Unicef... Hukum Anak

8/12/2019 Unicef... Hukum Anak

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www.unicef.org

A YOUNG PERSONS GUIDE TO:

THE UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL SESSION ON CHILDREN

You are aou! !o rea" a #a#er !$a! wi%% !e%% &ou 'ore aou! !$e Uni!e" Na!ion( S#ecia% Se((ion on C$i%"ren.

This guide has been developed so that you can have a clear picture of what will take place in New York City on

May 8 - 10 !00!" You will learn about all the following infor#ation$

%hat is the &nited Nations 'pecial 'ession on Children(

)vents that led to the &nited Nations 'pecial 'ession on Children"

*etails about what is happening at the 'pecial 'ession"

+nfor#ation about docu#ents being discussed at the 'pecial 'ession"

,nd #uch #ore"

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http://www.unicef.org/http://www.unicef.org/


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)efore &ou ge! (!ar!e" !$ere are a few wor"( an" (o'e infor'a!ion &ou ($ou%" *now aou!:

T$e Uni!e" Na!ion($ ften referred to as the .&N/ for short it was created after the 'econd %orld %ar" +t provides

a place for all the countries of the world to discuss proble#s and deal with issues that affect the# all" +t has a key

role in trying to #aintain international peace and security" The &nited Nations is based in New York and eneva but

also has offices in other countries"

T$e UN Genera% A((e'%&$ The &nited Nations is #ade up of 18 countries that are all represented in the &N eneral

,sse#bly" The eneral ,sse#bly is like a parlia#ent of the nations which #eets in New York to discuss the world2s #ost

i#portant proble#s" ,lthough the &N is not a world govern#ent it is a place where countries can agree how they want

to work together to tackle issues"

Defini!ion of a c$i%"$ &sing the &N Convention on the 3ights of the Child a child is considered to be any hu#an being

below the age of 18 4C3C ,rticle 15"

Officia% UN re#or!(+ "ocu'en!( an" #a#er( have strange letters and nu#bers on the# for e6a#ple$ ,717!9 or

:7;" These nu#ber and letters are used so that docu#ents done was elected in

1? as the &N2s seventh 'ecretary eneral" 3ecently he was re-elected for a second period of four years"

This guide gives you a @uick and brief look at infor#ation relating to the 'pecial 'ession on Children" +f you want 'oreinfor'a!ioncheck out one of the web sites below" ood luckA

www"unicef"org

www"savethechildren"net

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http://www.unicef.org/http://www.savethechildren.net/http://www.unicef.org/http://www.savethechildren.net/


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THE ROAD TO THE 2002 UN SPECIAL SESSION ON CHILDREN:

HOW DID WE GET HERE?

1. The United Nation

Con!ention on theRi"ht o# the Chi$d

On November 20th, 1989 the

United Nations General Assembly

promised certain things to children

when it ormally adopted the

United Nations !onvention on the

"ights o the !hild #also $nown as

the !"!%& 'he !"! provides the

ramewor$ or the

promotion and protection o the

basic h(man rights or all children,everywhere, all the time&

'he !"! e)plains that

children*s rights incl(de the

right to+

be protected rom all

types o harm

be provided with things

they need to s(rvive and

grow

ta$e part in comm(nity

and political lie

grow (p in their own

amily, c(lt(re, lang(age

and religion whenever

possible&

2. The 1%%0 Wo&$d S'((it

on Chi$d&en

-n 1990 governments held a big

meeting called .'he /orld (mmit

or !hildren

in New or$& 'he main goal o the

meeting was to develop promises

and commitments

to improve and invest in the lives

o children& At this meeting theypromised to always

p(t the best interest o children

irst, in good times and in bad

times& 'hey made 23 promises

or children which they said they

wo(ld achieve by the year 2000

and which they p(t in a

doc(ment called the ./orld

4eclaration on the (rvival,

5rotection and 4evelopment

o !hildren and 5lan o Action&

). Nationa$ P&o"&a((e o#

A*tion

Ater the 1990 /orld (mmit or

!hildren, world leaders ret(rned

to their home co(ntries& 'hey now

had to loo$ at ways to ma$e the

promises a reality in their home

co(ntries& 6any co(ntries

developed what is called, .A

National 5rogramme o Action&

'hese 5rogrammes o Action

e)plained how governments

wo(ld achieve the goals andpromises they had made& 'hey

also incl(ded ways o wor$ing in

partnership with non7

governmental organiations, other

levels o government, the private

sector and civic gro(ps& 'hese

5rogrammes also e)plained how

governments wo(ld collect

inormation and monitor dierent

things that aect the well being o

children& 'his collection and

monitoring wo(ld help them tob(ild on and develop programmes

to deal with any problems that

come (p&

+. The ,id De*ade Re!ie-

REVIEW PROCESSES ARE

LIKE A REPORT CARD

FOR GOVERNMENTS

-n ebr(ary 199: co(ntries were

as$ed to s(bmit a report detailing

the progress they had made so ar

in achieving the goals and

promises they had made at the

/orld (mmit or !hildren& 5art

o the reason or this was that

many o the promises made at the

1990 /orld (mmit or !hildren

were already meant to have been

(lilled by 199;& 'hese short ;

