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UF001 LokDepot, Basel: The first commercial rooftop aquaponic farm
in Switzerland
Conference Paper · September 2014
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4589.7446
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Mass Balance and Nutrient Recycling in Aquaponics View project
Zero Emission Building View project
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Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
UF001 LokDepot, Basel: The first commercial rooftop aquaponic
farm in Switzerland
Andreas Graber, Mark Durno, Roman Gaus, Alex Mathis, Ranka Junge
ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences,
Waedenswil, Switzerland
26.09.2014
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Introduction
Aquaponics is an innovative and sustainable food production system integrating aquaculture with hydroponic vegetal crops (Graber & Junge-Berberovic, 2009). This emerging technology has the potential to play a key role in provision of food while tackling global challenges such as water scarcity, food safety, food security, urbanization, and reductions in energy use and food miles.
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Annual papers published G
oo
gle
Sch
ola
r H
its
While Aquaponic is a widely discussed technology today (about 1.9m hits on Google in May 2014), only very few research papers were published describing efficiency and performance of real systems.
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Keyword Google Google Scholar
Ratio*
"membrane reactor technology" 368’000 28’900 13
Photovoltaic 8’270’000 626’123 13
Aquaculture 9’880’000 666’000 15
Hydroponic 3’740’000 67’300 56
"Wastewater-fed aquaculture" 21’000 335 63
"Green roofs" 1’500’000 12’200 123
"Building integrated agriculture" 30’400 32 950
Aquaponics 1’900’000 1’330 1’429
* This ratio might be describing a «media hype factor»
What is «hot» is not necessarily well researched !
A quick glance at citation statistics …
Realised projects are rare Farm Operators Location Realised examples
Information
Type Size (m2) Produce
(tons/annum)
Eli Zabar's Vinegar Factory New York City Eli Zabar's Garten soil ca. 2000 no data
Sky Vegetables New York City Farm Bronx hydro 743 no data
Gotham Greens, New York City Greenpoint Brooklyn hydro 1394 100
Top Sprouts Boston, MA no object declared
last BLOG 2009
hydro - -
Cityscape Farms San Francisco no object declared
website abandoned
aqua - -
AeroFarms New York City no object declared hydro - -
Lufa Farms Montreal 1 Rooftop-Farm hydro 2322 75
BrightFarm Systems New York City last news 2013,
planning
hydro - -
Big Box Farms New York City no object declared
last news 2011
hydro - -
Plantagon Sweden planning in Lingkoping hydro - -
SweetWaterOrganics Milwaukee closed operation as
commercial; object
used for education
aqua not clear no data
PodPonics Atlanta Launch 2010
Cargo Containers
no object declared
hydro - -
Met Farm Rotterdam Launch 2012
indoor, LED lighting,
indoor + vertical
hydro
UrbanFarmers Zürich UF001, Basel aqua 260 3 t vegetables
600 kg Fish
Z-Farm (Rennert & Kloas) Berlin 2009 aqua 167 1 t Tomatoes
600 kg Fish
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Institute of Natural Resource Sciences IUNR
Focal points
Biological farming
Ecological engineering
Integrative ecology
Landscape and tourism
Urban Greening
www.iunr.zhaw.ch
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
R & D projects in Waedenswil
We developed our approach to Aquaponic during nearly 20 years of continuous R & D in more than 20 projects.
Some eminent projects:
• 1993 – 1995: Reuse of hydroponic nutrient solution in Wastewater-fed Aquaculture
• 1996-2000: Aquaculture plant Otelfingen for treatment of biogas-effluent
• 1999-2001: Ecological Improvement of Greenhouse Cultivation by Integration of Aquaculture: Tropenhaus Ruswil
• 2004-2007: Aquaponic as new source of income for swiss farmers
We studied different fish species (Tilapia, Trout, Perch) and a broad array of vegetables and ornamentals under temperate, alpine, and tropical conditions.
