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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agenciesonly; Test and Evaluation; FEB 1988. Otherrequests shall be referred to Commander, USArmy Dugway Proving Ground, ATTN: STEDP-SD-TA,Dugway, UT 84022-5000.

ECBC memo dtd 14 Oct 2014

AD _ _ _ _ _ _RDTA PROJECT NO. I-M-466710DO49TECOM PROJT NO. 8-00-210-0090

DPG DOCUMENT NO. DPG/TA-S/OI

•I U.S. ARMYMATERIEL COMMAND

6FILE Cop,

TECHNICAL REPORT

Lafm

RELIABILITY OF M256 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR KIT

AT EXTREME ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES

t I-

by

C.K. Ramachandran

February 1988

DTICSLIETEDDistribution authorised to U.S. Governmt agencies only: Testand Evalustion (Feb 88). Other requests for this documentshall be referred to: Commander, U.S. Army Dugway ProvingGround, ATTN: STZDP-SD-TA, Dugway, UT 84022-6000

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION OFFICE

U.S. ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND

Dugway, Utah 84022-5000

DISPOSITION INSTRUCTIONS

Destroy this document when no longer needed; do not return to originator.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE

For unclassified limited documents, destroy by any method that will preventdisclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

DISCLAIMER STATEMENT

The findings in Whs document are not to be construed as an official Department oftht Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. The useof trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the useof such commercial hardware or software. This document may not be cited forpurposes of advertisement.

S-; .tYs CLASS.;i(ATSON OF TIlSPAG

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE.a. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION l.RSR6Mf~~~ J ~ I

UNCASSIFfl)f4Mlg i / v

2& SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHJORITY- 3 DiTR TION/AVAILASIUITY OF REPORT______________________ I Gcwenin 1WUS 1 CU only

Zo DECLASSi~iCATION / DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE CTM, FE 88) ; otha I~t f this dozutsha] I be Ae 1 to aR - S1P&a

4 PE-.FORM..G ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)

0 /T-88/O7 ____________________________

6a NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATIONTechnical Analysis an [ (11 appicable)

Inoraic~Office j TIP-D-TA_____________________6.ADDRESS (Cft State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (Cfty, State, and ZIP Code)

U.S. Az1W Dxgway Proving Groundtxrjday, Utah 84022-5000

8.. NAME OF FUNDING/ISPONSORING 8.OFCE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION(iaplcbe

St. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OP FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRM PROJECT ITASK IWORK UNIT

ELM 1O NO. NO. ~ ACCESSION NO

I1I TITLE (include Securnty Classfication) --

Reliability of M256 Chemical Agent Detector Kit atEnvirorlentaltue________ _____

12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Rasedcardran, C.K.

1 3a. TYPE (F gEPQRT 13b. TIME COVERED A14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Mont, Day) S. PAGE COUNTTechnicalI FROM Orrent TO 1988 wxa 13

16 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

17. COSATI CODES is. SUBJECWERMS (Continue on reverse IN nocezay an identify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP aimical warfare, dmaical, agent detecticn, nerve agent,,

blister agent, blood agent, Wf(dttector kit, Jes~i&

19 As'TRAd 1Continue on reverse if necessary and Identf by block number)

The M256 chemical agent detector kit is used to detect and classify hazardousconcentrations of nerve, blister, and blood agents in vapor and liquid states.This device has been tested and shown to be reliable in a wide range of climaticconditions. However, at extreme cold temperatures, the kit needs to be kept warmto ensure that all of the reagents are in 'a liquid state. In hot climates, theevaporation of the reagents can become a problem ~especially when the wind velocityis high.

Instruction on the use of the M256 kit under extreme temperatures are given inOperator's Manual, TM 3-6665-307-10 (September 1985). The instructions given inF74 3-4 to discard the frozen kit is wrong. The kits can be used after they are

20. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT p21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONOjUNCLASSIFIEOAJNLIMrrED 03 SAME AS RPT. C3 pTic USERS - NW.ASSIF=m.

'22. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (include Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOLC.K. Ramadiandran 1 (8011 R11=-Q.7 I IT~nRW

DD FORM 1473,.84 MAR 83 APR edition may be used until ehausted. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEAll other editions are obsolete.-

COREWORD

This study was prepared in compliance with the requirements of ROTEProject 1M465710D049, and deals with the reliability of the M256 ChemicalAqent Detector Kit under potential operational environments. A briefdescription of the chemical reactions involved in the detection mechanismis included for general information.

The report was prepared by Chittoor K. Ramachandran, Technical Analysisand Information Office, U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah. The authorwishes to thank Dr. David R. Browning of Bendix Environmental Systems,Dr. Robert Eckhaus of United States Army Chemical Research and DevelopmentCenter and Dr. Kenneth S.K. Chinn of the Technical Analysis Office, DugwayProving Ground for their invaluable help.

