Unit 1 - Industrial Revolution

8/6/2019 Unit 1 - Industrial Revolution

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WHAT WAS THE

INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION?

World History 2,

Unit 1



What was the Industrial Revolution?

People started making justabout everything byMACHINE instead of by hand

They used new sources of

energy to run the machines(coal and steam, instead ofhorse and human musclepower)

«took place in England in

the late 1700s. «spread around the world in

the 1800s.

«changed the world!



Why did it start in England?

1. FOOD. The agricultural revolution of 1700s made

it possible to grow more food from same land;

ONE farmer produced enough food for TWO non-

farmers

2. MONEY. England had world·s best banking

system ² there was enough money for business

people to borrow money and build factories

3. GOVERNMENT. Elected Parliament kept king from

being too strong.

4. RAW MATERIALS in England. Especially coal and

iron.

5. EMPIRE. England owned land around the world, so

it could buy materials and sell goods around the

world.



Two of England·s many advantages

England had a Parliament to make

laws.

England had lots of COAL and iron

(gray areas on map).



Machines in the textile industry

Textiles are used to make clothes. Cotton textiles made

light-weight clothes for sale in warm climates. All

textiles used to be made by hand. Now, new machines

changed everything:

Cotton gin ² removed seed from raw cotton.

Spinning jenny ² spun thin strands of cotton into

strong threads; one person could now do the work of16.

Power loom ² designed to weave thread into cloth,

replacing MANY skilled weavers.



What was the steam engine?

A new source of energy

invented by Thomas

Newcomen and improved by

James Watt. Designed to pump water out

of deep mines.

Provided energy for A N Y

machine, ex. spinning jenny

Coal boiled water«steam

moved piston«piston moved

wheel« wheels moved the

belts that drove the machines

Click picture to see animation.



Olden days«Onewoman spinning (used

to be known as a

³spinster´)

One womanusing a

spinning jenny

± doing the

work of 16

women!!!

Steam engines running spinning

machines, doing the work of

hundreds of women.

1

2

3



How transportation changed

Steam engines were

used to move new

types of vehicle:

� Steamships (1807,Robert Fulton·s

steamboat)

� Railroads (1825,

picture on right) ²

designed to move

HEAVY things

(coal)



Railroads made it possible to«

Move heavy goods cheaply over long distances

Move people over short or long distances; they could now livein different places from where they worked.

dRailroad industry create new jobs; trains created a need for

more COAL«.



What was it like to work in factories?

Child labor ² kids did jobs that

were too unsafe or difficult for

adults.

Long hours ² 12 to 14 hours a

day.

Low pay ² not enough for a

family to live on; everybody

worked.

Short breaks.

Workers had to keep up with

machines.



How did workers respond to new

conditions?

Broke machines

Formed unions

Formed new

political parties

Some wanted to

change society to

improve life foreveryone (an idea

called sociali sm).Workers meet to demand change!



What was so revolutionary about

the Industrial Revolution?

Change led to more

change «

People no longer

worked for themselves

and families. They

worked for bosses, and

machines set the pace ofwork.

Place of work changed

² factories and cities

Unit 1 - Industrial Revolution

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