In addition we developed and are still developing educational modules for schools and professionals.
http://lsfm.zhaw.ch/de/science/institute-zentren/iunr-ecologicalengineering/oekotechnologie.html
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Aquaponics is a key technology to achieve a resource efficient production
DISADVANTAGES
X Fish and plant
knowledge required
X Complex system
requires considerable
expertise
BENEFITS
Nutrient utilization
Low water consumption
Plant production in
addition to fish
Aquaculture Hydroponics
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
No use of pesticides or antibiotics
Making food `local`-
Reduced CO2 – footprint (zero food
miles, no storage)
Adding greenery in cities = evaporation
of water, cooling
Nearly closed nutrient cycles based on
natural processes 100% natural
culture, minimised use of fertilisers
Reduced energy input
Perfect food safety control
Approx. 90% reduction in water
consumption compared to traditional
agriculture
Increased efficiency due to vertical
mounting options
Advantages of Aquaponics in urban farming
BUT!!! This is only possible if
the system is operated
optimally.
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Hydroponic with LECA
Rainwater
Fishfodder Fish (Perca fluviatilis)
Irrigation
Aquaponics Lab1 at ZHAW: established 2004
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
3 separate RAS systems of 4 m3 each
3 separate Hydroponic systems with 3 subsystems each
Research group on Aquaculture & Aquaponics
www.aquaponic.ch [email protected]
Aquaponics Lab2 at ZHAW: established 2013
2011: ZHAW spin-off UrbanFarmers Ltd.
UrbanFarmers AG is a clean-tech start-up & Spin-off from the University of
Applied Sciences (ZHAW) in Waedenswil, Switzerland.
UF develops cost-efficient, sustainable and reliable systems to grow food
in the city at large scale.
The benefit for our customers is fresh & healthy food, produced in a safe
environment, directly at the point of consumption, eliminating emissions,
transportation distances and cost.
UrbanFarmers AG 12 26.09.2014 UrbanFarmers AG
Roman Gaus Andreas Graber
UF001 LokDepot: the world’s first Aquaponic
rooftop farm with commercial purpose
UrbanFarmers
Key figures: • 260 m2 of production space, Construction budget USD 900’000
• Farm operation going live in Q4 2012
• Capacity of producing annually 5’000 kg vegetables & 800 kg fish
Foto: by Raphi See
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Project structure
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
26.09.2014 UrbanFarmers AG 16
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Aquaponics – how does it work?
cleaned water
«fish water»
Fresh water
300 L
Fish feed 1kg
Fish harvest 700 g
Tomato harvest 5 - 10 kg
Evapotranspiration
290 L
Fish sludge 2 L
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
COMPOSTING UNIT // OUTDOORS
HYDROPONIC UNIT // GREENHOUSE AQUACULTURE UNIT // FISH HALL
F I S H TA N K
H Y D R O P O N I C
BIOFILTER
SOLIDS THICKE-
NING
S U M P SLUDGE
SOLIDS REMOVAL
+ O2 + UV
VERMICOMPOSTING
Aquaponics according to the «Waedenswil model»
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
The Waedenswil Model in practice: Floor plan of the rooftop farm
N
UF001 LokDepot Top View (scale 1:100), April 8, 2013
Biofilter
table 7
rafts
table 8
rafts
table 5
rafts
table 6
rafts
table 3
microgreens
table 4
microgreens
table 1
seedlings
table 2
microgreens
working table, sink
bas
in 1
stair
TANK 4
sludge separation
oxygenators/ blowers
TANK 1
TANK 2
TANK 3
Drum filter
bas
in 2
bas
in 3
bas
in 4
bas
in 5
UV/ Ozone
OxiJet
NFT1 high low
NFT2
UF Controller: Process control ensures
productivity, safety & efficiency
UrbanFarmers AG UrbanFarmers AG
Biofilter:
NH4
->NO2
->NO3
Sludge
Separator
Fish
sludge
Fertilizer
channel cultures NS-
raft cultures NS-
degassing CO2
gasifier O2
pH-Lift KOH
Fish food
UF AQUAPONIC PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM ("UF CONTROLLER") Automates nutrient balance between fish feed, fish population and plant cultures
NS+
NS+
NS-
NS-
NH4
NS-
N2
Drinking
water
NS+ Vegetable harvest
Fresh Fish
O2, pH, LF, water temperature
dryer Water flow
Solids (fish feed, sludge)
Controlled elements (O2, CO2 etc.)