Comments and suggestions regarding the adequacy or accuracy of thecontents of this document should be addressed to Commander, U.S. Army Dugway

Proving Ground, ATTN: STEDP-SD-TA, Dugway, UT 84022, AV 789-3371.

Accession Pox'

NTIs RAIDTIC TABUnannouncedJustificatio.

Distribution/Availability Codes

AvR and/orDist Speolal

(2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

FOREWORD i

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES iv

2 EVALUATION OF THE M256 KIT..................... 1

2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION. *............ 0*@ ~******* 1

2.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS.. ......................... 4

2.*3 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTIN.................. - . . .... 4

2.4 OPERATION OF M256 KIT UNDER EXTREME TEMPERATURE ............ 5

3 CURRENT STATUS OF CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTION ................. 8

4 EEECS.......... 0

LIST OF. TABLES AND.JIGURES

Table Page No-

1 Chemical Warfare Agent Detectabl'e by the A4256 Kit............ 2

2 Performance of i'he '4256 Kit in a Desert Envi6ronment......... 6

3 Performance of thee M256 Kit in a Tropical Envi roh me'nt.'....... .. 7

4 Reliability of the V26A1 (M256E1) 9 9

Figure

1 M256 Chemical Agent Detector Kit (Front View)..........;.......... 3

2 Sampler - Detector (Protective Bag Re3oved)...... 3

iv

1. INTRODUCTION

In battles involving chemical warfare (CW) agents, detection andidentification of the agents in the environment is essential. Althoughprotective garments and masks can provide soldiers with adequate protection,they drastically hamper the soldiers' normal operations. It is thereforeadvisable to determine whether CW agents are present in the enviromnent sothat the soldie r can assume a protective posture appropriate for thesituation. The current method of detecting chemical agents is by the use ofthe M256 chemical agent detector kit (M256 Kit), which identifies blister,nerve, and blood agents.

The M256 kit is crucial for the operation of the combat force in achemically contaminated environment. Since this device is used primarily asan $fall clear"6 indicator, if it fails to detect the agents present in theenvironment, casualties can ensue. On the other hand, a false positiveindication will cause the needless burden of assuming a protective posturethat will reduce the efficiency of the soldier. Also, since exposure for longperiods to chemicals in sublethal amounts can be hazardous, periodicmonitoring using the M256 kit is essential following a chemical attack.

In compliance with the requirement of RDTE Project IM465710D049, thisstudy was undertaken to investigate the effect of exposure of the M256 kit toextreme climatic conditions on its sensitivity and reliability in detecting CWagents. Such information was warranted mainly because the climatic conditiondnd the terrain at which the U.S. soldiers may have to confront a chemicalattack remains uncertain. Since detection is based on chemical reactionsbetween the CW agents and the specific reagents provided in the 'ready to use'ampoules of the kit, a brief review of the chemical reactions involved isgiven in this report. Detailed information on the chemistry and theengineering aspects of the kit are available in References 1 and 2.

2. EVALUATION OF THE M256 KIT

2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The M256 kit has two ccmiponents, a booklet of M8 paper (ABCVGH-M8), whichdetects liquid chemical agents, and a sampler/detector, which is designed todetect and identify agent vapors. This report will discuss only the vapordetection mechanism. The sampler/detector part of the kit has been designedto detect three main classes of CW agents. Table I lists the agent vapor thatcan be detected by the device.

The packaged reagents are premixed in finger-crushable glass ampoules andthe individual tests are carried out at designated spots on the sampler

wdiscs. Fiyures 1 and 2 show the design of the kit. The layout of thesampler/detector is noteworthy in that special care has been taken to avoidinterference between the tests for various agents. Since the detectionmechanism of the kit is based on chemical and enzymatic reactions, a briefexamination of the reactions is pertinent.

1

TABLE 1. Chemical Warfare Age nt$s Detectable by the M256 Kit

DetectableAgent Concentration

(miqfm3 ) _____

Nerve

VX 0.10 + 0.02

G 0.05 + 0.01

Blood

Hydrogen Cynanide (AC) 9.0 + 2.0

Cyanogen Chloride (CK) 9.0 + 2.0

Blister

Lewisite (L) 9.0 + 5.0

Mustard (H) 2.0 + 1.0

Phosgene Oxime (CX)

2

IM 3-6115-30~1O1

IDENTIFICATION ANDINSTRUCTIONAL DATA ACM G

SHOULDER CHEMICAL AGENT

~'STRAP, DETECTOR PAPER

DETECTORS

OPAATIEA

FASTENRNTAP

TM 3-6665-307-1S.

