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Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't.agencies only; Test and Evaluation; JUN1962. Other requests shall be referred toCommanding General, Army BallisticResearch Lab. ATTN: AMXBR-SS. AberdeenProving Ground, MD 21005.

AUTHORITYUSABRL notice, 30 Oct 1975; USARDEC/AMSRDltr, 14 Oct 2005

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~SOC ETIi a ia a h N ' THIS 1YOCUM4?E'T CONSISTS Or 5 PAGE

11i iit,

MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. 1409JUNE 1962

ESTIMATED INCAPACITATION PROBABILITIES OF

CAL.IBER .14 BULLETS (Ul

Chester GrabarekAnthony Ricchiazzi

Dennis Dunn

VW4 Department of the Army Project Ili 503-04-010Ordnance Management Structure Code No. 5010. 11.817

CVW BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLANDDOWNGRADED AT 12 YAR INTDERVAL.S;NOTI AUTOMATICALLY DECIAE3SIP'IED.

SECRET PO I 5200.10

BestAvai~lable

Copy

IRr:ain .or d-.troy per AR 380-5 and AR 345420, or comp%7r-

I te Na.tvv wr AF lt.et,,Oti',rt.m. Contrar-tors should consulttheirgv.-rtime..n't c:sntra'tinb. ,ffiL .-to rardlnjg proctd.sres to be(Wowr0.,d. DO .NOT RI-T'/'%'•*

A17I'A AVAIIATILITY NOTICE

quai.Ixi'ed rth(juv t*or. may -t't i , euple of this report from ASTIA.

This document contains information affecti,ýg Lhe national defeuse of'.

the United States within the meaning of the Etpionage Laws, Title 18U. S. C. Sections 793 and794. The transmission or the revelation o1 itscontents In any marmier to an unauthorized person Is prohibited by law.

ThMsu V'1ftiLj;:L .L[ tlih I rujXJL,', uvu :ut -t LUc construed,u-- 141 cA::.L12L I1.'tK-prtwut u,' it, Ariry position.

S;7 :pc 4 N A HC 1! L A BOR A TOR IE S

M~.~MORDIDU l IJ OKI NO. L409

JUWE 19U.,

ESTIMATIT iNCAPAC11PATTON PROTIABILITIES, OFCALIB1ll .14 BULL=i~ (U)

Anthorq 1RiachiazziX-cilu~ Dunn

To rminul BL4 t.lAlc:- Laboratory

Departumr-ni of7 the Army P~o~oct No. -,O3-04i-01OOvdnancf.- Mnru~ymnt .1thr1ct12re Codet No. 5ý010.11.817

ABERDREN PROVING; OROUND, MARYLAND

SECRET

13 A ." T I C It V U E A R C 11 L A B O0 A T OR I E S

Mi~HOHANDUN tdlP•frr NO. 1409

",I"t'• /AJRiCCh1azzl/D•un/iCAberdeen Proving Ground, Md.June 1962

STIMAT.yD INCAPACITATION PROBABILI&S, OFcALum . 14 BummoT (u)

OJNCLASSIFIED) ABIMACTP"-A Caliber . 14 up.n-stabli,,ed pro lectills were fired into gelatin aMn

measurements of th- los6s it vuloc,',y o:" •hu projoctiles wer._- obtained.The yaw angle at impact and the 'Q .;rking velocity were vur-ed$l .•wererelated to the enerey absorbed by the gelatijn. The probability of in-capacitation as a function of range was computed. Mhe efftc- of twedir"erent nose shap•s on the probability of incapacitation was studied.

SECRET

(uN,•,,,SI•IED) TABLE 0[, CONTENT'" .....

Page

LIS':.':'c l ,.L.... . . . . . . . . . . . 6

.~I~•'PO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .

PROWC-lIUW FOR ETTIMATING THE VALUE OF Pk. . . ...... ...

