UAF COMMUNITY COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF …uaf.edu.pk/college/files/Course Contents F.Sc....

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UAF COMMUNITY COLLEGE

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Revised Course Contents for F.Sc. Pre-Agriculture

Rationale

The existing scheme of studies for intermediate pre-agriculture at UAF Community College PARS was

required to be revised according to requirements of Inter Board Committee of Chairmen (IBCC) and

Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council (PVMC). Therefore, the course contents have been revised

accordingly. Now, the following proposed course contents are 100% equivalent to the Curricula and

Syllabi (Academic Session 2012-2014) of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Lahore.

Table of Contents

Sr. No. Course Code Course Title Credit Hours Page Number

1 PY-101 Physics-I 4(3-1) 02

2 PY-102 Physics-II 4(3-1) 05

3 Chem-101 Chemistry-I 4(3-1) 08

4 Chem-102 Chemistry-II 4(3-1) 11

5 Bot-101 Botany-I 4(3-1) 14

6 Bot-202 Botany-II 4(3-1) 17

7 Math-101 Mathematics-I 4(4-0) 19

8 Math-102 Mathematics-II 4(4-0) 21

9 Eng-103 English-I 4(4-0) 23

10 Eng-105 English-II 4(4-0) 24

11 SSH-104 Pakistan Studies 3(3-0) 25

12 IS-101 Islamic Studies 3(3-0) 27

13 PY-201 Physics-III 4(3-1) 28

14 PY-202 Physics-IV 4(3-1) 30

15 Chem-201 Chemistry-III 4(3-1) 32

16 Chem-202 Chemistry-IV 4(3-1) 34

17 Zool-102 Zoology-I 4(3-1) 37

18 Zool-201 Zoology-II 4(3-1) 40

19 Math-201 Mathematics-III 4(4-0) 44

20 Math-202 Mathematics-IV 4(4-0) 47

21 Eng-201 English-III 4(4-0) 49

22 Eng-202 English-IV 4(4-0) 50

23 CS-201 Computer Science 4(3-1) 52

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EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS

Physics-I

PY-101

4(3-1)

Physics-I

PY-101

4(3-1)

Theory

Introduction to physics, Physical Quantities,

International system of units, Errors and

uncertainties, Significant figures, Precision

and accuracy, Assessment of total uncertainty

in the final result, Basic concepts of vectors,

Vector addition by rectangular components,

Product of two vectors, Torque, Equilibrium

of Torque, Equilibrium of forces,

Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration,

Velocity time graph, Review of equations of

uniformly accelerated motion, Newton’s laws

of motion, Rocket propulsion, Projectile

motion, Work done by a constant force, Work

done by a variable force, work done by

gravitation field, Power, Energy, Interco

version of potential energy and kinetic energy,

Conservation of energy, Non conventional

energy sources, Angular displacement,

Angular velocity, Angular acceleration,

Relation between angular and linear

velocities, Centripetal force, Moment of

inertia, Angular Momentum, Laws of

conservation of Angular momentum,

Rotational kinetic energy, Artificial satellites,

Real and apparent weight, Weightlessness in

satellites and gravity free system, Orbital

velocity, Artificial gravity, Geostationary

orbits, Communication satellites, Newton’s

and Einstein’s views of gravitation, Viscous

drag and stokes law, Terminal velocity, Fluid

flow, Equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s

equation, Application of Bernoulli’s equation.

Practicals:

1. Determine the volume of a solid cylinder

using vernier calipers.

2. To find the area if cross section and

volume of a small sphere using the

micrometer screw gauge.

3. To find the area of cross-section of a wire

using the micrometer screw gauge.

Theory

Introduction to physics, Physical Quantities,

International system of units (base units,

supplementary units, derived units,

scientific notation, conventions for

indicating units), Errors and uncertainties,

Significant figures, Precision and accuracy,

Assessment of total uncertainty in the final

result (for addition and subtraction, for

multiplication and division, for power

factor, for uncertainty in the average value

of many measurements, for the uncertainty

in a timing experiment ), Dimensions of

physical quantities(checking the

homogeneity of physical equation, deriving

a possible formula), Basic concepts of

vectors (vectors, rectangular coordinate

system, addition of vectors, resultant vector,

vector subtraction, multiplication of a vector

by a scalar, unit vector, null vector, equal

vectors, rectangular components of a vector,

determination of a vector from its

rectangular components, position vector),

Vector addition by rectangular components,

Product of two vectors (scalar or dot

product, vector or cross product), Torque,

Equilibrium of forces (first condition of

equilibrium), Equilibrium of Torques

(second condition of equilibrium),

Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration,

Velocity time graph, Review of equations of

uniformly accelerated motion, Newton’s

laws of motion, Momentum (momentum

and Newton’s second law of motion,

impulse, law of conservation of

momentum), Elastic and inelastic collisions

(elastic collision in one dimension), Forces

due to water flow, Momentum and

explosive forces, Rocket propulsion,

Projectile motion (Height of the projectile,

time of flight, range of the projectile,

application to ballistic missiles), Work done

3

4. Find the unknown weight of a body by the

method of vector addition.

5. Verification of following relations of

simple Pendulum

i. Time Period is independent of

amplitude

ii. Time Period is independent of its mass

and density of the bob

iii. Time Period is directly proportional to

the square root of its length

6. To find the acceleration due to gravity by

oscillating mass spring system

7. Verify the conditions of equilibrium using

suspended meter rod.

8. Study the fall of a body through a viscous

medium

9. Determine the Youngs moduls of

elasticity of a wire by Searles apparatus.

Find the moment of inertia of a fly Wheel

about its axis

Recommended Books:

1. Saleemi, F., Butt, Z., Shahid, M.A.,

Ghauuri, I. M., Nisar, M., Tariq, J.,

Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani, S.,

Riaz, A. 2009. Physics XI, Punjab

Textbook Board, Lahore.

2. Nelkon, M. and Oqborn, J. M. 2009.

Advanced Level Practical Physics (4th

Edition) Heinemann educational

publishers.

by a constant force, Work done by a

variable force, work done by gravitation

field, Power (power and velocity), Energy

(work-energy principle, absolute potential

energy, escape velocity), Interconversion of

potential energy and kinetic energy,

Conservation of energy, Non conventional

energy sources (energy from tides, energy

from waves, solar energy, energy from

biomass, energy from waste products,

geothermal energy), Angular displacement,

Angular velocity, Angular acceleration,

Relation between angular and linear

velocities, Centripetal force, Moment of

inertia, Angular Momentum, Laws of

conservation of Angular momentum,

Rotational kinetic energy (Rotational kinetic

energy of a disk and a hoop), Artificial

satellites, Real and apparent weight,

Weightlessness in satellites and gravity free

system, Orbital velocity, Artificial gravity,

Geostationary orbits, Communication

satellites, Newton’s and Einstein’s views of

gravitation, Viscous drag and stokes law,

Terminal velocity, Fluid flow, Equation of

continuity, Bernoulli’s equation,

Application of Bernoulli’s equation

(Torricelli’s theorem, relation between

speed and pressure of the fluid, Venturi

relation, blood flow).

Practicals:

1. To find the volume of a cylinder using

Vernier Calliper.

2. To find the area of cross section of a

wire or volume of small sphere using

the microcenter screw gauge.

3. To find the unknown weight of a body

by the method of vector addition of

forces.

4. Determination of value of ‘g’ by free

fall using an electronic timer/ticker.

5. Verification of following relations of

simple Pendulum;

i. Time Period is independent of the

amplitude.