IrPOPNPSITRAP TOPc

FASTENER TAPEI

Figur 1.O M25V6 Chmcl Agent tco i fotve) ReprTodue fro

BIISTBUSTINGENT *

AMPOULESABLEOLOOG AGETAC01ENTTA

,(%TLE SPT NRV GN

ASML LEWISITE TAB ET SO

Fiqure~~~~~~~~~~~IIST 2. SmlrDDeetr(rTECTIvebgrmvd.GerdcdfoTM 3-666/307L10

3 IGE

2.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS

a. Nerve Agents

The M256 kit detects G and V agents by taking advantage of the competitionof these agents for the active site of the enzyme acetyicholinesterase withthe substrate 2,6-dichlorophenol acetate (2,6-DIPA). In the absence of nerveagent, acetylcholinesterase (immobilized on a filter paper spot) converts 2,6-DIPA into 2,6-dichlorophenol, a compound that is blue in color. If either Gor V agent is present it will tie up the enzyme, which will then not beavailable to react with 2,6-DIPA to form the blue color. The test is carriedout on the filter paper spot. Tris buffer and 2,6-DIPA are provided in twoseparate ampoules.

b. Blood Agents

A pink or blue color complex is formed when CK (cyanogen chloride) reactswith 4-benzylpyridine and barbituric acid. If the agent AC (hydrogen cyanide)is present, it is converted to CK by the sodium hypochlorite solution providedin one of the ampoules. In the sampler/detector, the reaction test spot isimpregnated with barbituric acid, and the 4-benzylpyridine is provided in anampoule. When the reagents are mixed, the color change indicates the presenceof CK or AC in the air. In the absence of the agents, the test spot remainscolorl ss.

c. Blister Agents

Mustard gas (H) can be detected because of its reaction with a methanolicsolution of DB-3 [4-(4'-nitrobenzyl)pyridineJ in the presence of a catalyst,mercuric cyanide. The product of this reaction then reacts with potassiumcarbonate to form an intense blue-purple color. A similar reaction occurswhen phosgene oxime (CX) is present, the final color being pink or red. Bothof these reactions are faster at elevated temperatureos; therefore, a chemicalheating component (cupric chloride and aluminum powder) is included in thekit.

d. Lewisite

The test for lewisite involves the reaction between lewisite and Michler'sthioketone [4,4-bis (dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone]. The reagent isimmobilized in an inert carrier and extruded into a crayon. The crayon whensmeared into a white background turns olive-drab green when lewisite ispresent.

2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING

The design and sensitivity of the chemical reactions of the M256 kit havebeen subjected to a number of tests, and tests were used in makingmodifications. The problems encountered during the developmental stages ofthe kit are summarized by Turner et al. (Ref. 2). These aspects are beyondIthe scope of this report and therefore not discussed.

4

In a study conducted at Yuma Proving Ground (Ref. 3), 1256 Kits were sub-jected to a iO-day field-cdrry test; the samplers were then challenged witheither CW agent or a control substitute at hot and humid conditions. Tests tomeasure tne responses to each agent were then carried out. Tne results aregiven in Table 2. The samplers responded properly to all CW agents. Allresponses were negative for tne control tests. From this test it was conclu-ded that at intermediate hot-dry (520C) conditions, the :125b Kit is reliable.

In a separate study conducted by U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground (Ref. 4),90-day field-carried Kits (at Tropic Test Center) were exposed to hot-wet con-ditions. The results are presented in Table 3. Sampler response was examinedwhen the temperature was 350C and tne relative humidity, 74 percent. All oftie samplers showed proper responses indicating that at this environmentalcondition, the M256 kit is reliable.

A test on the operation of the 142o6 Kit was also carried out in coldweather conditions (tle temperature ranged from -38 to 9"C) (Ref. 6). It wasnoticed that false-positive nerve agent responses could occur when theatmospleric temperature was -90C or below. Several ampoules were frozen whenstored at -20°C. Although at cold temperatures tne immooilizedacetylcholinesterase (on the reaction pad) was stable, a decrease in theenzyme activity may be expected.

2.4 OPERATION OF M266 KIT UNDER EXTREME TEMPERATURE

The reliability of the H256 kit appears to be good at high environmentaltemperatures. However, one needs to be cautious in using the kit at anextremely hot, dry condition, for example in the Middle East where high windscan be associated with toe high temperature. The liquid reagents areessential for the color development (for a period of about 20 minutes);inowever, wind will cause tiie reagents to evaporate quickly. This problem maybe minimized by placing the kit in an open box protected from direct wind.

As indicated, cold temperatures can adversely affect the 1256 kit. Thearctic wind can bring the temperature suDstantially below the freezing pointof the reagents and impair tne use of the kit.