E!PER-WNTAL CONDITIONS .... . .... ......... 9

.iL',r.14 Barrol And Cartridge C .- ...... 9

Caliber .VIt Projectile-: ................... 9

Pange Setup . . . . . . .. . ..... • • 9

MEAN DRAG COEFFICIENT IN GELATIN ........................... . . 10

PEJLTS FOR TIM 7-. CALIBER OGIVE BULLET. . . .. 12

EnerLy Loss As A Function Of Striking Velocity ........... 12And Yaw Angle At Impact

Yaw As A Function Of Range . . . . .. .... . . . . 13

The Velocity-Range Relation ........ ................ ... 13

Probability Of Incapacitatiug Personnel . . . . . . . . . 13

EI,-E '' OF NOSE SiPE ON P.h ....... .. . . ... . . . . . . . . 15

.'..ENCES .. .......................... ........ 17

DISTRIBUTION LIST............ . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 29

! . . . . . . .

(u•ei;wnIFI., LIST OF SYMBOLS

.. •VI (.-.r J.out; o blitl let in traversing the fiirct 6" of gelatin.

AV veloclty loss of bullet in travereing the first 6" of gelatin.8 t-u -1, of yaw.

6 - tl•-lu of yaw W't. imnxtt.

V Vuwlocity oC' 1111CL.

V - utrikitiL velocity of bullet.

- range.

p = density of gelatin.

d = diameter of bullet.

KD,; = drac coefficient- based on d-, in gelatin.

"mean value of K,,. averaep-d over 6" of travel in gelatin.AD6

K - dxr'.g coeffcin-ý, ba-ud on d7, in air.Dam = mas- o1 bullet.

x = distance penetrated in Lelatin.

Phk - probability that u hit incapacitautes.

cONFDENTrA

(c•N •.;HA.D•.A,) IIZTODUrTION

Recunt udvanceu in barrel fabrication at the Springifeld Armory

have made vut"siblu the production o. a few test rifle barrels of O.lli-inch

!)or%!. Tlorctle1cy, the 1.Lu1-per. fei. c1Vtivnnes of a smalI bulletSu ttractivei. ConsPquently, the ' .)rfulfield im-ory requested BIM to

invezti gate the capabilit"._s oi calib•r .14 bullets against pIrscnmel

targets. A preitmlnary investitution was made using gelatin targets.

The _eoult:, are given in this report.

CONFIDENTIAL

NT O M:l IXJRi E FOR 11rIM MA4 IN( '1 E'f VAL E OIY P k

P1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~1 :mb.I 4i~.it ~Ielv i ~ ui.lut deipefcluA on I~to ir.113.

l#1LNA)Uki I I ty .41. WtriOlft Mt.-i" L:. PIp I U. tprotutbili~ty iz thL. product ofV

Itu hI I pri.1A&Lil~iLy, Wh.ich 1, 4:Lvtuj~fkv-l by ILL; ac~urcy, arid LhL-

jIsrIRWHAL y Uutt. -t 101. i .t. .. In !.Ai PI.Oprl; vvu utre not conskider-

lilt; 'wet.LJL .:111;W." Ill h Mw1.? i:%ji~tu.Lt.IIA~ prob01)lIIlfty L~hut a

III a i11r:;I. :z~aIproiul i~i.iou, 1.114. vuLL4. P ror u1 bulilut Ia r.:A uattd toit. vin-ery I.:.inz ~~rsi~~ ~tIu oti.z. au.tion, tiven by ~~rzz

bc~w~.I-) %-U vt~r it, P~i~ttu.I)r our btdI~eLz;, which L-umble after entering

6%ail LIilt. ve~vurzf 1n vtr Lttl: t1.r:. vvitiurkVer, whure thu yaw is n imil,

- l. Uu~iigit)I. C~lLAI~leiI.Lywt 4 i:L.tv auw.LUiva thu,ht theuu flrgy 1louz over the

fir.t ZAX biiudi:.a 10 t:kaual LO h .i.t~~ Io.00z b.?wvuu 1. LO 1.) VM.