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ii. Time Period is independent of its

mass or density of the bob.

iii. Time Period is directly proportional

to the square root of its length.

6. To find the acceleration due to gravity

by oscillating mass-spring system

7. To study the laws of conservation of

momentum by colliding trolleys and

ticker timer for elastic and inelastic

collisions.

8. Verify the second condition of

equilibrium using a suspended meter

rod.

9. To study the fall of a body through a

viscous medium and hence to deduce

the co-efficient of viscosity of the

medium.

10. To determine Young’s modulus of wire

by Searle’s apparatus.

11. To find the moment of inertia of a fly

wheel.

Recommended Books:



Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani,

S., Riaz, A. 2014. Physics XI,

Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.


Advanced Level Practical Physics

(4th Edition) Heinemann educational

publishers.

5


Physics-II

PY-102

4(3-1)

Physics-II

PY-102

4(3-1)

Theory Simple harmonic motion, SHM and uniform

circular motion, Phase, A horizontal mass

spring system, simple pendulum, energy

conservation in SHM, Free and forced

Oscillations, Resonance, Damped

Oscillations, Sharpness of Resonance,

Progressive Waves, Periodic Waves, Speed of

sound in air, Principle of superposition,

Interference, Beats, Reflection of Waves,

Stationary Waves, Stationary Waves in a

stretched string, Stationary Waves in air

columns, Doppler Effect, Waterfronts,

Huygen’s principle, Interference of Light

waves, Young’s double slit Experiment,

Interference in thin films, Newton’s Rings,

Michelson’s Interferometer, Diffraction of

Light, Diffraction Due to a Narrow slit,

Diffraction grating, Diffraction of X-Rays by

Crystals, Polarization of light, Least Distance

of distinct vision, Magnifying power and

resolving power optical Instruments, Simple

Microscope, Compound Microscope,

Astronomical telescope, Spectrometer, Speed

of Light, Introduction of Fiber optics, Fiber

optic principles, Types of optical Fiber, Signal

Transmission and conversion to sound, Losses

of power, Kinetic theory of Gases, Internal

Energy, Work and Heat, First law of

Thermodynamics, Molar specific Heats of a

Gas, Reversible and irreversible processes,

Heat engine, Second Law of

Thermodynamics, Carnot engine and Carnot’s

Theorem, Thermodynamics scale of

temperature, Petrol Engine, Entropy,

Environmental crises as entropy crises.

Practicals:

1. Verify the law of vibrations of stretched

strings using a sonometer.

2. To determine the wavelength and velocity

of sound in air using stationary waves by

Theory

Simple harmonic motion (instantaneous

displacement and amplitude of vibration,

vibration, time period, frequency, angular

frequency), SHM and uniform circular

motion (displacement, instantaneous

velocity, acceleration in terms of ω), Phase,

A horizontal mass spring system, simple

pendulum, energy conservation in SHM,

Free and forced Oscillations, Resonance,

Damped Oscillations, Sharpness of

Resonance, Progressive Waves (transverse

and longitudinal waves), Periodic Waves

(transverse periodic waves, longitudinal

periodic waves), Speed of sound in air

(Effect of variation of pressure, density and

temperature on the speed of sound in a gas),

Principle of superposition, Interference,

Beats, Reflection of Waves, Stationary

Waves, Stationary Waves in a stretched

string, Stationary Waves in air columns,

Doppler Effect (Applications of Doppler

effect), Waterfronts, Huygen’s principle,

Interference of Light waves (conditions for

detectible interference), Young’s double slit

Experiment, Interference in thin films,

Newton’s Rings, Michelson’s

Interferometer, Diffraction of Light,

Diffraction Due to a Narrow slit, Diffraction

grating, Diffraction of X- Rays by Crystals,

Polarization (production and detection of

plane polarized light, optical rotation), Least

Distance of distinct vision, Magnifying

power and resolving power of optical

Instruments, Simple Microscope,

Compound Microscope, Astronomical

telescope, Spectrometer, Speed of Light,

Introduction of Fiber optics, Fiber optic

principles, Types of optical Fiber, Signal

Transmission and conversion to sound,

Losses of power, Kinetic theory of Gases

(pressure of gas, interpretation of

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resonance apparatus using the first

resonance position and the end correction.

3. To determine the focal length of a convex

lens by displacement method.

4. To determine the focal length of a convex

lens using.

(i) Convex mirror

(ii) Convex lens

5. To find the reflective index of a water

using a concave mirror.

6. Determine the critical angle of glass using

a glass prism and hence calculate the

refractive index of a glass.

7. To determine the wavelength of sodium

light by Newton,s Rings.


light by Diffraction grating.

9. Setting up a telescope and determination

of its magnifying power and length.

10. To measure the mechanical equivalent of

heat by electrical method.

Recommended Books:



Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani, S.,

Riaz, A. 2009. Physics XI, Punjab





publishers.

temperature, deviation of gas laws), Internal

Energy, Work and Heat, First law of

Thermodynamics (isothermal process,

adiabatic process), Molar specific Heats of a

Gas, Reversible and irreversible processes,

Heat engine-Diesel engine, Second Law of

Thermodynamics, Carnot engine and

Carnot’s Theorem, Thermodynamics scale

of temperature, Petrol Engine-Diesel

engine, Entropy, Environmental crises as

entropy crises.

Practicals:

1. Determination of frequency of AC by

Melde’s apparatus/electric sonometer.

2. Investigation of die laws of vibration of

stretched strings by sonometer or

electromagnetic method

3. To determine the wavelength of sound

in air using stationary waves and to

calculate the speed of sound.

4. To determine the focal length of a

convex lens by displacement method.

5. To determine the focal length of a

convex lens using.

(i) Convex mirror

(ii) Convex lens

6. To find the refractive index of the

material of a prism using laser or

spectrometer

7. To find the refractive index of the

material of a prism by critical angle

method.

8. To find the refractive index of a liquid

using a concise mirror.


light by Newton’s Rings.

10. To determine the wavelength of light by

diffraction grating using spectrometer or

laser.

11. To measure the diameter of a wire or

hair using laser.

12. Setting up a telescope and determination

of its magnifying power and length.

13. To find the coefficient of linear

expansion of the material of a rod by

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Pullinger’s apparatus.

14. To measure the mechanical equivalent

of heat by electrical method.

Recommended Books:



Hussain, K., Mahmood, F.,Usmani,

S., Riaz, A. 2014. Physics XI,



Advanced Level Practical Physics

(4th Edition) Heinemann educational

publishers.

