UNDERSTANDING ACTION:TIME, TENSE, AND VOICE

By reviewing: By introducing:-4 verb forms -active voice-simple tenses -passive voice-progressive tenses a) past participles-perfect tenses b) agent by+doer-verb consistency

A. How many different forms of the verb to read are used here?

John: Have you read Twilight? Is it any good?

Anne: I read it last year when I was in 7th grade. I read it all in 1 month!

John: The teacher said we will read it sometime before November.

Anne: I hope besides reading, we also watch the movie.

Just 1 pair of jeans can have 4 looks

1. BASE FORM

2. PRESENT PARTICIPLE FORM

3. PAST FORM

4. PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

The 4 forms of the verb to read to read being used here are:being used here are:

John: Have you read Twilight? Is it any good? Anne: I read it last year when I was in 7th grade. I did it

all in 1 month! John: The teacher said we will read it sometime before

November. Anne: I hope besides reading, we also watch the movie.

a) Past, past participle, future, progressiveb) Past participle, past, base, present participlec) Present perfect, past participle, base, progressived) Present, past, future, present progressive

PRACTICE 1: Which verb form is it?

1. We left school early yesterday. _______2. They had left before the cops arrived._____3. Don´t leave things unattended. _______4. If you do, the custodian will leave them at

the information desk. ________5. Who has already left? ________6. Should we leave now? ________7. To leave class without permission is not

recommended. _________8. Have they left any trace of the murder?___

ANY QUESTIONS SO FAR?

B. REVIEWING SIMPLE TENSES

Simple tenses

Definition Example Progressive form

PRESENT Indicates that something exists or is happening

now

Anne thinks this book is

great.

Anne is not reading at the

moment.

PAST Indicates that someting existed or

happened in the past

Anne read the book last year.

John was talking to

Anne about it.

FUTURE(shall/will)

Indicates that something will exist or will happen soon

The class will study it.

Anne will be waiting for the movie.

C. REVIEWING PERFECT TENSES

Perfect tenses

Definition Example Progressive form

PRESENTPERFECT(has or have + Past participle)

Indicates something existing or happening sometime before now,

with the effects continuing into the

present

Anne has thought

about reading this book again.

She has been

reading other books this year.

PAST PERFECT(had + Past participle)

Indicates something existed or happened

before a specific time in the past

Anne had read the

book before John did.

John had been

reading Science

Fiction books in 2009.

FUTUREPERFECT(will/shall have + Past participle)

Indicates something will be existing or

happening before a specific time in the

future

After Nov., the class will have read it.

The movie will have

been seen by this class.

D. COMPARING SIMPLE TENSES

Simple tenses

Example 1 These tenses In Spanish

Example 2

PRESENT Anne thinks this book is

great.

PRESENTESIMPLE

Yo como pollo frito con

tenedor y cuchillo.

PAST Anne read the book last year.

PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO Y

PRETÉRITO PERFECTO SIMPLE

La amaba a ella como

nunca amé a nadie antes.

FUTURE(shall/will)

The class will study it.

FUTUROSIMPLE

Me compraré lo que quiera con mi primer

salario.

E. COMPARING PERFECT TENSES

Perfect tenses

Example 1 These tensesIn Spanish

Example 2

PRESENTPERFECT(has or have + Past participle)

Anne has thought about

reading this book again.

PRETÉRITOPERFECTOCOMPUESTO

Ana ha leído otros libros en

este año.

PAST PERFECT(had + Past participle)

John had read Science Fiction books in 2009.

PRETÉRITOPLUSCUAM-PERFECTO (ANTERIOR)

Juan había leído obras de ciencia ficción

en el 2009.

FUTUREPERFECT(will/shall have + Past participle)

The show will have finished

by noon.

FUTUROPERFECTO

El show habrá terminado

para el mediodía.

Practice 2: Which verb tense is it?

1. We left school early yesterday. _______2. They had left before the cops arrived._____3. Don´t leave things unattended. _______4. If you do, the custodian will leave them at

the information desk. ________5. Who has already left? ________6. Are we leaving now? ________7. To leave class without permission is not

recommended. _________8. Have they left any trace of the murder?___

JOKE TIME Mother: "This is the worst report card I've ever seen."

Son: "Look at the bright side; you know I'm not cheating."

Two balloons are floating across the desert.One balloon says to the other:"Look out for the cactussssssssssss!"

C. WHAT IS VERB CONSISTENCY?

It is important to keep verb tenses consistent. Avoid unnecessary shifts into the present or another tense.

Your listeners must understand when exactly an action took place. So, stick to the same verb tense.

If you report something in dialogue, make sure the verb in the lines are consistent.

Actions occur at different times...

John walks. John walked.

John will walk.

With separate sentences, it´s easier to get when an action happens. Exs.: John ________ overtime last week. John must _______ 12 hrs each day. John _________overtime tomorrow.

When separate sentences are in a paragraph, the time of each action

is more difficult to determine.

Practice 3: Are all verbs consistent here? A. John entered the library. He speaks to the librarian. He walked from stack to stack looking for something in particular. Finally, John chooses a book.

THE TIME OF ALL ACTION WORDS MUST BE THE SAME IN A PARAGRAPH.

COMPLETE THE JOKE CONSISTENTLY!

B. Worms´ JokeIt ______ the first day of Biology for a group of teenagers. The

professor had ________ a short demonstration for the class.He ________ a worm and _________ it into a glass of water. The worm _________about in the water. Then he _______ for a

second worm and dropped it into a glass of alcohol.The worm immediately _______. The professor ______ the

students if anyone ________ what the point ofthe demonstration ________. A boy _______ his hand and

________, "You're showing us that if we drinkalcohol, we won´t have worms.“

BE-ARRANGE-TAKE-DROP-WRIGGLE-GO-DIE-ASK-KNOW-BE-RAISE-SAY

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE VERBS WEREN´T CONSISTENT?

D. VOICE: ACTIVE vrs. PASSIVE

We use the active when we want to focus on who does the action.

We use the passive when we want to focus on what happens to the object.

Examples: Costa Ricans import manufactured goods.

Manufactured goods are imported by Costa Ricans.

Practice 4: Transform into passive French people eat snails. The teacher is using examples. She opened the back door. We have written a summary. Mom had kept a diary. He will report the news. The judges would give the results. I would have cleaned it if you´d asked. Students can read the book in one month. The dancers must practice the routine now.

Practice 4: Answers (Notice how pers. pronouns change to object)

Snails are eaten by French people. Examples are being used by the teacher. The back door was opened by her. A summary has been written by us. A diary had been kept by Mom. The news will be reported by him. The results would be given by the judges. It would have been cleaned if you´d asked. The book can be read in one month by the students. The routine must be practiced now by the dancers.

LAST JOKE FOR TODAY! A man goes to the doctor and says,

"Doctor, please help me. I hurt all over."The doctor asked the man to explain more.The man said, "When I touch my arm it hurts, when I touch my leg it hurts, when I touch my head it hurts. Everywhere I touch it hurts."The doctor examined the man and said, "Mr Smith, your finger is broken!"