NS = Nutrients
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Results of the first year of operation
Input \ Output unit #
Water m3 763
Electricity MWh 20.9
Heat MWh 32.2
Vegetables produced total kg 3’401
Vegetable shrinkage (waste, quality,
overcapacity) kg 577
Fish produced total kg 706
Fish shrinkage (waste, quality,
overcapacity) kg 10
Balance from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2014
This means: an aquaponic rooftop farm produces
2.7 kg fish/a and 13.1 kg vegetables/a per m2 of roof
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
• Total available vacant rooftop area in the city of Basel: 2‘000‘000 m2
• Key decision criteria for UF:
a) FAR (floor-to-area ratio)
b) Commercial & Industrial Zoning
c) Weight constraint and
d) Size (>500 m2)
• Estimated Potential: 5% used for rooftop farms = 100,000 m2
340 t fish = consumed by 34‘000 people p.a.
2‘020 t of vegetables = consumed by 14‘000 people
p.a.
The city of Basel has 170‘000 inhabitants,
UrbanFarmers could contribute 8-20% to the fresh fish
and vegetable consumption in Basel.
!
Rooftop Farming Potential: Example Basel, Switzerland
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Aquaponics still offers many challenges
• Energy
- renewable electricity supply from photovoltaics
- reduction of heating energy demand
- additional lighting (LED? Induction?)
• Climate control
- humidity, temperature, light vs shading/insulation
• Water management
- Rainwater harvesting and pretreatment
- Optimal nutrient & pH levels for plants (additives)
• Organic matter / Organisms
- Pest control (beneficial bacteria…)
- Optimum fish feed (= permanent system input!)
- Composting of the fish sludge and plant waste
- New varieties of vegetables and fish
• Building integration
- interfaces of rooftop farm with existing building
COST ACTION FA1305
The EU Aquaponics Hub: Realising Sustainable Integrated Fish
and Vegetable Production for the EU
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Aquaponics and Urban Agriculture
URBAN AGRICULTURE: Production of food in urban setting
Extensive: Low-tech Soil based Labour-intensive Private consumption
Intensive: High-tech
Soilless Capital-intensive Food for the city
Know-how input
Energy input
Community gardens Vertical Farming (Suwon)
Aquaponic gardens
Social insertion
Aquaponic rooftop farm
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Integration of food production into the city
Integration of food production
into the city
Between the built structures
Building integrated
agriculture (BIA)
Multifunctional buildings
CPULS, community
gardens
Monofunctional buildings
Vertical farms
Add-on
Integrated
Aquaponics can be implemented in many ways
Zero Emission Buildings - Integrating Sustainable Technologies and
Infrastructure Systems ZEB - ISTIS
KORANET Korean scientific cooperation network with the European Research Area Joint Call on ‘Green Technologies’
contact the project coordinator: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Building Integrated Agriculture: Techniques and options
BIA Techniques and options
Soil based
Soilless
Hydroponic
Aquaponic
Open-air
Greenhouse
Horizontal
Vertical
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
Zero Emission Buildings
(adapted after Schuetze & Zeisel, 2010) www.zebistis.ch
Prof. Dr. Ranka Junge
To conclude ....
Aquaponics is only ONE technology amongst others that should become an
integral part of the «greener cities for tomorrow».
Further innovations are required that simplify operations and enable cost-
effective aquaponic farming, while making the products safe for human
consumption:
• new planting techniques
• new varieties of produce
• efficient biological pest control (beneficial microorganisms…)
• irrigation techniques
• integration with existing building infrastructures.
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