In the technical manual (TM) for Chemical Agent Detector Kit, M256 (TM3-6665-107-10-Ref. 6), information concerning low temperature operation is asfoi lowvs:

"When the temperature is below freezing, the sealed protec-tive bag containing tne samples must be warmed (in a shelter,venicle, or within the operator's clotning) until the liquidreagents in toe ampoules are no longer frozen. After the bagsare opened and examined, tne samples are warmed again in theoperator's clothing without contaminating it. if tie tempera-ture is below 50 F (10 C) wait for five minutes before readingtoe color. Wait for two minutes after conducting tests toobserve color comparison."

The recently revised TO (TM 3-6665-307-1l-Ref.7) also instructs thatfrozen reagents nave to je thawed completely before the kit is used.

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However, tile instructions given in a recently publisiied fiela iariual(F1 3-4) on NBC Protection are somewhat misleading. Field Manual 3-4 (Ref. J)emphasizes the need to take special precautions when ti~e 11256 kit has to beused in arctic weatner where temperatures can be very low. it instructs:"(when the temperature is -15°F (-260 C) or below), tile solutiuns in tilecapsules freeze, and tile solutions will not work even if reheated." Thisstatement places severe restrictions on the use of i 12G: kit in cold weatiler.It also contradicts the instructions given in thle technical manual (Ref. 7).In the environmental tests carried out prior to the type classification oftnis kit (Ref. o), no impairment in the function was noticed followingexposure to extreme cold weather. Therefore, the instructioi given in FVI -4is not correct. It is recomended that appropriate changes be made in F r 3-4on page B-3.

The technical manual (Ref. 7) cautions tnat at a ,igH temperature aid lowhumidity (desert conditions), tne nerve agent spot may dry up aid it istherefore necessary to rewet the spot oy squeezing ampoule i to deliver a fewmore drops of the buffer.

At a high temperature and high humidity (tropic) conditions, the colorproduced by lewisite may be very faint. Therefore, before a judgement ismade, this test should be repeated. Also, under tropic conditions a fointblue color may appear even in the absence of the blister agent (Ref. /).

3. CURRENT STATUS OF CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTIO14

Tile i02-6 kit has been subjected to a number of tests and many alterationsin the engineering and the detection procedures nave been made to make toiskit as reliable as possible. Tne environmental condition that will mostimpair its function in detecting nerve agents is extreme cold weather.However, because the primary use of the kit is as an "all clear" indicatorrather than as a warning sign, tile soldiers should have time to brinlg the kitto a warm temperature before the test is done. Moreover, tile testing can berepeated to confir the results.

A critical evaluation of tile usefulness of M2b6 kit is warranted. As tiletest is uased on the color reactions and visual judgement, huaan error ispossible. This is especially true in night-time operations. In addition,color blind soldiers may find it difficult to use this kit.

Altnough tile Army has accepted tile 1.1256 kit, tie Kit nas not alet severalof the original requirements for the detection of VX, as stated in thematerial needs (see Ref. 8). Studies have snown t, at miosis could occur atnerve agent concentrations uelow the VX detection levels of tile kit.Recently, with the use of eel acetylcholinesterase, the sensitivity of tileimproved version of tile 14256 (M256Al, during experimental stages tile kit wasnamed 4266El) can detect concentrations of (6 egent at O.0O5 mg/m3 and of VXat 0.013 mg/m3 witnout making any change in tile original design. Table 4

provides some features on tile reliability of the 125Al kit. As the dataindicate, the IH256Al kit should be reliable even when exposed to battlefieldcontaminants and does not give a false alarm even at extreme temperatures.j 8

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References

1. Browning, 0avid A. Development of the XI0256 Chemical Agent Detector Kit.Prepared by The Bendix Corporation, Contract DAAI5-7/---Uh7 for _ -. ArmyArmament Resedrch dfnd Development Command, Aberdeen Proving 3round, iaryland,December 1977.

2. Turner, R.B., et al. Engineering Development of the 1,125o Chemical AgentDetector Kit. Technical Report ARCSL-TR-172, (U.S. Army Armament Researc,)and Development Command, Aberdeen Proving Groumu, ,Idrylan, December 1J17.

3. Zylstra, D.R. Letter Report, Desert Phase of .T 11 (Envirunmental) Testof the X11256 Chemical Agent Detector Kit. DPG-LR-16-202-J, U.S. Army DugwayP-roving Ground, Dugway, Utah, April 179.

4. Zylstra, D.R. Letter Report Of Tropic Phase of T 11 (Environmental) Testof the X1236 Chemical Agent Detector Kit. DPG-LR-- -,-U.S. Army OujwayProving Ground, Dugway, Utah, June 197-.

5. Zylstra, ).R. Letter Report of Cold Regions Piiase of DT 11(Environmental ) and Agent Ci"a- Tf6- -Mib5 kits for OTITTe-st.DPG-LR-76-202-1, U.S. Army Dugway Proving -round, mugway, Utah, February 1973.