h rUriuijiv t.eLIjI.t1y v LiurnWlint in udence mexdia.

i~~w~prtJI.(.n~i;L. Lhuu\L>d.i uLhuL Bvyiil~4 Ut ipatL ofa

0.Ji-inieh tiJWI0,t * Wu..;hO(L 1 raL.j 14vYU 119uU imp~act Van

Iflut&;uru~d Luidt Wited:,: lit Lhv *:.viaiin pux-,x~ndiculu~r Lo the path was ob-:

LurV~d. PljuAb . tv ýAjluwI .z1 uVicrc-rv vi d ~:, IiOw the - ruat importance

of h ;niLiaJ. y~tw ulrLj.-A . vh eou'iludu thut. the yaw aIngle at- impact

afut~ thv vfuvrtj in;L i grtiuLliJ.

in ordor to ot-su±iliteL.Z Lit r.ktonfl1I, i p I.-v LeL± Clra lost and rang3e,

&0(,01 fou~r :ii. 'Ljt.jIoL: I i.t. :i p:: U..rv Ph-~d r-L'ct- u are

1. J'h.:I:I~rl2/I ~ C t.14 ILL! .. L LJkthe Cirt.; 6" of .'t

atig u At*:wLctoki uf tw*ý L~tWkjt' Vl(n.vtloi ly, NSE(xrd.

.. I.hu ~ Jo~~i tu '.: 7ILA-tI.M in it~ wiction of the yaw angle

at iIqjAuct, A~~,)

11'[ht: yawj zuul-i,• atf Itirlawt. Iito u Jlianction of' range, 6 1 (R).

AL Tu bti~.ULu I!'iI *11Lyc; a funetion of ranee, V G(R).

The dep)ýnaduncu nt' un.x±*,'y -*oe:; ou Ax~ii.-nt, vV..*1ovLy anid impact; yaw angle,

ZE~va 0 a't:flii. eiIuJ)W*"a.Iy wuu th'ivLrd rulutiona*.ip was

computed from datau 1ur IurC.- `xI-rUjvVLi.L,;L. T1ht? WlO&i ill biullet Ve~locity

with rungv~L 4uL; o1)tajinvu~ by --olI'juii tuIq.L*1uiinien.uit duta 1'rom. ..hrev sources.

SECRET

:.CONFIDENTIALX,

VC0Nl.Tl*3tPAT.) 1-IUM IT CONDMTONS

.~ ~~u~!~L. mr~* , '." wi',wiLi ts Lwi1;t or 1. turn in 4.2" war,111 toltiy rire~ !'!!it, Inaearvt wu: ; to lauinch a 17-grain

:adIa:.~ wu~ uleil1 1 11K I/,% I'he cartridge caue. was a

alk ibi . li Inio"Luct Idlb-, Ft, 3

zia. ~ O tlrc IIFipitrL 4, wire- i'bricated. from 1020 mild

.Autav.1. Cozv. wt,111ii w..: abotit Vi.:' w. (7opj.-r platine', *Lbout .004

I;Uckhtu; thick,. oft Ltht_ ::';..vul con.- inecrtwud the prujectile wei)ibt to about

t~~ %.oinpuri:;on of rs1. two '(.6 2mw. NATO bulleits were used. These~uX*th if'e~~iflM~) .It~dcore)an tai14) (:;t#eul core) bullets.

At :.horL raxiep, vralti-pik opark z.hudowSraph phtotography was used to..--

obti alrt otugrujaks or the projuc~tiie:, in free flit~it before and after

inje ±i- ) % A,6Ic bloi~k, FiL'urv :). From the orthogonal

oqprzuin, Ainduwgruph.; iimmediatel1y Iefrorv ImnpAet, the anglu of yaw at impact

wau obtaincd. '1the reLIsdu.l. vvloavity of the projectile %ae determined from

the mcnautre Lim-* int~ervul wid thai, meas~ured V~ii)It coordinates of Lhe

bi.LLUut in i;pucu iamba-dIatuly behind the ,,ellatiu. Projeetilu vuloctities were

.:oinputed from the zaui~urvd ULme; of VJlitlit over the -I and i:base lines

Figure 5, and wc. ýv corrected LVor air dltuj; to obtain striking velocities.