8


Chemistry-I

Chem-101

4(3-1)

Chemistry-I

Chem-101

4(3-1)

Theory Atom, Evidence of atom, Molecule, Ions,

molecular Ion, Relative atomic mass,

Isotopes, Relative Abundance of Isotopes,

Determination of relative atomic mass of

Isotopes by Mass Spectroscopy, Average

Atomic masses, Analysis of a compound,

Empirical and Molecular Formulas, Empirical

formula, Empirical formula from combustion

analysis, Molecular Formula, Concept of

mole, Avogadro’s number, Molar volume,

Stoichiometry, Limiting reactant, Yield,

Filtration, Filtration through filter paper,

Filtration through filter crucibles,

Crystallization, Choice of solvent, preparation

of saturated solution, Cooling, Collecting the

crystals, Drying of the crystallized substance,

decolourization of undesired colours,

Sublimation, Solvent extraction,

Chromatography, Paper chromatography,

States of matter, Properties of gases,

Properties of Liquids, Properties of solids,

Units of pressure, Gas laws, Boyles law,

Charles law, Derivation of Absolute zero,

Scales of Thermometry, General gas equation,

Ideal gas constant, Density of an Ideal gas,

Avogadro’s Law, Daltons law of partial

pressures, Calculation of partial pressure of a

gas, Application of Daltons law of Partial

pressures, Diffusion and Effusion, Graham’s

Law of Diffusion, Kinetic Molecular theory of

gases, Explanation of gas laws from Kinetic

Theory of gases, Kinetic interpretation of

temperature, Liquefaction of gases, General

principle of liquefaction, Methods of

liquefaction of gases, non ideal behavior of

gases, Causes of Deviations from ideality,

Van der Waals Equation for real gases,

Plasma state, Intermolecular forces, Dipole-

dipole Forces, Dipole-induced dipole forces,

Instantaneous Dipole-induced dipole forces or

Theory Atom, Evidence of atoms, Molecule,

molecular Ion, Relative atomic mass,

Isotopes, Relative Abundance of Isotopes,

Determination of relative atomic mass of

Isotopes by Mass Spectroscopy, Average

Atomic masses, Analysis of a compound,

Empirical and Molecular Formulas

Empirical formula, Empirical formula from

combustion analysis, Molecular Formula,

Concept of mole, Avogadro’s number,

Molar volume, Stoichiometry, Limiting

reactant, Yield. Filteration, Filteration

through filter paper, Filteration through

filter crucibles, Crystallization Choice of

solvent, preparation of saturated solution,

Cooling, Collecting the crystals, Drying of

the crystallized substance, decolourization

of undesired colours, Sublimation, Solvent

extraction, Chromatography Paper

chromatography, States of matter:

Properties of gases, Properties of Liquids,

Properties of solids, Units of pressure, Gas

laws: Boyles law, Experimental verification

of Boyel’s law, Charles law, Graphical

Explanation of Charles Law, General gas

equation: Ideal gas constant R, Density of

an Ideal gas, Avogadro’s Law, Daltons law

of partial pressures: Calculation of partial

pressure of a gas, Application of Daltons

law of Partial pressures. Diffusion and

Effusion: Graham’s Law of Diffusion,

Demonstration of Graham’s Law, Kinetic

Molecular theory of gases: Explanation of

gas laws from Kinetic Theory of gases:

Kinetic interpretation of temperature,

Liquefaction of gases: General principle of

liquefaction, Methods of liquefaction of

gases. Non ideal behaviors of gases: Causes

of Deviations from ideality, Van der Waals

Equation for real gases, Plasma state,

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London Depression forces, Factors effecting

the London forces, Hydrogen bonding,

Properties and Application of compounds

containing hydrogen bonding, Evaporation,

Vapour pressure, Measurement of vapour

pressure, Boiling Point, Boiling point and

external pressure, Energetics of Phase

Changes, Energy changes and intermolecular

Attractions, Change of state and Dynamic

equilibrium, Liquid crystals, Solids, Types of

solids, Properties of crystalline solids,, Crystal

Lattice, Unit cell, Crystals and their

Classification, Classification of solids, Ionic

solids, Covalent solids, Molecular solids,

Metallic solids, Determination of Avogadro’s

number, Sub-atomic particles of atoms,

Discovery of cathode rays, Properties of

cathode rays, Discovery of Protons, Properties

of positive rays Discovery of Neutrons,

Properties of Neutron, Measurement of e/m

value of electron, Measurement of charge on

electron-Millikan Oil method, Rutherford’s

model of atoms, Planks quantum theory,

Bohr’s model of atom, Spectrum, continuous

spectrum, Atomic or Line spectrum, Atomic

emission spectrum, Atomic Absorption

spectrum, Hydrogen spectrum, Origin of

hydrogen spectrum, Origin of Hydrogen

spectrum on basis of Bohr’s model, Defects of

Bohr’s atomic model, X-rays atomic number,

Wave particle nature of matter, Experimental

verification of dual nature of matter,

Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Quantum

numbers, Shapes of orbitals, Electronic

distribution, Causes of chemical combination,

Energetics of bond formation, Atomic sizes,

Ionic radii and covalent radii, Ionization

energies, Electron affinity, Electronegativity,

Types of bonds, Modern theories of covalent

bond, Valance shell electron pair repulsion

theory, Valance bond theory, Atomic orbital

hybridization and shapes of molecules,

Molecular orbital theory, Bond energy bond

length and Dipole moment, Effect of bonding

on properties of compounds.

Introduction, Intermolecular forces:

Dipole-dipole Forces, Dipole-induced

dipole forces, Instantaneous Dipole-induced

dipole forces or London Depression forces,

Factors effecting the London forces,

Hydrogen bonding,, Properties and

Application of compounds containing

hydrogen bonding, Evaporation: Vapour

pressure, Measurement of vapour pressure,

Boiling Point, Boiling point and external

pressure Energetics of Phase Changes,

Energy changes and intermolecular

Attractions, Change of state and Dynamic

equilibrium, Liquid crystals, Solids:

Introduction, Types of solids, Properties of

crystalline solids. Crystal Lattice: Unit cell,

Crystals and their Classification,

Classification of solids: Ionic solids,

Covalent solids, Molecular solids, Metallic

solids, Sub-atomic particles of atoms:

Discovery of cathode rays, Properties of

cathode rays, Discovery of Protons,

Properties of positive rays, Discovery of

Neutrons, Properties of Neutron,

Measurement of e/m value of electron,

Measurement of charge on electron.

Rutherford’s model of atoms: Discovery of

Nucleus. Planks quantum theory, Bohr’s

model of atom, Spectrum: Continuous

spectrum, Atomic or Line spectrum, Atomic

emission spectrum, Atomic Absorption

spectrum, Hydrogen spectrum, Origin of

hydrogen spectrum, Origin of Hydrogen

spectrum on basis of Bohr’s model, Defects

of Bohr’s atomic model. Wave particle

nature of matter: Experimental verification

of dual nature of matter. Heisenberg

uncertainty principle, Quantum numbers,

Shapes of orbitals, Electronic distribution,

Introduction: Cause of chemical

combination, Energy of bond formation.

Atomic sizes: Atomic radii, Ionic radii and

covalent radii. Ionization energy electron

affinity and electronegativity, Types of

Bonds: Ionic bond, covalent bond, modern

theories of covalent bond, Valance shell

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Practicals:

1. Knowledge of precautions.

2. Laboratory, knowledge of first aid and

first aid kit.

3. Familiarities with glass ware.

4. Cutting and bending of glass tubes.

5. Separation of a mixture of inks by paper

chromatography.

6. Separation and identification of lead and

cadmium ions in a mixture by paper

chromatography.

7. Purification of commercial salt.

8. Crystallization of benzoic acid from water.

9. Preparation and standardization of acid-

alkali solutions.

Recommended Book:

Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C. S.,

Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2009.

Chemistry XI, Punjab Textbook Board,

Lahore.

electron pair repulsion theory, Valance bond

theory, Atomic orbital hybridization and

shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital

theory, Bond Energy, bond length and

dipole moment: Bond energy, Ionic

character and bond energy, bond length,

dipole moment, Dipole moments and

molecular structure.

Practicals:

1. Knowledge of precautions.

2. Laboratory, knowledge of first aid and

first aid kit.

3. Familiarities with glass ware.

4. Cutting and bending of glass tubes.

5. Separation of a mixture of inks by paper

chromatography.

6. Separation and identification of lead and

cadmium ions in a mixture by paper

chromatography.

7. Purification of commercial salt.

8. Crystallization of benzoic acid from

water.

9. Preparation and standardization of acid-

alkali solutions.

