Un grazie di cuore alla prof.ssa BassoliCristiana per la...
Transcript of Un grazie di cuore alla prof.ssa BassoliCristiana per la...
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Un grazie di cuore alla
prof.ssa Bassoli Cristiana
per la traduzione e le per la traduzione e le
correzioni apportate
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Workplace Safety
Il D. Lgs. 81/2008
Decree 81 applies the fundamental principle set out in European Directives, and imposes the
obligation to the person who has ownership of the spending power, that is, the EMPLOYERthe spending power, that is, the EMPLOYER
to design your own systemcorporate security, making the RISK
ASSESSMENT
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•VIDEO TERMINAL (VDT): an alphanumeric or graphic display screen, regardlessthe type of display used.
• WORKPLACE: the assembly including
display screen equipment, possibly with
keyboard or other input device, the optional accessories,
related equipment, including the diskette drive, telephone, modem,
DEFINITIONS
related equipment, including the diskette drive, telephone, modem,
printer, document holder, the chair, the work plan, as well as
the immediate work environment.
• WORKER: the worker who uses a gear provided with
display screen in a systematic and regular, for twenty hours a week,
deducted breaks in art. 175 of Legislative Decree no. 81/2008.
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WHO IS THE TEAM THE LAW GIVES TASKS TO AND
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PREVENTION AT WORK
???
Employer / ManagerEmployer / Manager
charge
workers
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the team in charge
• Who are they?They are workers who are responsible for directing and supervising other workers;
What do they do?They check that the means and the machinery are used according to the rules;they control, coordinate and supervise the work of others;they ensure that workers are aware of the procedures and the proper use of the machines and of PPEthey may propose and suggest improvements in safety levels
Back to
school
they may propose and suggest improvements in safety levels
TheyThey can can bebe legallylegally pursuedpursued
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The worker
RIGHTS
S-/he has the right to have guaranteed their own health and safety
S-/he has the right to elect the representative of workers and for
security workers (RLS or RLST)
Back to
school
S-/he has the right to education, information and training;
S-/he has the right to leave their workplace in case of danger
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The worker
DUTIES (Art. 20 Legislative Decree no. 81/08)
S-/he has to contribute to the protection of their own and others' health
S-/he has to comply with the provisions for the purpose of individual and
collective defense
S-/he has to use equipment properly..
S-/he Has not to remove signaling devices, and report deficiencies of the S-/he Has not to remove signaling devices, and report deficiencies of the
protective equipment
S-/he has not to take their own initiative operations that did not compete
S-/he has to participate in training
S-/he has a duty to undergo medical examinations
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ACTIVITY 'OF CLEANING
electrical hazard
The consequences of an electrical shock can be very serious:
electrical hazard
The consequences of an electrical shock can be very serious:
from burnts to cardiac arrest
Never use a defective device, report the malfunction to the holder and
then contact a qualified service technician.
Always check the condition of cables and electric equipment
before using them.
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electrical hazard
electrical hazard
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ACTIVITY 'OF CLEANING
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
Before using a machine inquire about the features and safety precautions,
consult the instructions for use and maintenance
Do not perform maintenance without first having taken steps to remove theDo not perform maintenance without first having taken steps to remove the
plug from the socket. In case of accidental machine start up, switch it off before
touching it.
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VDT
RISKS during information technology workshop activity
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PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH
THE USE OF DISPLAY SCREEN
visual disturbances
postural disorders
psychological disorders
............ .............. ..
TO PREVENT SUCH DISORDERS
AND MANAGE THEM
PROPERLY ......
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The original plan of the workplace should take into
account the location of the equipment (video,
keyboard, sheet, printer), the size of the spaces and
the characteristics of the furniture chosen in
function of the type of business envisaged.
THE WORKPLACE
In the laboratory the furniture is designed for the function that the
environment must be carried out:
- Venetian blinds on the windows.
- table opaque color
- Ergonomic chairs unless colleagues
have destroyed them earlier .
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• The operator must settle their posture easily by adjusting the various elements of
the workplace:
- The trunk has to be basically straight, with
support of the lumbar spine to the back to
reduce the compression of the
intervertebral discs;
- The angles "arm-forearm" and "thigh-leg"
POSTURE (postural disorders)
- The angles "arm-forearm" and "thigh-leg"
must be about 90 ° (upright) to minimize
muscle fatigue and allow a good peripheral
circulation;
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- The corner "trunk-thigh" must be about 100 °
to ensure an adequate distribution of loads on
the apparatus bones and joints and prevent
harmful compressions pelvic-abdominal;
- The upper edge of the screen should be placed
at eye level, or below it, and at a distance
between 50 and 70 cm, to avoid fatigue of the
eye muscles and contractures of the muscles of
the neck;
- The keyboard should be arranged in such a way
as to allow the support of the forearms (about
10-15 cm from the edge of the table) to avoid
muscle contractures.
the neck;
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Wrong: windows are reflected
in the video screen.
Wrong: windows in the visual field provides
high differences
of light intensity.
LIGHTING (visual disturbances)
of light intensity.
Right: balanced difference
light intensity;
in the reflection area of the
video screen there should not be bright surfaces.
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Lighting
WRONG POSITION
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Lighting
WRONG POSITION
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Lighting
CORRECT POSITION
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Lighting scheme
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Microclimate (psychological disorders)� preferable air conditioning
systemin the hot season the temperature should not be less than 7 ° C from the outsidein other seasons between 18 in other seasons between 18 and 20 ° Chumidity between 40 and 60%
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The noise emitted by the VDT and the equipment
connected to it, is generally lower than the noise emitted by
obsolete writing machines (in normal conditions of efficiency) .
• The following examples show benchmarks derived from
photometric surveys conducted in
Proximity Operator:
- Electric typewriter ribbon: 70-75 dB (A);
- Video + keyboard typing: 56-58 dB (A);
NOISE
- Video + keyboard typing: 56-58 dB (A);
- Printer ink jet: about 50 dB (A);
normal conversation at one meter
distance: 60-75 dB (A).
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•The VDT has a noise emission levelsignificantly lower than that usually
recording in an office where most people
operate.
• The current legislation on noise environment
(Title VIII - Chapter II of the Legislative Decree no. (Title VIII - Chapter II of the Legislative Decree no.
81/2008) does not
identifies any risks of hearing loss from noise
for daily exposure levels
(LEP, d) less than 80 dB (A).
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It is necessary that at least every hour there
are body position changes.
The whole is realized by organizing the work in
such a way as to alternate as much as possible
the work to the video terminal with other
work. The law suggests a fifteen-minute break
work time
work. The law suggests a fifteen-minute break
every two hours for video-terminal activity.
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• physical exercises
those who are due to sedentary activities are recommended to practice sports in their free time.Unfortunately, because of either laziness or lack of opportunity, few are those who can regenerate the body with a who can regenerate the body with a systematic physical activity.For these cases, we propose some simple stretching exercises that can be performed at school.
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Figure 1: the back muscles - Tighten the knees, still
bending over his back.
Figure 2: Side back muscles - push outside the hips,
stretch the trunk from the opposite side.
Figure 3: pectoral muscles - The right leg to take a step
forward, move the right shoulder forward. Repeat the
exercise with your left shoulder.
Figure 4: scapular muscles - Tilt your head the other way.
Pull the arm down. Proceed as follows:
1) Take the starting position and stretch slowly until you
feel a slight stretch in the strained muscle.
physical exercises
feel a slight stretch in the strained muscle.
2) Stay in this final position for about 20-30 seconds.
3) Avoid sudden movements.
4) Try to breathe deeply
with calm and stay relaxed
throughout the year.