At runijw. of 100 nuiturs or morv, three iwnilinc screens were used to

obtain thxe vulocity befort: impactL. 11re otriking velocity was determined byL-pplying the drag correction. Behind the gelat'n he lru oi cen

were uved to obtain the path coordinateus, bullet velocity and the velocity

loc~u per root of air travel in the yawed orientation. 'Thie experimental, value

of loco In velocity per foot of travel war, -then Use&%4 to determine the

reziduall velbeity.

CON FIDENTIAL

CON FID~ENTIAL"

t INPI1 DNIi.rA M) mi-amN Ih'kn vol hi urwr '14 N (*A'1IN

V~ -IV K is dV-"

-dalwtv ri, V wi.d ti ;u' Mwi. vt.K-'uti. Ly assI o~iu~tvr, rtupupctive.ly, of the'Iit.1ct *. 1.. 1-- itq duzi:.;D-] !. Ll ~Li;:id X I.:; Ulu dizutuiet.! Nnfetra~ted.

vyivw ri on Lh: 11t:~~ I ll 0zid Ulu L;Clul nUbRI ciurigLA penetratio.Beue

okw btult:!.L twnb.IL*, thu vujlut: Of K D1 wiil vairy wfdLuly during penetration.-Thunt:a vit.WW 11114: L; J skilit-1 i bY lUit *-ajlU±L10iZ

x 0d

lusurting, thusl j---j'tirjtO Ili CquaLiOlu (1), 1Iu. Obtain

rhe vo-lucity mad t:nvvu~iW loi;uu; Lurti

AV (lIi exp (Žlit K D X)l 2

anfd n- mv 2 I - L *l k __ L x)l

All qutuitit'luio, Luxfuuii K bt, 111 Qqu"'.lioz (IA) wure uxperim-ntally deter-

irtlaslia. Jiolvind (J.A) I*l -VLY Kby in±;#*rtiagY eximerinhentuj, values o1' theremainidn partsmeturta, thu valduu of I%juz dut~urmined. The value of±K

~ilucp.*n on thit- impact. arilele or yaw, t.1hu relation between yaw ag~and dzi nctiuis t 1.~sd he ye] oci.Ly :tud iRuynolds number. Howeveri, twocondition.; which uniHp.liy tY tfs dupthndrb-nev oL K~gare appropriate to the

CONFIDENTIAL

.OFDENTIAL-

wulr. i Ili. nii itw 1.1k) I , it lJr mt Is uito owe.:fc~ or tuinb~lim oil

1,) II-- idt 11t- U1, wl voclty utid Reynolod:; numbe-r. In

*.I *t%' LtId 11I,1tot.*, law .1 o j.ti;.i yuw ;ut,.;Lo Eutt diutunreu penetrated

Ilt. jwaud: h 'i1.I t.. l.1y Yun ChIt: :Lurt. I bu I I-t aatuL~i~ic nd Lhu yawau,; t. irmL b~i. I.; iiLC1.~tfLof A-r.rkin1,r vrJOeiLy. Experimental

.,I;Iort. it' 0L~ t. I iurili.I 1 i~'Itj- 1oz I.; ~tLuE iirid(:r 1d!MtJT:P . lIfnce, in

ui. I'proxtlu1irnalTo, K t'ror u 1jviV.fIu b.JleL uver d;.. inche.- Of L'elatin

it ri:;ruon.-! Lc dtpotilii onily on ltj U11- YUWU11.I uL #mpct.

