Medical ProfessionStill not very advanced