Tuesday, September 14, 2017

2:00pm to 3:30pm ET

Understanding Stormwater Management Requirements for Airports

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD

Purpose

Discuss ACRP Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports, ACRP Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure - Volume 1: Primer, and ACRP Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure - Volume 2: Guidebook.

Learning Objectives At the end of this webinar, you will be able to:

• Discuss a stand-alone Clean Water Act regulatory guidance document • Describe the various water-related environmental regulations and

permitting programs that apply to airports • Discuss stormwater management regulations • Understand how to determine the appropriate strategies for

implementation of green stormwater infrastructure

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✈ Conducts research to find solutions.

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✈ Visit ACRP’s website to learn more.

Upcoming ACRP Webinars

October 17

Advancing the Aviation Industry Workforce

November 1 Assessing Community Annoyance with

Helicopter Noise

November 14 Airport In-Terminal Concession Program

Implementation

Additional ACRP Publications Available on this Topic

Report 81: Winter Design Storm Factor Determination for Airports

Report 99: Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers

Report 125: Balancing Airport Stormwater and Bird Hazard Management

Report 154: Water Efficiency Management Strategies for Airports

Report 166: Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring

Today’s Speakers

Dean Mericas, Ph.D. - Mead & Hunt Jeffrey Longsworth, Esq. - Barnes & Thornburg

Presenting Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements

for Airports

Jim Jolley, P.E. - The Cadmus Group, Inc.

Presenting Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure

for Airports

ACRP Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for

Airports

Dean Mericas, Ph.D.

Mead & Hunt, Inc.

Jeffrey Longsworth, ESQ Barnes & Thornburg, LLC

Webinar Topics

• Introductions and background

• Governing regulations

• Permit-specific information provided

• Value to airports and practitioners

Dean Mericas, Ph.D. Principal Investigator

• Senior Aviation Consultant, Mead & Hunt, Inc.

• 25 years providing stormwater management services to airports

• Principal Investigator/SME on ACRP water-related projects

• Co-Chair, ACI-NA Water Quality Working Group

• Past Chair, TRB AV030(3) Water Resources Subcommittee

Jeffrey Longsworth, ESQ Clean Water Act Expert

• Partner, Barnes & Thornburg LLP • ACI-NA outside counsel • ACI-NA at-large Environmental

Steering Committee member • Environmental counsel to dozens of

large, medium and small airports across the nation

• Appointed: EPA Wet Weather Flows Federal Advisory Committee

• Regulatory SME on ACRP 02-02 and 02-61

ACRP Report 169 Oversight Panel

Ms. Asciatu J. Whiteside, PE, Chair, DFW Airport

Ms. Lindsey Maron, PE, RS&H, INC.

Mr. Sam A. Mehta, P.E., San Francisco International Airport

Ms. Katie R. Servis, Barnstable Municipal Airport

Mr. Scott Simpson, SSI Inc.

Mr. Dan Trapp, Mid-America Airport

Mr. Frank Smigelski, FAA Liaison

Ms. Katherine B. Preston, ACI-NA Liaison

Mr. Stephen F. Maher, P.E., TRB Liaison

ACRP Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports

• Need identified during ACRP 02-61 review of all ACRP stormwater management products for potential updating

• Consolidates information on regulatory drivers and requirements into a single comprehensive reference

• Target audience includes airport staff, consultants, and stakeholders

• Reflects evolution of sophistication in airports’ approaches over the past two+ decades

• Published January 2017

Governing Federal Programs

• Clean Water Act • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

• Wastewater • Stormwater • Certain pesticide applications

• Section 404 Wetlands Permits • Oil Pollution Act

• Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plans • Safe Drinking Water Act

• Source water protection • Water distribution protection • Underground injection wells

NPDES Permitting Overview

• Not all discharges require permitting: • Farms, for example, generally are exempt

• Point source vs. non-point source

• Most, but not all “waters” are “waters of the U.S.”

• Discharges can go directly or “indirectly” into U.S. waters: • Indirect =

• Through a sanitary sewer system connected to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works

• Through a municipal separate storm sewer system.

NPDES Permitting Overview

NPDES permits contain national technology and local water quality permitting conditions:

• Technology-based effluent limitations • National minimum permit conditions (the “floor”).

• Example = Airport Deicing Effluent Limitations Guidelines

• Water quality-based effluent limitations • Site-specific permit conditions to protect water quality in the local

waterbody receiving the discharge.

Some Typical Examples of Airport Discharges

• Wash rack connected to a sanitary sewer: • Indirect discharge that requires a permit/approval from a

POTW, which treats the water before being discharged to a water of the U.S.

• Wash rack that drains directly to a creek: • Direct discharge that requires an NPDES wastewater permit.

• Stormwater discharges associated with vehicle maintenance, fueling, deicing, or other “industrial” activities:

• Direct discharge that requires an NPDES industrial stormwater permit.

• Stormwater discharges from disturbed land associated with active construction operations:

• Direct discharge that requires an NPDES construction stormwater permit.