CONFIDENTIAL

SECR~ET

(0cl;Xi'E ,1i.:I.Jil-V 100H~ TILX' 7-5) CAI.ui¶ oAGrV BULLETVi*I-v:tv I'w u; ui F IuariiLb- ot A~rik.int, 'Vtjoci Ly Ulnd Yaw Angle at Impact41

A lawllbtr of Lr-1isj,g. int JAx iuaeljeu of f.tdLLL!.. w.ere made with te7.5

.P.I .ite ; tku~tit i-qjvte j~lo,-4i.LL illdrh~ Lu tignew-;1rt the effect of the

imixweL yaw wq.ý!v -it, Lill-. vuIhcity iu:;t,-!%V, by Ilhe ProjectiLle through

thut iix-iiRietL ~.atbi blviju. I~rt-hu::u LL:s;Ls; the utr kiing velocity, V was 18

Ilelh at, zbokit 3!)"0 ft/Lue. A 1)%L kt' .. INV LLLz LL rwiction, o." h la givien byUhe tappr ---wrvt.: Ofu jiI;Lue VIA'~u V~ Of abou 10,`') ft/sec., Figure tj shows

thtte+ata..~~w &ii a siil'.Iie~wit er~t-T.c on AV when (20

but at :1 < Z) 50 W' tre wa:; IittLlue hazage inl /V. A 90f/ectema

drud coefficiua:t. wuaa eunatputsed by itsJLunu of equution (lA) for thle tumbling

buil.t over its z;Ix-lji',-h j"th til &e1at~ii.- The Izieun drag coefficient, KDis slhowit ol- FI-'twu- (. rti Rul'cveaae 1, K#eiat ;;howu; the-ore'.ically that theI

relatlion Uu,6weL*: yaw aisele and( ditaiev* pe--netruted is, in a first approxi-

watiun, itide.peaistiAt sit*th ofUa;trikijata Velocity. ciiie infers that the curve

of Fignure fvek ~ t i;j-kjwL,, -via.lucleb~ other than 5930 ft/sec.

TO test this ilifou'elice~, "1e tLreII&-utU Ur /1W were made at a striking velocity

. of W380 ft/sec; a curve Predicting vaJ,' i.r o AV based on Figure 7 wan atlsocomputed. The aidreenteitt betweent the(- predicted curve and observed values of

AV is shown by the luwter curve utf Fiiura (.,. We conclude that the curve of

KPFigure I', proviuet; the ba~Lawl C roa which one canl cotap~utei by, means of

EquationsG (2) anid (3). the Liepetideuacc if AV and M.E on striking velocity and

impact yaw au(.ele for thIaJ Liullet. The cutisputedi energy loss at two strrikig

velocities Is 1I.11-strated on, Figure .

To extend thie curve of iF.Lgwju ( ov. to o; 0, firings were conducted

at a real range of 200U meters;. The jueitieatwrd striking und residual velocities

of the bullet over u iiches gFae.Latiaa :.re givea± below for the average of 10

rounds.

I.uz.zJu Veloe:'.ty, ft/sec 4300,1, xikind Velocity, rtl/ec 2C1Resi(1uu! Velocity, ,*t/:3ee,9kAV, ft/sec' 300

Kb, .052

SECRET

Y.LW M d; K f..icn ot' Rann'e

Mu.:tlrem'nit, of !.he yaw antrle in air niar the muvz'.lc resulted in ua

z.Vk'tz1,:- vauo or P. Tit a~veraý yaw was tiwed au the. initial conditionSn t.hhv .x•.L'1zc~Ii. yaw-raniev computation.

,h.Z Mjl)iLtud1e o' t.hle ytW anifL: ,]uCr en"n ".iLL roCgc. For some lareeprojeet.i]4:Lv, (,he dztml.inp; co.lticientt i5 known. For the Caliber .I4 bullet,

Pr. MRyrnar.J Piddin;Lton o;' thli .- ,terior 13all.i.tict Laboratory, iiRL, estimtt.d

tbe yaw anDh'-rongc f, rel.ion baucd upon d :,; "or lar'ger projeetiles. The

!'v.!u..ion i: s hown ou iai•gre 9 i it iu •stinwed that 8 damps to

11e Velocity-i"angc- Relation

Partial information frm three sources was- used to obtain the bull1et

velocity nx at ,7uncti0n of ztnge: One cOn•ceO• Reference 3, gave a curve ofdx-ar, coei'ffiei(ýn, In atir for a projectile model of approximatecly the same

shaw.• cut to Mclh :.6. A seconct sour-ce was recent data obtained at

Frankford Arsenal for the caliber .1I; bullet. The Frankford data indicates

a velocity of 2330 ft/sec at !300 ft. for a muzzle velocity of 41i0 ft/sec.