6. Operator's Manual, Detection Kit, Chemical Agent: H125.TMi 3-6665-307-10, January 1979.

7. Operator's Manual, Chemical Agent Detector Kit and i,1256AI.TM 3-6665-JJ7-10, September 1985.

8. Brice, B.A. Independent Evaluation Report for the M256 El, ChemicalAgent Detector Kit, (Product Improvement Project). U.S. Army Test andEvaluation 5R f7, Aberdeen Proviig Ground, I'aryland, Octooer 1984,AD-C035.668. (Classified Secret)

9 Field Manual 3-4, NBC Protection. Headquarters, Uepartment of the Army,Washington, DC, October, 1985.

10

PROJECT D049 DISTRIBUTION LIST

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE COMMANDER IN CHIDFOATSD(AE) (CHEMICAL MATTERS) U.S. EUROPEAN COMMANDWASHINGTON, DC 20301 ATTN: ECJS-N

APO NEW YORK 09128DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEOUSDRE(ELS) COMMANDER IN CHIEF PACIFICROOM 3/D129, PENTAGON ATTN: J5414 (BOX 15)WASHINGTON, DC 20301 CAMP SMITH, HI 96861

ORGANIZATION OF JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF COMMANDER IN CHIEFATTN: J-3 JOD (LTC TRIPLER) U.S. ATLANTIC FLEETWASHINGTON, DC 20301 ATTN: J338 (LTC MILES)

NORFOLK, VA 23511ORGANIZATION OF JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFFCHIEF, CHEMICAL WARFARE BRANCH COMMANDER IN CHIEFNUCLEAR AND CHEMICAL DIV (J-5) U.S. SOUTHERN COMMANDWASHINGTON, DC 20301 ATTN: SCJ$

APO MIAMI, FL 34004DIRECTORDEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COMMANDER IN CHIEFATTN: DT-5A U.S. CENTRAL COMMAND

DX-7B ATTN: CCJS-X (MAJOR ROSS)DB-4G1 MACDILL AFB, FL 33608-7001DB-1B2

WASHINGTON, DC 20301 COMMANDER IN CHIEFU.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND

DIRECTOR ATTN: SOJS-05ARMED FORCES MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER MACDILL AFB, FL 33608ATTN: AFMIC-ZAFORT DETRICK, FREDERICK, MD 21701 COMMANDER

U.S. FORCES KOREASTATE DEPARTMENT ATTN: CJ-PL-NATTN: INR (MR. CROCKER) APO SAN FRANCISCO 96301WASHINGTON, DC 20520

COMMANDERDIRECTOR U.S. FORCES JAPANCENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ATTN: jSATTN: OSWR APO SA4 FRANCISCO !6328WASHINGTON, DC 20506

HQDA (SARD-ZCS) COMMANDERATTN: (MAJ SERGIO) U.S. ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMANDWASHINGTON, DC 20310-0643 ATTN: AMSTE-TE-T

AMSTE-TEHQDA (DAMO-SWC) ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005ATTN: LTC BROWN

DR. ROBERT E. BOYLE COMMANDERWASHINGTON, DC 20310-0102 U.S. ARMY TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND

ATTN: ATCD-NHQDA (DASG-HCD-D) ATCD-TATTN: CPT ENG FORT MONROE, VA 236515109 LEESBURG PIKEFALLS CHURCH, VA 22041-3258 COMMANDER

U.S. ARMY FORCES COMMANDCOMMANDER IN CHIEF ATTN: AFOP-TNU.S. ARMY EUROPE FORT MCPHERSON, GA 30330ATTN; AEAGC-NC-CAPO NEW YORK 09403 COMMANDER

U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH ANDU.S. ARMY MATERIEL COMIMAND DEVELOPMENT COMMANDATTN; AMCCN-M (MR. KOGER) ATTN: SGRD-PLE

AMCCN-C FORT DETRICK, FREDERICK, MD 21701-50125001 EISENHOWER AVEALEXANDRIA, VA 22333-0001

II

COMMANDER COMMANDERU.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE U.S. ARMY NATICK RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT

OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE AND ENGINEERING CENTERATTN: SGRD-UV-RO ATiTN: STRNC-AC (MR. MALABARBA)ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010-5425 STRNC-I (MR. WAJDA)

STRNC-U (MR. ALVES)COMMANDER STRNC-YA (DR HERZ)U.S. ARMY AVIATION SYSTEMS COMMAND STRNC-W (NR. MILER)ATTN: AMCPM-ALSF-D (LTC GRIFFIN) NATICK, MA 017604300 GOODFELLOW BOULEVARDST. LOUIS, MO 63120 COMMANDER, USAJFKSWC

