UK Working Group: Territorial Cohesion
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Transcript of UK Working Group: Territorial Cohesion
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UK Working Group: Territorial Cohesion
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Territorial Description: London
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• London in UK Context;• What we mean by London;• Population;• Housing;• Infrastructure;• Economic Functions and Town Centres;• Planning Context.
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Territory: London
• Capital of England and United Kingdom
• Home of 12.5% of UK Population on 0.6% of land area: – 7.75 million live in 3.3
million households;– 4,900 persons per square
kilometre
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London in the UK context
• London is the political, economic, social and cultural capital of England and the UK
• London contains 12.5% of the UK’s Population on 0.6% of its land mass
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London in the UK context (2)• Strong links with
surrounding areas (dependent on these for some growth as a ‘city region’)
• Physically constrained from outward expansion by the Metropolitan Green Belt
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Population
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Population distribution
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Deprivation
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Housing
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What is the impact? National Housing Disparity:
• North/ South Divide;
• London House Prices over double national average.
• Post market crash- the trend is accelerating…
• High and rising rates- +17% increase in 2010.
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London Variation
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House Building Response
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Tourist London vs. Our London1. Central Tourist London2. London 020 dialling code area in
red3. The London postal district in red4. Aerial imagery of London’s built
up areas5. London Travel To Work Area in
dark blue6. City of London in bright red7. Former County of London in green
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Living in London Vs Commuting into London
Complex relationships of radial and cross-commuting flows into but also around London; biggest “pull” is Central London, with Heathrow also being a major attractor of long distance commuting.
722,000 people living outside the Greater London area commuted into London to work
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London – 1 hour commuteLondon’s inter-relationship with the Greater South East
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Existing Infrastructure (1)
London’s major roads and international airports
London’s international and national rail connections
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Existing Infrastructure (2)Complex London-wide transport connectivity
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Existing Infrastructure (3)London’s green and blue infrastructure
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Future Infrastructure (1)Major transport projects will be altering London’s accessibility.
High Speed Rail: already completed line to Ebbsfleet and Ashford. Future plans for HS2 to link to Birmingham.
Crossrail: Speed and capacity expansion on main east-west growth corridor.
Infrastructure upgrades: General capacity expansion on most rail corridors, London Over- and Underground, Thameslink.
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Future Infrastructure (2)
New Flood Barrier 2030+?
New Thames Crossing 2020+?
Thames Sewage Storage Tunnel
(2020)
Crossrail 1 (2018)
London 400kV Cable Tunnels (2018)
Lee Valley Sewage Storage Tunnel
(2015)
Crossrail 2 (2025?)
HS2 to Birmingham (2026)
New Island Airport?
Extended CC and LEZ?
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Economic Centres
City of London Vs West End
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Town Centre Networks
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Changing Patterns of Economic Activity and Land Use
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‘Places to Watch’ – East London
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Emerging Economic Networks – London and the wider south-east
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Planning Legislation
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Recent Changes in Legislation
• New Coalition Government elected in 2010• Major changes to planning system:– Abolition of Regional Spatial Strategies – Localism Act 2011• Neighbourhood planning • Duty to co-operate
– National Planning Policy Framework 2012• Planning as an instrument for economic growth
– Implementation of Community Infrastructure Levy
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Pre and Post 2010
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London: Local PolicyExample: London Borough of Richmond
Hierarchy of planning policies
National Planning Policy Framework (England)
The London Plan (Regional Strategy)
Richmond’s Core Strategy (Local Plan)
English local government forms :•Within London: 32 London Boroughs and City of London•Outside London: County Councils and below District Councils
Population data:England – appr. 52 millionLondon – appr. 8 millionRichmond – appr. 180,000Average of 160,000 per LPA!
Local Planning Authorities (LPA): • 326 Local Planning Authorities in England• Statutory town and spatial planning functions – developing plans, policies and making decisions on developmentsComparison of English local authorities to other EU countries:•France: 36,679 Communes – average of 2,000 habitants per commune•Germany: 12,141 municipalities – average of 7,000 per municipality•Switzerland: 2596 municipalities – average of 3,000 per municipality
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Territorial Description: London