The third source was an Lxperinmental value, of drag coefficient obtained near

the muzzle by the authors; this valie was KIua: .lP5 at. Mach 3.83. A drag

coefficient curve was constructed which wss compatible with the experimentaleata and close to the curve of Reference 3. It is given on Figure 1U.

Probubility of Incapacitating Personnel

The incapacitation capability for A penetrating missile is expressed

in BRL TN 1297 in tormz of the conditional probability, Phk' that a rmuidom

hit on the human target will incnpaeitatl within a certain time, under a

particular condition of military stress. Partial incapacitations are

incitsded. For the nn-.!ycis of t:his report, . the ]/2-minute assault situa-

tion wan conside.red.

The curve of esti'mxted rhip as a function of range, out to 4100 meters,

is given in FiJ.irc .i. For the caliber . ina hllet at 100 meters, P = .64

and, at Wo00 meteor, Phk A.10. For comparison Figure 11 also chows curves

SER13

SECRET

-- A

•or LUe Mtk (Ioad core) and W)9 (s•el 1 core) 147-Lrain 7. 6 2MM NATO bullets

which art.- ov .3$ t!Lie: heavier than the caliber .14 bullet. Since the M80

delronin.-O on impictl iL. rW.u1 t- do riot provide a fair comparison with the

cdllbv.r .-]4h el.. Comparing., the MN9 rezidtu with t'li caliber .14 results,

FigurL. ii, w. uL.U that thc "(.6 !mm projectile at JOQ metern results in an

eiilimited value of P, oa:. '( -- rcent higher than P for the caliber .i4hk rhk

bulleL; at-. 400 muturs the 7.6r.mm bVa lt' walue of P is 30 percent higher.hK

Fig !Iuru 11 indicatus that at uhort ranges, Ieus than 70 meters, the value

or P1* Vor the callIxn. .3A butlet L; t•,'Lur -"L. .'15. Hence, a caliber .14i

weupon ,kVy be jnt-Lr-eulaIrly ouitud tcu juurrIlll anti unti-gucrrilla warfare

or u- u ixttrol weapon. Olht.r conulderations, ztot covered in this report,

,uch as accuracy, weapon weigLt,, rniinunition wei,.ht, utc., are required in

order to assess the military value ot" a caliber .14 weapon.

SECRET

:ci'E.v' 0.10r )' NO. L HAPL ON"'hk

1.4 itnhs -I- 1..ki. uu:F 1J.LIL "iruru- It, wiAs Clr(M into grelatin:vw .an par 1~I, Uo I Ii Ul 1,1: ( . w o.-'a.I .' q vtf proiect-lie. DLwsiMn etarac-

Mmi wi of Inertia,

Ct-iiter ofr Gravity Gro-in 2

Nuw4.3.y zj. F'rom We !i. Ax LiaI Transverse

II'~iu±.039r .399

At wiuvtt~ jtrikittly vtI~.u%-I ty ur!' Ort&.c 1,he hemispherical nosed

prujetitiL wt.-it thrut4!h t1hii,' MLat li Iduck without tumbling. Experimental

resul.ts ColV . I ý; rt. ýrw Lv' vi ? v.'

