Ted Greene Arrangement Walk blown. dreams nev nev A 4009 ...
UNCE, Reno, Nev.
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Transcript of UNCE, Reno, Nev.
UNCE, Reno, Nev.
How Woody Vegetation Grows
With special thanks to all our contributors including:
Topics to be covered:
How woody plants photosynthesize How woody plants grow Shoots and roots Aspect and elevation considerations Additional Resources
◦ this is just the tip of the iceberg!
Tree growth begins with photosynthesis to produce new wood when the growing season begins.
Bark Cambium
Heartwood
Sapwood
Latewood
Earlywood
How a Tree Grows
Seed - reproduction Leaves - photosynthesis
(carbon capture)
Roots - water & nutrient uptake
Bark - protection Cambium/buds - growth Xylem - water transport (up)
[dead] Phloem - carbohydrate
transport (down)
Outer BarkPhloem
Cambium
Sapwood
Heartwood
Woody Stem Structure Shoot Growth
Meristems: annual growth can also be seen in the branching patterns of many tree species (esp. conifers)
6th year
5th year4th year
3rd year
2nd year1st year
Terminal leader
One year’s growth
Roots Two main types
◦ Taproot ◦ Fibrous root (pines)
Most roots are found in top 18” of soil◦ Up to 50% in the top 6”
Root systems can occupy an area 4-7 times the surface area occupied by the crown
AVOID DAMAGE! Healthy trees have a healthy, expanding root system, injured roots may lead to dead branches above
NC State Ext.
Graft unions can form on roots◦ Can move disease from one tree to
another (Armillaria root disease –most important in Rocky Mtn. Region) Armillaria Sign: Mycelial
fans under the bark. USDA Forest Service
Rate of root grow varies at different times of the year
How a Tree Grows Increase size by growing regions or meristems
◦ Terminal buds - height◦ Cambium – width (diameter)
Most forests are regenerated sexually ◦ Seed dispersal is required ◦ Exceptions: aspen (and others)
Environmental factors:◦ amount of light (forest gap)◦ available moisture (mineral soil)◦ temperature (dormancy & germination)
Trees have a natural defense response to wounds and pruning cuts.
Trees can compartmentalize the wound thus preventing the spread of decay organisms
Wound Response
NC State Ext.
Trees are Tough!
Pine life cycle
Lodgepole pine forests usually end with a stand replacing fire every 200-350 years (USFS-RMRS)
Cool MoistDense regeneration and high competition for sunlight and nutrients
Warm DryWidely spaced trees lack moisture for growth and germination is hindered
Wetter side
“Rain Shadow”
W
S
N
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Aspect Influence
Elevation and Aspect Influence Forest Cover Types
Resources (there are too many to list) CSFS
◦ http://csfs.colostate.edu/ CSU Ext. Trees and Woodlands
◦ http://www.ext.colostate.edu/sam/trees.html
Now what? Identify all of the trees and shrubs on
your property (and nearly adjacent areas should also be looked at, elms).
Select your key species and cover type.
Consider your objectives for this resource.