ATTN: ATSU-CD-CS (MAJ FUNDERBURG)COMMANDER FORT BRAGG, NC 28307-5000U.S. ARMY WESTERN COMMANDATTN: APOP-NC DIRECTOR

APLG-MU U.S. AAMY MATERIEL SYSTEMSFORT SHAFTER, HI 96858 ANALYSIS ACTIVITY

ATTN: AMXSY-CRCOMMANDER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005-5071U.S. ARMY LOGISTICS CENTERATTN: ATCL-MN DIRECTORFORT LEE, VA 23801 U.S. ARMY BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY

ATTN: AMDAR-BLV=R/BDP (DR. WICK)COMMANDER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005CHEMICAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT

AND ENGINEERING CENTER PRESIDENTATTN: SMCCR-TD U.S. ARMY AIRBORNE BOARD

SMCCR-ST ATTN: ATXA-BDT/BDPSMCCR-RSP FORT BRAGG, NC 28307SMCCR-PPDSMCCR-SPS-IL COMMANDERSMCCR-OPR (P. SLYGH) U.S. ARMY CHEMICAL SCHOOLTECHNICAL LIBRARY ATTN: ATZN-CM-NF (MAJOR EVANS) (25 copies)

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 FORT MCCLELLAN, AL 36205

U.S. ARMY COLD REGION RESEARCH COMMANDERAND ENGINEERING LABORATORY U.S. ARMY ARMOR & ENGINEER BOARD

ATTN: LOUISE V. PARKER ATTN: ATZK-AE-TRHANOVER, NH 03755 FORT KNOX, KY 40121-5470

COMMANDER COMMANDANTU.S. ARMY TRADOC ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCESATTN: ATZL-TIE ATTN: HSA-CDBFORT LEAVENWORTH, KS 66027-5130 FORT SAM HOUSTON, TX 78234

COMMANDER COMMANDERU.S. ARMY TRANSPORTATION CENTER JOINT TASK FORCE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF

AND FORT EUSTIS CHEMICAL CAPABILITYATTN: ATSP-PD-C (CHEMICAL OFFICER) ATTN: CSTE-CHEMCAPFORT EUSTIS, VA 23604 5600 COLUMBIA PIKE

FALLS CHURCH, VA 22041-5115COMMANDERU.S. ARMY AVIATION CENTER COMMANDERATTN: ATZQ-D-MS U.S. ARMY OPERATIONS TEST ANDFORT RUCKER, AL 36362 EVALUATION AGENCY

ATTN: CSTE-CS (LTC UPTONCOMMANDER 5600 COLUMBIA PIKEU.S. ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND THREAT FALLS CHURCH, VA 22041-5115

ANALYSIS CENTERATTN: AIAIT-WT, BLDG 203, STOP 314 PRESIDENTWASHINGTON NAVY YARD U.S. ARMY COMMUNICATIONS ANDWASHINGTON, DC 20374 ELECTRONICS BOARD

ATTN: ATZH-BDCOMMANDER FORT GORDON, GA 30905U.S. ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER COMMANDERATTN: AIAST-RA-IDI (MR. GOLDBERG) U.S. ARMY NUCLEAR AND CHEMICAL AGENCY220 SEVENTH STrEET NE ATTN: MONA-NUCHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22901 MONA-CM (MR. MCGEE)

MONA-WECOMMANDER MONA-SALU.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE 7500 BACKLICK ROAD (BLDG 2073)

OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SPRINGFIELD, VA 22150FORT DETRICK, FREDERICK, MD 21701

12

COMMANDER COMMANDANTU.S. ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE COMMAND U.S. ARMY AVIATION LOGISTICS SCHOOLATTN: AMSTA-NR (LTC NOTEBLOOM) ATTN: ATSQ-CDM )CPT BLASE)WARREN, MI 48397-5000 FORT EUSTIS, VA 23604

DETACHMENT 63 5TH SPECIAL FORCES GROUP (A)INDIAN HEAD, MD 20640-5099 ATTN: AFVX-SFA-NBC

FORT BRAGG, NC 28307COMMANDERU.S. ARMY DEVELOPMENT 1ST SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND

AND EMPLOYMENT AGENCY (AIRBORNE)ATTN: MODE-FSD-SV (MAJ WILSON) ATTN: AFVX-GC-NBC (MAJ WOJCICKI)FORT LEWIS, WA 98433-5000 FORT BRAGG, NC 28307

COMMANDER COMMANDANTU.S. ARMY TRADOC SYSTEMS U.S. ARMY FIELD ARTILLERY SCHOOL

ANALYSIS AGENCY ATTN: ATSF-CD-W (2 copies)ATTN: ATOR-TDB FORT SILL, OK 73503WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE, NM 88002