/\A V Estimated Value

B3ecause thu hemisl~it.ric-ti Zzot.- iprujuctile I.; atatble in gelatin, its drag~

coefficient Luj ga(.latiri, K ,~ L Iidte poziderit of' 6~ Lor, a~ll pertinent values

o VL .i*OM t tibut t V'lir.lta data, ror this ~rje~t!+t1 i the value of

is fvund tW b:. .14j. By mt-ttns EVIquatiou (3 we can compute the function

A.E(V ) for the hteutispherLivil zz,*:,,m.tio~id can coanpwe- it to the

SECRET

f''CHMU.0i ý'OVMNUMIN uj' HI II:k1BICAL WITH OGIVAL NOsm s~imPE (W)

ILL-ANDIM;I~b'CAL *(5Ulj TAN4GENT OGIVE

~ .t, 1 1f LI v* .rt. ~111:111i. !Ui:ULU1.t) *'I (I /P taill. c~ar*ult)

At erya~ioxt azi,!- Uv vlu; -i* ,-)r heogival. projlectile isc higher

becauut:i~ ta value LNr 5 iligji and lt tumbluzo rapidly. At ranges of

.100 to :!()0 ,vktvr:-- 1,1- Value Of P Il or vuch bullet typeo is about the onme.

The ig.' vv'oe~ty of the oj~ivuJ projectile compe~nsettes '.or Its

Slow tuimb1J.An. A, t`J~,-w ; .,rat~utr than i~ wLur,: the valuce of 71 hkIor the

oSivte noz-e bull"etL 1ziuhloicr bucuu:zLu of !L:; aippreciably hityvwr utriking

velocily. wv conclude Aiat Ut-e 7(..,-ealiber ogdvv bullet r t- '~ru l~ethal. than

thu 2Uiew-1 IC±~ L; noLv buiLe~..

The 1LaL;* tublc .:jqphuLivvi; the impsortance: orl Ar~king velocity as a

contributor to tht.. value of* r -it uut~eutuz that a lone ogive proJectile

mauy be imort lethl Wizuha the *(.')-e[L.Libov airive projectile. Preliminary

estintuleL. :upiport thl* ;utj,,vt.Aoic. Th1un it. an0 m1ez, u -caliber ogive

projectile would hlav4. a Ltriking, encLra! about i.ý percent greater than a

7.5-calibter ogive projiectile; valtiv:' olf 6 would ber nvarly equa~l; and the

!,,tnuveri;e ,aomunt off 'Wt: longer xio:;d jirojetitt.Lt.: would be only :5 Percent.

higdher. 11.:nce w't. rveonswrtd that the ItthaladLy ol. u long nouied, calliber .4

proyic t iA! be inw.ez;Lt, I cd

CItESTER 0IHAJ3AREK AtWi1iui4Y HIM~IMIZ~.I DEN JDFNN

SECRET

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ot* truvl~y in Dvrwu Me~dia wihAppl11,:un.c; to Bu11tvt Design,, DRLRcyort X-Q), January .1.930.

2.WprrazztI, J. und trziemain, A. Irviuiuriua. Eutimates or the Woundling-Pote~ntial. of 1wchettv., BRL Tuchiarlica1. Note No. 1297, R.-b. 1960..

5.Murphy, C. If. tand Scehmidt, L.. E~. Thle PI~flvct of Li-n~tVh on theAerodJynaznic Characturiatics of Bodica of Rtevolution in SupersonicF] t~ht, WILL Report No. 8736, Aug. L9,-

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MEMORANDUM FOR SEE DISTRIBUTION

SUBJECT: Distribution Statement - Ballistic ResearchLaboratories Memorandum Report No. 1409

1. Reference: Ballistic Research Laboratories MemorandumRepcrt No. 1409, "Estimated Incapacitation Probabilities ofCaliber .14 Bullets" by Chester Grabarek, Anthony Ricchiazzi,and Dennis Dunn, June 1962, UNCLASSIFIED, AD no. 331651.

2. Subject matter experts and the Army Research LaboratorySecurity/CI Office have determined that the subject report maybe released to the public. Request that you mark all of yourcopies of the document with the following distributionstatement:

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED

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