CWA and Related Permits • NPDES Stormwater Discharges

• Industrial Activities • Construction Activities • Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4)

• NPDES Process Water or Wastewater Treatment Discharge

• NPDES Industrial Pretreatment Permit • NPDES Vessel General Permit • NPDES Pesticide General Permit • Section 404 Permit • Rivers and Harbor Act Section 10 Permit

CWA and Related Permits

CWA and Related Permits

For each permit: • Applicability and description • Special considerations

• Types of permits • Tenant coverage

• Application process • Compliance requirements

Example: NPDES Industrial Stormwater Permit

• Applicability of industrial versus non-industrial • Types of industrial stormwater permits

• Multi-Sector General Permit • Individual Permit

• Tenant coverage • Application and renewal processes • Compliance requirements

Example: Pesticide General Permit

• Description • Requirements • Applicability

• Application Process • Compliance requirements

• Decision makers • Applicators

Value of Report 169 to Airports

• Single comprehensive CWA reference • Specific to the airport context • Information presented in “plain English” • Sufficient detail to understand important nuances • Useful external information resources • Table of Abbreviations and Acronyms

For additional information:

ACRP Report 169 Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports

Dean Mericas Dean.Mericas@meadhunt.com Jeff Longsworth jeffrey.longsworth@btlaw.com

http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/175472.aspx

ACRP Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure

Strategies for Airports

R. Duffner, 2015

ACRP Report 174 Oversight Panel

Jennifer M. Fuller, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh, NC (Chair) James Berg, Port of Portland (OR), Portland, OR Eddie R. Clayson, Salt Lake City Department of Airports, UT Laura D. Morland, Mead & Hunt, Inc., Middleton, WI Jesse Nikkel, Southwest Airlines Co., Dallas, TX Eduardo N. Tovar, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, TX Janell Barrilleaux, FAA Liaison Frank Smigelski, FAA Liaison Marci A. Greenberger, ACRP Senior Program Officer

ACRP Report 174 Airport Participants

• Austin-Bergstrom International Airport • Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport;

Martin State Airport • Cleveland Hopkins International Airport • Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport • Denver International Airport • Fresno Yosemite International Airport • Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport • Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport • Los Angeles World Airports • Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport • City of Naples Airport Authority • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Aviation Department • Pittsburgh International Airport • San Diego County Regional Airport Authority • Seattle-Tacoma International Airport • Southwest Florida International Airport

ACRP Report 174 Project Team

James W. Jolley, Principal Investigator: The Cadmus Group Mary Ellen Tuccillo, Green Stormwater Infrastructure Expert:

The Cadmus Group Michelle L. Young, Guidebook Development Expert: The

Cadmus Group Michael Barrett, Green Stormwater Infrastructure Specialist:

Michael Baker International Anna Lantin, Stormwater Management Expert: Michael Baker

International Paul Fendt, Airport Green Stormwater Infrastructure Engineer:

Parametrix Mary Vigilante, Airport Sustainability Expert: Synergy

What is Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)?

• Refers to “stormwater management practices that

restore hydrologic functions to harvest, evapo-transpire, and infiltrate precipitation.” National Research Council

• Maintains, mimics, or restores natural processes to manage stormwater as close as possible to its point of origin.

What is Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)?

Examples of Green Stormwater Infrastructure best management practices (BMPs):

Bioswales Filter strips Infiltration galleries Green roofs Permeable pavement Sand filters Water harvesting & reuse Bioretention cells/rain gardens Wetland treatment systems

Figure 10: Bioretention at Austin Bergstrom International Airport

(M. Barrett 2015)

Problem Statement Limited application of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) strategies and low impact development (LID) at airports.

Challenges to adaptation of GSI at airports:

• Safety limitations, • Wildlife attractants, • Uncertain performance, and • Operation and maintenance costs.

Research Product Goal: Produce a Primer and a Guidebook to:

• Introduce GSI and LID concepts; • Present the advantages and applications of GSI

at airports; • Guide the evaluation and selection of

appropriate practices; and, • Present case studies to highlight the results of

the real world application of GSI at airports.

Approach and Methodology Phase 1: Research and Investigation

• Literature review

Phase 2: Field Investigation/Feedback • Interviews and focus groups • Case studies

Phase 3: Develop Primer and Guidebook

• Review of draft by partner airports • Include practices in SAGA Sustainability

database

Research Results

Results of Literature Review, Interviews, Focus Groups and Site Visits with Airports: • Water Quality and Quantity Concerns

• BMP Selection, Siting, and Design

• Capital and O&M Costs

• Wildlife Hazards

• Drivers

Figure 4: Rainwater Harvesting at Taxi Waiting Area

Drivers Promoting GSI • Regulations

– Stormwater Regulations

• Environmental/Sustainability Goals

Management of Wildlife Hazards

Primary Concern Many ways to address…

Bird Balls at Northeast Ohio Regional Airport (Michael Baker International)

Primer Describes: Essentials of stormwater management and GSI Audience: Airport managers, planners, engineers, and

aviation consultants Graphics and Sources: Additional resources at each stage.