COMMANDANTPRESIDENT U.S. ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOLU.S. ARMY ARMOR AND ENGINEER BOARD ATTN: ATSH-CD-MLS-C (2 copies)ATTN: ATZK-AE-TR FORT BENNING, GA 31905FORT KNOX, KY 40121-5470

4

HQ USAP HQ AF SPACE COMMANDATTN: XOORB ATTN: DO^

XOXFM PETERSON AFB, CO 80914-5001WASHINGTON, DC 20330

COMMANDERHQ USAFE HQ ALASKA NORA) REGIONATTN: DEK ATTN: AAC/DOSN

DOQ ELMENDORF AFB, AK 99506-5000APO NEW YORK 09012-5001

HQ AFSCHQ PACAF ATTN: SGBATTN: DOX TEV

XPX TEOXHICHAM AFB, HI 96853-5001 ANDREWS AFB, MD 20334-5000

HQ AFIS/INKTC HQ ANGSC/DOSWASHINGTON, DC 20330-5110 ANDREWS AFB, MD 20331-6008HQ SACATTN: XPHV (MR. STRUCK) HQ AFTEC/TEL

DO8X KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117OFFUTT AFB, NE 68113-5001

HQ AFCC/CFSRHQ MAC SCOTT AFB, IL 62225-5001ATTN: XOND (MAJ STEINER) (4 copies)

XPQ HQ NORAD/jS1CNSGPB CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN COMPLES, CO 80914-5061

SCOTT AFB, IL 62225-5001HQ APIS/INT

HQ TAC BOLLING AFB, DC 20332ATTN: DRP

DOXS HQ ATC/DORDLGW RANDOLPH AFB, TX 78150-5001

LANGLEY AFB, VA 23665-5001USAF TAWS/THLO

HQ AFRES/DOH EGLIN AFB, FL 32542ROBINS AFB, GA 31098-6001

AD/YOUSAFALCENT/TE EGLIN AFB, FL 32542ATTN:, MAJ MILLERPOPE AFB, NC 28308-5000 HQ ASD

ATTN: AESHQ ESC/DOM XRMKELLY AFB, TX 78243-500C EN

WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433

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HQ AFLC AFDPRC/PRATTN: LOC LOWRY AFB, CO 80238-5000

XOWWRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433-5001 COMMANDER

23RD AIR FORCECOMMANDING GENERAL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB ATTN: DOXPAFAMRL/HE (CLYDE REPLOGLE) HURLBURT, FL 32542-5000DAYTON, OH 45433

COMMANDERFTD/NISS (TQTR) AIR FORCE SPECIAL OPERATIONS SCHOOLATTN: SHERRY JENNINGS HURLBURT, FL 32542-5000WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433

USAFSAM/VNCAMD/RDSM BROOKS AFB, TX 78236AMD/RDTKAMD/RDSX 3460 TCHTG/TTMTDBROOKS AFB, TX 78235 LOWRY AFB, TX 78235

OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS COMMANDERATTN: OP-703E (LT CDR STRIDE) NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTERWASHINGTON, DC 20350 ATTN: CODE 60B (DeSIMONE)

WARMINISTER, PA 18974COMMANDER IN CHIEFU.S. NAVY EUROPE COMMANDERATTN: N5 NAVAL WEAPONS CENTERFPO NEW YORK 09510-0151 CODE 4071

CHINA LAKE, CA 93555BUREAR OF MEDICINE AND SURGERYCODE 5512, ROOM 7801, BLDG 7 NAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTERNAVY DEPARTMENT CODE G50 (MR. CULBERTSON)

CODE H31WASHINGTON, DC 20372 CODE H31 (MR. YENCHA)

DAHLGREN, VA 22448COMMANDER IN CHIEF PACIFIC FLEETPEARL HARBOR, HI 96860 COMMANDING OFFICER

NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORYNAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND HQ CODE 5082 (R.A. LAMONTAGNE)ATTN: AIR (MR. MANYAK) CODE 6182 (TAYLOR)WASHINGTON, DC 20361 WASHINGTON, DC 20375-5000

COMMANDER COMMANDERNAVAL SPECIAL WARFARE CENTER NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMANDCORONADO, CA 92155-5000 CODE 0621E (T.C. ALDRIDGE)

220 STOVALL STREETALEXANDRIA, VA 22332

NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMANDATTN: SEA 05R (DR. GLORIA PATTON) COMMANDING OFFICERWASHINGTON, DC 20362-5101 NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

CODE LOSAB (LAMBIOTTI)COMMANDER NAVAL AIR FORCE PORT HUENEME, CA 93043U.S. PACIFIC FLEETNAVAL AIR STATION, NORTH ISLAND HUMAN FACTORS LABORATORYSAN DIEGO, VA 92135 ATTN: J. DRISKELL4 NAVAL TRAINING EQUIPMENT CENTERCOMMANDER NAVAL SURFACE FORCE ORLANDO, FL 32813U.S. PACIFIC FLEETNAVAL AMPHIBIOUS BASE CORONADO COMMANDING OFFICERSAN DIEGO, CA 92155 NAVAL TRAINING SYSTEMS CENTER