10. Determination of heat of neutralization

Recommended Book: Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C.

S., Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2014.


Lahore.

11


Chemistry-II

Chem-102

4(3-1)

Chemistry-II

Chem-102

4(3-1)

Theory Spontaneous and non spontaneous reactions,

system surrounding and state functions, Internal

energy and first law of thermodynamics,

Enthalpy, Measurements of enthalpy of

reactions, Hess law of constant heat summation,

Reversible and irreversible reactions, State of

chemical equilibrium, Law of mass action,

Relationships between equilibrium constants,

Application of equilibrium constant, Le-

Chatliers Principle, Application of Chemical

equilibrium in industry, Ionic product of water,

pH and pOH, Ionization constants of acids,

Ionization constants of basis, Lowery Bronsted

acid base concept, Common ion effect, Buffer

solutions, Buffer capacity, Equilibrium of

slightly soluble ionic compounds, Applications

of solubility product, Concept of solutions,

Concentration units of solutions, Types of

solutions, Ideal and non ideal solutions,

Raoult’s Law, Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid

solutions, Solubility and solubility curves,

Colligative properties of solutions, Energetics

of solution, hydration and hydrolysis, Oxidation

state and balancing of redox equations,

Electrolytic conduction, electrochemical cells,

Electrode potential, electrochemical series,

Applications of electrochemical series, modern

batteries and fuel cells, Rate of reaction, order

of reaction, Half life period, Rate determining

step, Determination of rate of chemical reaction,

Energy of activation, Finding the order of

reaction, Factors effecting rates of reaction,

Catalysis.

Practicals:

1. Determination of heat of neutralization,

Determination of Na2CO3 in mixture

solution, Determination of NaHCO3 in

mixture solution.

2. Standardization of KMnO4 solution by

standard oxalic acid solution.

Theory Introduction, Spontaneous and non-

spontaneous reactions, System, Surrounding

and State functions, Internal energy and first

law of thermodynamics, Enthalpy: Enthalpy

of a reaction, Formation, Atomization,

Neutralization, Combustion and Solution,

Measurement of a Reaction, Hess’s law of

constant heat summation, The Born-Haber

Cycle, Reversible and irreversible reactions:

State of chemical equilibrium, Law of mass

action, Units of equilibrium constants and

its expressions for some important

reactions, Relationship between equilibrium

constants, Application of equilibrium

constant, The Le-Chatliers Principle,

Application of Chemical equilibrium in

industry: Synthesis of Ammonia by Haber’s

Process, Preparation of Sulphur trioxide,

Ionic product of water, Ionization constants

of acids (Ka), Ionization constants of bases

(Kb), Lowery Bronsted acid base concept,

Common-ion effect, Buffer solutions,

Equilibria of slightly soluble ionic

compounds (Solubility product):

Applications of solubility product, Concept

of solutions, Concentration units of

solutions: Percentage composition, Molarity

(Symbol, M), Molality (Symbol, m), Mole

Fraction (Symbol, x), Parts per Million

(Symbol, ppm), Interconversion of various

concentration units of solution, Types of

solutions: Solutions of solids in liquids,

solutions of liquids in liquids, Ideal and non

ideal solutions, Raoult’s Law, Vapour

pressure of liquid-liquid solutions,

Solubility and solubility curves: solubility

curves, fractional crystallization, Colligative

properties of solutions: Colligative,

Lowering of vapour pressure, Elevation of

boiling point, Measurement of boiling point

elevation, Depression of the freezing point

12

3. Determination of number of water

molecules of crystallization in Mohr’s salt

and ferrous sulphate, Determination of

acetic acid in vinegar.

4. Titration of iodine solution against sodium

thiosulphate solution using starch as

indicator.

Recommended Book:

Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C. S.,

Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2009.

Chemistry XI, Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

of solvent by solute, Measurement of

freezing depression. Energetics of solution:

Hydration energy of ions, Hydration and

hydrolysis: Hydration, hydrates and

hydrolysis, Oxidation state and balancing of

redox equations: Oxidation number or state,

To find oxidation number of an element in a

compound or a radical, Balancing of redox

equations by oxidation number method,

balancing redox equations by ion-electron

method, Electrolytic conduction:

Electrochemical cells, Electrolytic cells,

Explanation of Electrolysis, Electrolysis

process of industrial importance, Voltaic or

Galvanic cell, Electrode potential: Standard

hydrogen electrode, measurement of

electrode potential, Electrochemical series:

Applications of electrochemical series,

Modern batteries and fuel cells: Lead

accumulator, Alkaline battery, Silver oxide

battery, Nickel cadmium cell, Fuel cells,

Rate of reaction: Instantaneous and average

rate, Specific rate constant or velocity

constant, Order of reaction, Half life period,

Rate determining step, Determination of

rate of chemical reaction: Physical methods,

Chemical method, Energy of activation,

Finding the order of reaction, Half life

method, Method of large excess, Factors

affecting rates of reactions: Nature of

reactants, Concentration of reactants,

Surface area, Light, Effect of temperature

on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation,

Catalysis: Characteristics of a catalyst,

Activation of catalyst, Enzyme catalysis,

Characteristics of enzyme catalysis.

Practicals:

1. Determination of Na2CO3 in a mixture

of solution.

2. Determination of NaHCO3 in a mixture

solution.

3. Standardization of KMnO4 by solution

by standard Oxalic acid.

4. Determination of number of water

molecules of crystallization in Mohr's

13

salt and ferrous sulphate.

5. Determination of acetic acid in vinegar.

6. Titration of iodine solution against

sodium thiosulphate solution using

starch as indicator.

Recommended Book:

Muhammad, A., Qureshi, S. H., Ullah, C.

S., Khan, M. L., Zia, A., Hussain, A. 2014.


Lahore.

14


Botany-I

Bot-101

4(3-1)

Botany-I

Bot-101

4(3-1)

Theory Biology and some major fields of specialization,

levels of biological organization, Living World in

Space, Living World in Time, Phyletic lineage,

Biological Method, Biology and the service of

mankind, Characteristics of enzymes, mechanism

of enzyme action, factors affecting the rate of

enzyme action, Emergence and Implication of Cell

Theory, Cell as a unit of structure and function,

Structure of a generalized cell (Plasma

membrane, Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic

Reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus,

Lysosomes, Peroxisome, Glyoxysomes,

Vacuoles, cytoskeleton, centriole, mitochondria,

plastids, nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus,

chromosomes, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell,

Characteristics of Cyanobacteria, their economic

importance, Nostoc,, The Algae: Plant like

protists, The Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates,

Diatoms, Brown Algae, Red Algae, Green Algae,

Fungus like protists; Slime molds and water

molds, Body of Fungus, Nutrition in Fungi,

Reproduction, Classification, Classification,

Adaptation to land habitat, Evolution of leaf,

Evolution of seed habit, Pinus life cycle, life cycle

of an angiospermic plant, seed formation, double

fertilization, angiospermic families (rosaceae,

solonaceae, fabaceae, ceasalpinaceae,

mimosaceae, poaceae), Photosynthesis,

Chloroplasts-The sites of photosynthesis in plants,

photosynthetic pigments, Light-the driving

energy, role of carbon dioxide: a photosynthetic

reactant, Reactions of photosynthesis, Non-cyclic

phosphorylation, cyclic phosphorylation,

Respiration; its types and reactions, Autotrophic

nutrition, heterotrophic nutrition, methods of

plant nutrition, nutrition in insectivorous plants,

Photorespiration and its consequences

Introduction, Need for transport of materials,

transport in plants, apoplastic, symplastic and

vacuolar pathways; Water potential, osmotic

Potential, pressure potential, ascent of sap,

Theory Biology and some major fields of

specialization, levels of biological

organization, Living World in Space,

Living World in Time, Phyletic lineage,

Biological Method, Biology and the

service of mankind, Protection and

Conservation of environment,

Characteristics of enzymes, mechanism of

enzyme action, factors affecting the rate of

enzyme action, Inhibitors, Emergence and

Implication of Cell Theory, Cell as a unit

of structure and function, Structure of a

generalized cell (Plasma membrane, Cell

wall, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum,

Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes,

Peroxisome, Glyoxysomes, Vacuoles,

cytoskeleton, centriole, mitochondria,

plastids, nucleus, nuclear membrane,

nucleolus, chromosomes, Prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cell, Nomenclature, Two to five

kingdom classification systems,

Characteristics of Cyanobacteria, their

economic importance, Nostoc, The Algae:

Plant like protists, The Euglenoids,

Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Brown Algae,

Red Algae, Green Algae, Fungus like

protists; Slime molds and water molds,

Body of Fungus, Nutrition in Fungi,

Reproduction, Classification, land

adaptations of Fungi, Importance of Fungi

(Economic gains and losses due to fungi),

Classification, Adaptation to land habitat,

Evolution of leaf, Evolution of seed habit,

Pinus life cycle, life cycle of an

angiospermic plant, seed formation, double

fertilization, angiospermic families

(rosaceae, solonaceae, fabaceae,

ceasalpinaceae, mimosaceae, poaceae),

Photosynthesis, Chloroplasts-The sites of

photosynthesis in plants, photosynthetic

pigments, Light-the driving energy, role of

15

cohesion tension theory, root pressure, guttation

types of transpiration, opening and closing of

stomata, translocation of organic solutes.

Practicals:

1. Laboratory safety techniques, use of

microscope and micrometry of microscopic

objects

2. Study of Chlorella, Volvox, Ulothrix, Ulva,

Ustilago tritici and Penecillium from fresh

materials and prepared slides

3. Examination of Marchantia and Funaria from

fresh material and prepared slides.

4. Study of Adiantum sporophyte and

gametophytes from fresh material and

prepared slides

5. Study of Pinus male and female cones

6. Study of different types inflorescence from

Cassia, Morus, Brassica, Foreniculum,

Avena, Helianthus, Tradescantia, Ipomoea

and Euphorbia

7. Extraction and chromatography of

photosynthetic pigments

8. Effect of glucose on opening and closing of

stomata

9. Investigation on stomatal distribution using

clear nail varnish or epidermal peels

10. Study from prepared slides of internal

structure of monocot and dicot root, stem and

leaf.

Recommended Books:

1. Shakoori, A.R., Iqbal, J., Azizullah,

Hussnain, S., Saeed, H., Zia-ul-Islam,

Masood, K.R., Tariq, A., Iqbal, J., Cheema,

S.N., Mughal, J.U.I., Saeed, A.R. and Sabri,

A. 2009. Biology XI. Punjab Text Book

Board, Lahore.

2. Shakoori, A.R., A. M. Cheema, H. Saeed, R.

M. Khan, N. Usmani, A. R. Saeed, J. I. Qazi,

J.A.Wahla, Farkhanda, S. S. Hameed. 2009.

Biology XII. Punjab Textbook Board,

Lahore.

carbon dioxide: a photosynthetic reactant,

Reactions of photosynthesis, Non-cyclic

phosphorylation, cyclic phosphorylation,

Respiration; its types and reactions,

Autotrophic nutrition, heterotrophic

nutrition, methods of plant nutrition,

nutrition in insectivorous plants, Need of

respiratory gas exchange, advantages and

disadvantages of gas exchange in air and in

water, gaseous exchange in plants,

Photorespiration and its consequences,

Introduction, Need for transport of

materials, transport in plants, apoplastic,

symplastic and vacuolar pathways; Water

potential, osmotic Potential, pressure

potential, ascent of sap, cohesion tension

theory, root pressure, guttation types of

transpiration, opening and closing of

stomata, translocation of organic solutes.

Practicals:

1. Laboratory safety techniques, use of

microscope and micrometry of

microscopic objects

2. Study of Chlorella, Volvox, Ulothrix,

Ulva, Ustilago tritici and Penecillium

from fresh materials and prepared

slides

3. Examination of Marchantia and

Funaria from fresh material and

prepared slides.

4. Study of Adiantum sporophyte and

gametophytes from fresh material and

prepared slides

5. Study of Pinus male and female cones

6. Study of different types inflorescence

from Cassia, Morus, Brassica,

Foreniculum, Avena, Helianthus,

Tradescantia, Ipomoea and Euphorbia

7. Extraction and chromatography of

photosynthetic pigments

8. Effect of glucose on opening and

closing of stomata

9. Investigation on stomatal distribution

using clear nail varnish or epidermal

peels

16

10. Study from prepared slides of internal

structure of monocot and dicot root,

stem and leaf.

Recommended Books:



Masood, K.R., Tariq, A., Iqbal, J.,

Cheema, S.N., Mughal, J.U.I., Saeed,

A.R. and Sabri, A. 2013. Biology XI.

Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

2. Shakoori, A.R., A. M. Cheema, H.

Saeed, R. M. Khan, N. Usmani, A. R.

Saeed, J. I. Qazi, J.A.Wahla,

Farkhanda, S. S. Hameed. 2013.


Lahore.

17


Botany-II

Bot-202

4(3-1)

Botany-II

Bot-202

4(3-1)

Theory Osmoregulation in plants, Excretion in plants,

Support in plants, Sclerenchyma, Collenchyma,

Significance of Secondary growth, movements

in plants, role of plant growth substances in

plant movement, Introduction, coordination in

plants, responses to environmental stresses in

plants, defense against pathogens in plants,

biological clocks, circadian rhythms, plant

hormones; Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins,

abscisic acid, ethane, Reproduction in plants;

Parthenocarpy; Seed dormancy; Fruit set and fruit

ripening; Photoperiodism; Vernalisation; Tissue

culture and cloning, Plant growth and

development in plants; Meristems, types of

growth; Conditions of growth and growth

correlations, Types of chromosomes, composition

of chromosome; Chromosomal theory of

inheritance; DNA as heredity material; Chemical

nature and structure of DNA; DNA replication,

transcription, translation, mutations, Cell cycle;

Mitosis and Meiosis, necrosis and apoptosis,

Genes, alleles and gene pool; Mendel’s laws of

inheritance; Dominance relations, Sex

determination in plants, Gene cloning;

Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, Gene

sequencing and human genome project;

Biotechnology products; Transgenic bacteria;

plants and animals; Gene therapy; In vitro

fertilization of plant egg and its importance;

Genetic engineering, Agricultural plants with

improved traits, Introduction, Ecosytem,

Biosphere, Autecology and synecology;

Components of Ecosystem, Intractions between

biotic and abiotic components, food chain, food

web, succession and its types, predation and

parasitism and its significance, symbiosis,

commensalism, grazing, biogeochemical cycles,

nitrogen depletion and its remedies, the flow of

energy in food chain of an ecosystem,

some major ecosystems in Pakistan.