Goal not to reproduce existing documents Topics Covered

– Overview of stormwater management at airports – History of stormwater regulations at airports – Green vs. gray infrastructure – Basic information on GSI BMPs – Benefits of GSI – Applicability of GSI to airports – Challenges

Primer

Guidebook Guidebook provides a basic process that airport managers of any airport size or type can follow to: • Assess their stormwater management needs including whether GSI may be applicable; and,

• Learn about and select appropriate GSI strategies.

Step 1: Understanding GSI • Applicability of GSI at Airports • Drivers (regulatory, environmental) • Advantages of GSI • Regulatory Support • Implementation issues for airports • Barriers - actual and perceived

Step 2: Gathering Information

• Assess your facility’s needs • Identify and assemble relevant information (permit

requirements, wildlife hazard management, financial information, etc.)

• Consult with necessary departments • Will help in tying GSI into airport master planning. • Useful to prepare to communicate with stakeholders

Step 3: Screening GSI BMPs • Clarify which areas of the airport may or may not be suitable

for GSI • Identify which BMPs may be appropriate • Use airside and landside tables

Step 3: Screening GSI BMPs Step 3: GSI BMP Screening:

Step 4: Examining GSI BMPs

Use information for the nine GSI BMPs: • design features that can be customized, issues and

constraints, performance, maintenance, costs

Step 4: Examining GSI BMPs

Nine GSI BMPs 1: Bioretention (Bioretention Cells, Rain Gardens) 2: Green Roofs (Vegetated Roofs, Rooftop Garden) 3: Harvesting and Reuse (Rain Barrels, Cisterns) 4: Infiltration Galleries (Infiltration Trenches, Infiltration Basins) 5: Porous Pavement (Permeable Pavement, Porous Asphalt, Pervious Concrete, Pavers) 6: Sand Filters (Media Filters) 7: Filter Strips (Vegetated Filter Strips) 8: Bioswales (Vegetated Swales, Grassy Swales) 9: Wetland Treatment Systems (Constructed Wetlands, Conventional Stormwater Wetlands) • .

Step 5: Evaluate Feasibility • Lead the user through

evaluation of the BMPs of interest using guiding questions.

• Use all relevant information to conduct discussions with other airport staff as well as external stakeholders.

• Guiding questions illustrated with hypothetical airport example

Case Study: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport

Highlights of GSI BMPs: • Bioswales receiving stormwater directly from streets

and parking areas • Vegetated filter strips installed along runways • Enhanced bioswales polishing discharge from

upstream detention ponds. • Installation of “Ecology Embankment” BMP

Case Study: Seattle–Tacoma International Airport

Lessons Learned: • Minimize hazards from open water associated with GSI • Prevent wildlife access (e.g. netting) • Discourage wildlife (e.g. high-density planning, undesirable

vegetation) • Capital costs for GSI not a major challenge • Minimize GSI operation and maintenance (O&M) • Consider O&M requirements and include O&M staff during

design • Complete upstream pollutant source control as much as

possible prior to installation of new BMPs • Consider installation of GSI BMPs at “end of pipe” rather than

near the source • Identify and reserve land for future GSI BMPs (potentially at end

of runways in RSAs)

Case Study: San Diego International Airport

Highlights of GSI BMPs • Artificial turf infiltration area • Porous pavement areas at rental car center, general

aviation parking, south public parking area • Bioswales at rental car center • Rain gardens with curb cuts in medians

Case Study: San Diego International Airport

Lessons Learned: • Capital costs for GSI are not major challenge • Deterioration of porous pavement does not appear to

be a major operational issue • Wildlife attractants are not a major issue as open water

is minimized and endangered species habitat maintained adjacent to the runway and taxiway

• Local regulatory climate is increasing current and future use of GSI

For additional information: ACRP Report 174 Green Stormwater Infrastructure – Volume 1: Primer Volume 2: Guidebook

• James Jolley, PE

James.Jolley@cadmusgroup.com

http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/176182.aspx

Today’s Participants • Jennifer Fuller, Division of Aviation, North

Carolina Department of Transportation, jmfuller@ncdot.gov

• Dean Mericas, Mead & Hunt, Dean.Mericas@meadhunt.com

• Jeffrey Longsworth, Barnes & Thornburg, Jeffrey.Longsworth@btlaw.com

• Jim Jolley, The Cadmus Group, Inc., james.jolley@cadmusgroup.com

Today’s Participants • Jennifer Fuller, Division of Aviation, North

Carolina Department of Transportation, jmfuller@ncdot.gov

• Dean Mericas, Mead & Hunt, Dean.Mericas@meadhunt.com

• Jeffrey Longsworth, Barnes & Thornburg, Jeffrey.Longsworth@btlaw.com

• Jim Jolley, The Cadmus Group, Inc., james.jolley@cadmusgroup.com

Panelists Presentations

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/webinars/170914.pdf

After the webinar, you will receive a follow-up email

containing a link to the recording

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