CODE N712 (R. CARSON)COMMANDER SEVENTH FLEET ORLANDO, FL 32813FPO SAN FRANCISCO, CA 96601

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT CENTERCOMMANDER THIRD FLEET ATTN: DA-3112PEARL HARBOR, HI 96860 CODE 433

4301 SUITLAND ROADCOMMANDER, AMPHIBIOUS GROUP TWO SUITLAND, MD 20390-5140ATTN: N33FPO NEW YORK 09501 COMMANDER

NR RADCWERTLANT 108COMMANDER TRAINING COMMAND ATTN: NMCRCU.S. PACIFIC FLEET 12 MEADOW STREETSAN DIEGO, CA 92147 CHATTANOOGA, TN 37405

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COMMANDANT U.S. MARINE CORPS USMC DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION COMMANDATTN: POG-S DEVELOPMENT CENTER

APW ATTN: DOgi/NBC (MAJOR POTOCKI)ROOM 2318 ARLINGTON ANNEX DOSARLINGTON, VA 20380 QUANTICO, VA 22134

COMMANDING GENERAL USMC LIAISON OFFICER TO TECOMFLEET MARINE FORCES PACIFIC ATTN: AMSTE-MLCAMP H.M. SMITH, HI 96861 ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005

DIRECTOR COMMANDERCENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL 2ND INFANTRY DIVISIONATTN: LOGGING CONTROL OFFICER 1/B413 ATTN; EAID-CM

(for ASST DIR, EDWIN K. GRAY) APO SAN FRANCISCO 96224-0289ATLANTA, GA 30333

BATTELLE - EDGEWOOD OPERATIONS 25TH INFANTRY DIVISIONATTN: F.T. CRIMMINS, DIR CBIAC ATTN: APVG-PC-CM2113 EMMORTON PARK ROAD SCHOFIELD BARRACKS, HI 96857-6000EDGEWOOD, MD 21040

ADMINISTRATORDEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER (2 copies)CAMERON STATIONALEXANDRIA, VA 22314

COMMANDERU.S. ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUNDATTN: STEDP-SD-TA (2 copies)

STEDP-SD-TA-F (6 copies)STEDP-MT-TM-CB

DUGWAY, UTAH 84022-5000

15

REPLY TO ATIENTION OF

RDCB-DPS-RS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY US ARMY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND

EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER 5183 BLACKHAWK ROAD

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010-5424

MEMORANDUM THRU Director, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, (RDCB-D/Mr. ~ G.- 111 1!:, 'I ()(./( \ Joseph Wienand), 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving GrOlmd, Maryland 21010-5424 .,

FOR Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060

SUBJECT: Internal Request for Change in Distribution

1. This action is in response to an Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) Internal Request for a Change in Distribution on documents related to chemical detectors.

2. The listed documents in the attachment have b~en reviewed by ECBC Subject Matter Experts and deemed suitable for the change in distribution to read "Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited."

3. The point of contact is Adana Eilo, ECBC Security Specialist, (410) 436-2063 or adana.l.eilo.civ@mail.mil.

Encl ~(€p Acting Security and Surety Manager

Printed on ® Recycled Paper

Chemical Detector References

[1] Katzoff, Lionel and Razulis, Marie, Technical Report March 1981- September 1983, · CRDEC-TR-86041, "Engineering Development of the Simulator, Detector Tickets, Chemical

Agent: Training M256 (TRAINS), June 1986, UNCLASSIFIED, Distribution B, U.S. Gov't Agencies Only.

[2] Ecklmus, Robe1i, Technical Report May 1981-June 1984, CRDEC-TR-87054, "Product Improvement Program to Increase the Nerve Agent Sensitivity of the M256 Chemical Agent Detector Kit," June 1987, UNCLASSIFIED, Distribution B, U.S. Gov't Agencies Only.

[3] Ramachandran, C.K., Technical Report February 1988, DPG/TA-88/07, "Reliability of M256 Chemical Agent Detector Kit at Extreme Environmental Temperatures," February 1988, UNCLASSIFIED, Distribution B, U.S. Gov't Agencies Only.

[4] Schwartz, Laura W., Packard, Michael T., Holmes, Celestine T., and McDowell, Charles J., Technical Rep01i April-November 1971, ED-TR-7 40 18, "Evaluation of M 15 /M 18 Enzyme Detector Ticket System with Concentrations ofGB, June 1974, UNCLASSIFIED, Distribution C, U.S. Gov't Agencies/Contractors.