Theory Concepts of homeostasis, osmoregulation,

osmoregulation in plants, Excretion in plants,

Support in plants, Sclerenchyma,

Collenchyma, Significance of Secondary

growth, movements in plants, role of plant

growth substances in plant movement,

Introduction, coordination in plants,

responses to environmental stresses in plants,

defense against pathogens in plants,

biological clocks, circadian rhythms, plant

hormones; Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins,

abscisic acid, ethane, Reproduction in plants;

Parthenocarpy; Seed dormancy; Fruit set and

fruit ripening; Photoperiodism; Vernalisation;

Tissue culture and cloning, Plant growth and

development in plants; Meristems, types of

growth; Conditions of growth and growth

correlations, Types of chromosomes,

composition of chromosome; Chromosomal

theory of inheritance; DNA as heredity

material; Chemical nature and structure of

DNA; DNA replication, genetic code,

transcription, translation, mutations, Cell cycle;

Mitosis and Meiosis, necrosis and apoptosis,

Genes, alleles and gene pool; Mendel’s laws of

inheritance; Dominance relations, Sex

determination in plants, Gene cloning;

Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, Gene

sequencing and human genome project;

Biotechnology products; Transgenic bacteria;

Transgenic bacteria, plants and animals; Gene

therapy; In vitro fertilization of plant egg and

its importance; Tissue culture, Genetic

engineering, Agricultural plants with improved

traits, Introduction, Ecosytem, Biosphere,

Autecology and synecology; Components of

Ecosystem, Intractions between biotic and

abiotic components, food chain, food web,

succession and its types, predation and

parasitism and its significance, symbiosis,

commensalism, grazing, biogeochemical

18

Practicals:

1. Determination of osmosis in living onion

cells of spirogyra

2. Determination of solute potential of cell sap

using the method of incipient plasmolysis

3. Effect of different concentration of salts or

sugars solutions on plant cells

4. Investigation of movement in plants

5. Effect of indole acetic acid on the oat

coleoptiles (or germinating barley seeds)

6. DNA extraction, PCR and gel

electrophoresis (only demonstration)

7. Benedict’s test for reducing sugars

8. Million’s Biuret test for proteins

9. Iodine test for starch

10. Sudan-III test for fats and oils

Recommended Books




S.N., Mughal, J.U.I., Saeed, A.R. and

Sabri, A. 2009. Biology XI. Punjab Text

Book Board, Lahore.

2. Shakoori, A.R., A. M. Cheema, H. Saeed,

R. M. Khan, N. Usmani, A. R. Saeed, J. I.

Qazi, J.A.Wahla, Farkhanda, S. S. Hameed.

2009. Biology XII. Punjab Textbook

Board, Lahore.

cycles, nitrogen depletion and its remedies, the

flow of energy in food chain of an ecosystem,

Climate, aquatic ecosystem, productivity of

aquatic ecosystem, fresh water lakes,

intervention of man in aquatic ecosystem,

terrestrial or lithospheric ecosystem, division

of terrestrial ecosystem, some major

ecosystems in Pakistan.

Practicals:

1. Determination of osmosis in living onion

cells of spirogyra

2. Determination of solute potential of cell

sap using the method of incipient

plasmolysis

3. Effect of different concentration of salts

or sugars solutions on plant cells

4. Investigation of movement in plants

5. Effect of indole acetic acid on the oat

coleoptiles (or germinating barley seeds)

6. DNA extraction, PCR and gel

electrophoresis (only demonstration)

7. Benedict’s test for reducing sugars

8. Million’s Biuret test for proteins

9. Iodine test for starch

10. Sudan-III test for fats and oils

Recommended Books









Saeed, J. I. Qazi, J.A.Wahla, Farkhanda,

S. S. Hameed. 2013. Biology XII.


19


Mathematics-I

Math-101

4(4-0)

Mathematics-I

Math-101

4(4-0)

Theory Number system; Basic set theory: set of

integers, set of rational numbers, set of real

numbers, properties of sets, subset, power set,

Operations on sets, Properties of union and

intersection, Venn diagram and groups,

Matrices: Basic definitions, determinant of a

square matrix, Properties of Determinants,

inverse of a square matrix, row operations,

echelon form, rank of a matrix and system of

linear equations with applications. Cramer’s

Rule, Polynomial equations: linear equations,

quadratic equations, higher order equations and

their roots Reducible of the Quadratic

Equation, radical equations, reciprocal

equations, exponential equations, Three Cubes

roots of Unity, Four Fourth roots of Unity,

Polynomial function, Theorems, Synthetics

Division, Relations between the roots and the

coefficients of a quadratic equations, Formation

of an equation Whose roots are Given, Nature

of the roots of a Quadratic equation, System of

two equation involving two variables, Problems

on Quadratic equation, Permutation,

Combination and Probability, Introduction,

Permutation, circular Permutation, sample

space, event Combinations, Probability,

binomial theorem and the principle of

mathematical induction Mathematical

Induction and Binomial Theorem, Introduction,

Principle of Mathematical Induction, Principle

of Extended Mathematical Induction, Binomial

Theorem, The Binomial Theorem when the

index n is a negative integer or a fraction,

Application of the Binomial Theorem.

Recommended Book:

Lodhi, M.S., Ghauri, S.M., Bhatti, S. and

Saleem, K. 2009. Mathematics XI. Punjab Text

Book Board, Lahore.

Theory Rational Numbers and Irrational Numbers,

Properties of Real Numbers, Addition Laws,

Multiplication, Properties of Equality

and Inequalities, Complex Numbers,

Operations on Complex Numbers, Complex

Numbers as Ordered Pairs of Real Numbers,

Properties of the Fundamental

Operations on Complex Numbers, The Real

Line, The Real Plane or The Coordinate

Plane, Geometrical Representation of

Complex Numbers, The Complex Plane, To

Find real and imaginary parts, Sets,

Operations on Sets,Venn Diagrams,

Operations on Three Sets, Properties of

Union and Intersection Inductive and

Deductive Logic, Aristotelian and Non-

Aristotelian Logics, Symbolic Logic

Implication or conditional Biconditional,

Conditionals related with a given

conditional, Tautologies, Quantifiers Truth

Sets a Link between Set Theory and Logic,

Relations, Functions, Linear and Quadratic

Functions, Inverse of a Function, Binary

Operations, Properties of Binary Operations,

Groups, Solution of Linear Equations,

Reversal Law of Inverses, Matrices,

Addition of Matrices, Scalar Multiplication,

Subtraction of Matrices, Multiplication of

two Matrices, Determinants of a 2 x 2

Matrix, Singular and Non-Singular Matrices,

Adjoint of 2 x2 Matrix, Inverse of a 2x2

Matrix Solution of Simultaneous Linear,

Field, Properties of Matrix Addition, Scalar

and Matrix Multiplication, Determinants,

Minor and Cofactor of an Element of a

Matrix, Determinant of a square Matrix of

Order 𝑛 ≥ 3, Properties of Determinants

which Help in their Evaluation, Adjoint and

Inverse of a Square Matrix of Order 𝑛 ≥ 3,

Elementary Row and Column Operations on

a Matrix, Echelon and Reduced Echelon

20

Forms, System of Linear Equations,

Homogeneous Linear Equations, Non-

Homogeneous Linear Equations, Cramer’s

Rule, Sequences, Arithmetic Progression

(A.P), Arithmetic Mean (A.M), Series, Word

Problems on A.P, Geometric Progression

(G.P), Geometric Means, Sum of n Terms of

a Geometric Series, The Infinite Geometric

Series, Word Problems on G.P, Harmonic

Progression (H.P), Harmonic Mean,

Relations Between Arithmetic Geometric

and Harmonic Means, Sigma Nation, To

Find the Formula for the Sums, Permutation,

Permutation of Things not All Defferent,

Circular Permutation, Combinations,

Complementary Combination, Probability,

Probability that an Event does not Occur,

Estimating Probability, and Tally Marks,

Addition of Probabilities, Multiplication of

Probabilities, Principle of Mathematical

Induction, Principle of Extended

Mathematical Induction, Binomial Theorem,

The Middle Term in the Expansion of (a +

x)n, Some

Deductions from the Binomial Expansion of

(a + x)n, The Binomial Theorem when the

Index n is a negative Integer or a Fracion,

Application of the Binomial Theorem.