year promises were s(ppose to

ma$e it easier to (lil the

promises or the year 2000&


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. The /EndDe*ade

Re!ie- P&o*ee

At the end o 10 years, each

government was e)pected to give

a (ll report detailing theirachievements and ail(res over the

last 10 years& Governments were

not the only gro(ps to contrib(te

to the reports& -n some cases non

governmental organiations, civil

society organiations, religio(s

gro(ps, the media, children and

yo(ng people and others wo(ld

also contrib(te to the details o the

report&

'he res(lts o these end7decade

reviews and the res(lts or the

world as a whole 7 the

achievements and ail(res 7 can

be o(nd in the UN ecretary

General*s "eport, ./e the

!hildren&

. The ) P&e3*o(

'o get ready or the pecial

ession on !hildren in 6ay 2002,

preparations needed to be made&

-n the months leading (p to the

pecial ession on !hildren there

were = meetings o the

5reparatory !ommittee or

>5repcoms?& 'hese meeting were

all held in New or$ !ity at the

United Nations b(ilding& 'heir

dates were+

'he 1st5repcom 7 6ay 2000

'he 2nd5repcom 7 @an(ary

2001

'he =rd5repcom 7 @(ne 2001

'he main p(rpose o the

5repcoms was to loo$ bac$ on the

s(ccesses and ail(res o the past

10 years, to begin drats and

disc(ssions abo(t (t(re promises

and to plan or the UN pecial

ession on !hildren&

4. Re"iona$ P&o*ee

'here were regional preparatory

meetings held thro(gho(t the

years 2000 and 2001& 'hese

meetings were an opport(nity orpeople to gather and disc(ss iss(es

speciic to their regions& 'he main

topics o disc(ssions at these

meeting were+

A review o the achievements

and ail(res since 1990

5reparations or the 2002

pecial ession on !hildren

An opport(nity to loo$

orward and thin$ abo(t new

commitments

ive maor regional meeting wereheld+

1& 'he ;th6inisterial 6eeting on

!hildren and ocial 5olicy in the

Americas

Bingston, @amaica October, 7 2000

2& 'he o(th Asia Cigh Devel

6eeting on -nvesting in !hildren

Bathmand(, Nepal 6ay, 7 2001

=& 'he ;thEast Asia and 5aciic

6inisterial !ons(ltation


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Now that you understand how we got to where we are today you #ight have a few @uestions"

This section will try to answer so#e of your @uestions"

,$a! I( A S#ecia% Se((ion of !$e UN Genera% A((e'%&

)very year the &N eneral ,sse#bly #eets on a regular basis to discuss various @uestions" 'o#eti#es the eneral

,sse#bly decides to have a B'pecial 'ession< to discuss a particular proble# or issue for a few days" 'ince the &nited

Nations was founded the eneral ,sse#bly has held over !0 B'pecial 'essions+D7,+*'" This is the first ti#e in the history of the &nited Nations that a 'pecial 'ession onchildren is being held"

,$& I( T$ere A S#ecia% Se((ion on C$i%"ren

,s noted earlier 11 years ago there was a #aEor international #eeting on children called the %orld 'u##it on Children"

+t agreed !? goals that the govern#ents of the world would try and achieve for children" The 'pecial 'ession on

Children is being held to look at what has happened to children since 10 and to agree what the world wants to do for

children over the ne6t ten years"

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,$o ,i%% )e Going To T$e S#ecia% Se((ion

The 'pecial 'ession is a #eeting of govern#ents who will agree together what they want to do for children" The #ain

people at the 'pecial 'ession will be govern#ent Bdelegates< F people who represent their govern#ents" 'o#e of the#

work in New York for their govern#ent and others will have co#e fro# the capital of their country especially for this#eeting" 'o#e of these will be heads of state Gsuch as HresidentsI but there will also be Hri#e Ministers #inisters and

other politicians" Most of the govern#ent delegates however will be civil servants or officials" There will also be #any

govern#ent delegates who will be under 18 years of ageA

There will also be #any Bdelegates< fro# non-govern#ental organisations 4Ns5 who have co#e to the 'pecial 'ession to

talk about the situation of the children in their country or to highlight particular issues such as child labour or refugee

children" There will be #any &nder 18s a#ong these delegates too"

There will also be representatives fro# &N and other international organisations" The largest nu#ber will co#e fro#

&N+C)J F the &N Children


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,$a! Are T$e -ain Docu'en!( )eing Di(cu((e"

There are two #ain docu#ents being discussed at the 'pecial 'ession"

The first is the report called B%e the Children< which has been written by the head of the &N 'ecretary eneral =ofi

,nnan" This is a long report that looks at what has happened to children over the last ten years" +ts #ain conclusion is

that the govern#ents did not keep #ost of the pro#ises they #ade to children in 10 because they did not invest

enough #oney in children Ge"g" in schools or clean water suppliesI" +n addition the rich countries did not give enough help

to poorer countries to help the# achieve the goals" >owever lots of good things did happen and #any #ore children are

alive today because of the efforts that govern#ents #ade"

, child friendly 'u##ary of this report is included in this infor#ation kit"

The other #ain docu#ent at the 'pecial 'ession is called B, %orld Jit for Children

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