Recommended Book:


Saleem, K. 2014. Mathematics XI. Punjab

Text Book Board, Lahore.

21


Mathematics-II

Math-102

4(4-0)

Mathematics-II

Math-102

4(4-0)

Theory Curve tracing: line, parabola, ellipse, circle,

Tangents and Normals, slope of a line, equation

of a line in different forms, distance between

two lines, intercepts of a curve, Scalars and

vectors: physical quantities, magnitude of a

vector, direction of a vector, unit vector,

position vector, dot product, cross product,

triple products, gradient of a scalar function,

divergence of a vector and curl of a vector,

Fundamentals of Trigonometry trigonometric

ratios, Pythagoras theorem, angle between two

rays, units of angle, Relation between the length

of an arc of a circle and the circular measure of

its central angle, General Angle (Coterminal

angles), trigonometric identities, Deductions

from Fundamental Law, Trigonometric Ratios

of allied Angles, Further Application of Basic

Identities, Double Angle Identities, Half Angle

Identities, Triple Angle Identities, Sum,

Difference and Product of Sines and Cosines,

Introduction, Period of Trigonometric

Functions, Values of Trigonometric Functions,

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions, Solution of

right triangle, angle of elevation and depression,

solution of oblique triangle, law of sines cosines

and tangents, area of triangle, circles connected

with triangles, Inverse trigonometric function,

Trigonometric equations, solution of general

trigonometric functions.

Recommended Book:


Saleem, K. 2009. Mathematics XI. Punjab Text

Book Board, Lahore.

Theory Quadratic Equations, Solution of Quadratic

Equations, Equations Reducible to the

Quadratic Equation, Three Cube Roots of

Unity, Properties of Cube Roots of Unity,

Four Fourth Roots of Unity, Properties of

Four Fourth Roots of Unity, Remainder

theorem, Synthetic Division, Relations

Between the Roots and the Coefficients of a

Quadratic Equations, Formation of an

Equation Whose Roots are Given, Nature of

the Roots of a Quadratic Equation, System of

Two Equations Involving Two Variable,

Problems on Quadratic Equations.

Rational Fraction, Proper Rational Fraction,

Improper Rational Fraction,

Resolution of a Rational Fraction 𝑃(𝑥)

𝑄(𝑥) into

Partial Fractions, Trigonometric Functions,

Fundamental Identities, Signs of the

Trignonometric functions, The Values of

Trigonomtric Functions of Acute Angles

30°, 45°and 60°, The values of the

Trigonometric Functions of angles 0, 90°,

180°,270°, 360°, Domains of Trigonometric

Functions and Fundamental Identities,

Fundamental Laws of Trigonometry,

Deductions from Fundamental Laws,

Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles,

Double Angle Identities, Half Angle

Identities, Triple Angle Identities, Sum,

Difference and Product of Sines and

Cosines, Domains and Ranges of Sine and

Cosine Fuctions, Domains and Ranges of

Tangent and Cotangent Functions, Domain

and Range of Secant Function, Domain and

Range of Cosecant Function, Period of

Trigonometric Functions, Values of

Trigonometric Functions, Graphs of

Trigonometric Functions,

Graph of y = sin x from -2𝜋 to 2𝜋

Graph of y = cos x from - 2𝜋 to 𝜋

Graph of y = tan x from -𝜋 to 𝜋

22

Graph of y = cot x from -2𝜋 to 𝜋

Graph of y = sec x from - 2𝜋 to 2𝜋

Graph of y = esc x from -2𝜋 to 2𝜋

Solution of Right Triangles

(a) Heights and Distances

(b) Angles of Elevation and Depression

Engineering and heights and Distances

Oblique Triangles, The Law of Cosine, Sines

and Tangents, Half Angle Formulas

Solutions of Oblique Triangles,

Case I: When measures of one side and two

angles are given, Case 2: When measures of

two sides and their included angles are

given, Cast 3: When measures of three sides

are given, Area of Triangle, Circles

Connected with Triangle, Circum - Circle,

In-Circle, Escribed Circles, Engineering and

Circles Connected with Triangles, The

Inverse Sine Function, The Inverse Cosine

Function, Inverse Tangent Function, Inverse

Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant Functions,

Domains and Ranges of Principal

Trigonometric Function and Inverse

Trigonometric Functions and Subtraction

Formulas, Solution of General Trigonometric

Equations.

Recommended Book:


Saleem, K. 2014. Mathematics XI. Punjab

Text Book Board, Lahore.

23


English-I

Eng-103

4(4-0)

English-I

Eng-103

4(4-0)

Theory All forms and patterns of tenses; present, past &

future; parts of speech.

Novel

Good Bye Mr. Chips

Recommended Books:

1. Cams, H. 2009. Good-Bye Mr. Chips. Oxford

University Press, Karachi, Pakistan

2. Hashemi, L. and R. Murphy. 2004. English

Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

3. Royal.B. 2011. The Little Gold Grammar

Book. Maven Publishing, Alberta, Canada.

4. Sandra, S. and J. Scarry .2007. Learning

Express editor 501 Reading Comprehension

Questions Skill builder with Practice, Learning

Express.L.L.C, New York, USA

5. Swan, M. 2010. Practical English Usage.

Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

6. Wren, P.C, and H. Martin, 2012. High School

English Grammar & Composition, Chand &

Company Ltd, New Dehli, India.

Theory Concept of time and aspect of tenses to

facilitate the accurate usage of tenses :

indefinite tense, continuous tense, perfect

tense and perfect continuous tense with

interactive English to English exercises;

Parts of Speech : identification and functions

of word classes: Noun: kinds of noun,

number, case; Verb: transitive verb,

intransitive verb; Adverb: kinds of adverb,

position of adverb; Adjective: kinds of

adjectives, degrees of comparison; pronouns,

kinds of pronoun; conjunction: kinds of

conjunction; interjection; preposition;

spelling rules, gap filled exercises of tricky

words; vocabulary building : pair of words;

Reading and comprehension skills

development: Novel Good-Bye Mr. Chips

with text based Short Answer Questions,

character analysis and synonyms with

MCQs.

Recommended Books:

1. Cams, H. 2009. Good-Bye Mr. Chips,

Oxford University Press, Karachi,

Pakistan

2. Hashemi, L. and R. Murphy. 2004.

English Grammar in Use Supplementary

Exercises, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, UK.

3. Royal.B. 2011. The Little Gold Grammar

Book. Maven Publishing, Alberta,

Canada.

4. Sandra, S. and J. Scarry. 2007. Learning

Express editor 501 Reading

comprehension Questions Skill builder

with Practice, Learning Express.L.L.C,

New York, USA

5. Swan, M. 2010. Practical English Usage.


6. Wren, P.C, and H. Martin, 2012. High

School English Grammar &

Composition, New Dehli, India.

24


English-II

Eng-103

4(4-0)

English-II

Eng-103

4(4-0)

Theory Button, Button, Clearing in the Sky, Dark they

were, and Golden Eyed, Thank you, M’am, The

Piece of String, The Reward, The Use of Force,

The Gulistan of Sadi, The Foolish Quack, A

Mild Attack of Locusts, I Have a Dream,The

Gift of Magi,God be Praised, Overcoat, The

Angel and The Author and Others, Phrasal

verbs; Participles, Gerund, infinitive,

Active/Passive Voice, Using the words really,

certainly, definitely, so and such (in spoken

English) e.g. thank you so much for inviting us.

It was such a lovely party. I really enjoyed it,

Inversions, Sentences with ‘if’, After as: After

neither – nor, so: Under negative adverbial

expressions: hardly any money, with ‘only’, In

exclamations: After adverbial expressions of

place followed by intransitive verbs, Speech

with (here/there) indicating surprise: After only

and negative adverbial expressions at the

beginning of sentences, indicating comparisons

or negative sense.

Recommended Books:

1. Chaudhary, B. A. 2009. English Book-I,

publisher; Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore,

Pakistan.

2. Hashemi, L and R. Murphy.2004. English


Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

USA.

3. Swan, M.2010. Practical English Usage,


4. Wren. P.C,& H. Martin. 2012. High School



Theory Reading and comprehension skills development:

Book-I Short stories (15 stories:1.Button, Button

Clearing in the Sky, Dark they were, and Golden

Eyed, Thank you, M’am, The Piece of String, The

Reward, The Use of Force, The Gulistan of Sadi

The Foolish Quack 10.A Mild Attack of Locusts, I

Have a Dream 12.The Gift of Magi 13.God be

Praised, Overcoat, The Angel and The Author and

Others; Translation of any passage from Book-I,

text based Short Answer Question, comprehension

passage; Synonyms with MCQs; Retranslation: A

continuous Prose Passage from Book-I English

into Urdu OR English candidates whose medium

of examination is English will write an essay on

unseen topic ; Writing Skills: Letter Writing,

(Personal/ Official letters); Story writing: writing

of a story illustrating moral lesson; Vocabulary:

phrasal verb of current usage; Punctuation Skills:

At sentence level, continuous paragraph, revision

of Parts of speech, Translation skills: Urdu to

English translation at sentential level and at a

passage level with special focus on the usage of

auxiliary verbs, model verbs, causative verbs,

subjunctive mood of verb, Correlative

Conjunctions and conditional sentences: probable,

improbable and impossible conditions;

Active/Passive Voice; Participles, Gerund,

infinitive.

Recommended Books:

1. Chaudhary, B. A. 2009. English Book-I,

publisher; Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore,

Pakistan.

2. Hashemi, L and R. Murphy.2004. English


Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, USA.

3. Swan, M.2010. Practical English Usage,


4. Wren. P.C,& H. Martin. 2012. High School



25


Pakistan Studies

SSH-104

3(3 - 0)

Pakistan Studies

SSH-104

3(3 - 0)

Theory Ideology of Pakistan, Quaid –i-Azam’s Role in

the Development of two Nation Theory

/Ideology of Pakistan, Allama Iqbal and Two

nation Theory, Principles of Ideology, Pakistan:

The result of Muslim’s Struggle,Ali Garh

Movement, Khilafat Movement, Establishment

of Muslim League, Factors for Demand of

Pakistan, Pakistan Resolution, Cripps Mission,

Simla Conference, Elections 1945-46, Cabinet

Mission Plan, 3rd June Plan, The Law of

Independence 1947, Early Problems, Pakistan;

An introduction, Location, Geostrategic

Position, Relief of Pakistan, Plains, Climate of

Pakistan, Effects of Climate on Human life,

Objectives of resolution 1949, Islamic

provisions in the constitutional documents:

1950, 1962, 1973, Difficulties in the way of

implementing Islamic provisions, Rights and

duties, Human rights, salient features, World

Human Rights Declaration-1948, Khutba

Hujjat-ul-Vida, the comprehensive charter of

Human Rights, Introduction, Federal

Government – Various Institutions and their

functions, Salient Features of Culture of

Pakistan, National integration and Cohesion:

meaning of national integration, problems in the

way to national integration in Pakistan,

Importance of Economic Planning, Agricultural

Development, Industrial Development,

Definition of foreign policy, Principles of the

foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives of the

foreign policy of Pakistan, Determinants of the

foreign policy of Pakistan, foreign policy of

Pakistan with China, India, Iran, USA,

Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, A glimpse of World

affairs and our foreign policy.

Recommended Books:

Malik F. M. 2009. Pakistan Studies (Urdu &

English Version), Punjab Text Book Board,

Lahore.

Theory Ideology of Pakistan, Concepts, components,

Islam, Democracy, Social Justice, Basic Human

rights, Pakistan: The result of Muslim’s Struggle,

Ali Garh Movement, Khilafat Movement,

Establishment of Muslim League, Pakistan

Resolution, Cripps Mission, Simla Conference,

Elections 1945-46, Cabinet Mission Plan, 3rd June

Plan, The Law of Independence 1947,

Emergence of Pakistan, Early Problems faced by

Pakistan, Introductory Remarks, Red cliff Award,

administrative Problems, Influx of Refugees,

Divisionn of assets, Division of armed forces,

Water Dispute, Princely states, National solidarity,

the vision of Quaid e azam, Ways and means to

resolve problems, Physiography of Pakistan,

Climatic zones of Pakistan, Economic growth and

regional Disparities, influence of climate on

human life, Pakistan; An introduction, Location,

Geostrategic Position, Relief of Pakistan,

attraction for tourists, Gateway to land locked

countries, Map reading, Objectives of Resolution

1949, Islamic provisions in the constitutional

documents: 1950, 1962, 1973, Steps towards

Islamization during zia Period, Difficulties in the

way of implementing Islamic provisions, Rights

and duties, Human rights, salient features, World

Human Rights Declaration-1948, Khutba Hujjat-

ul-Vida, the comprehensive charter of Human

Rights, Introduction, Federal Government –

Various Institutions and their functions, Supreme

Court, Provincial Governments and their

functions, Administration in the era of Hazrat

Umar (R,A), Devolution of Power, Islamic

perspective of good governance, Obstacles and

remedies in the way to good governance, Meaning

and Significance of Culture, Ancient Civilization

with reference to Pakistan, Salient Features of

Culture of Pakistan, The Cultural Heritage of

Pakistan, Gender Issues- Equality, Rights of

women in Islam. Policies for women participation

in sociopolitical affairs of Pakistan, Languages as

26

vhicle of cultural integration and human

relationship, Urdu – National Language: historical

development, Regional Languages in Pakistan:

Punjabi, Pushto, sindhi, Balochi, National

integration and Cohesion: meaning of national

integration, Significant in an Islamic democratic

State, problems in the way to national cohesion

and integration in Pakistan, Remedial measures.

My, your and our role, Economic Planning and

Development in Islamic Republic of Pakistan,

Meaning, Importance of Economic Planning,

Agricultural Development, Industrial

Development, Trade and commerce, Natural

rources Development and their conservation,

Education, Health, Economic Development of

Pakistan in the light of five years plans(1955-

1988), 1. Strategy 2. Targets 3. Achievments, An

overview of the plans as whole, Definition of

foreign policy, Principles of the foreign policy of

Pakistan, Objectives of the foreign policy of

Pakistan, Determinants of the Foreign Policy of

Pakistan, Foreign Policy of Pakistan with China,

India, Iran, USA, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, A

glimpse of World affairs and our foreign policy :

Success and failure

Recommended Books:

Malik F. M. 2009. Pakistan Studies (Urdu &

English Version), Punjab Text Book Board,

Lahore.

27

PROPOSED COURSE CONTENTS EXISTING COURSE CONTENTS

IS-101 IS-101

3(3-0) 3(3-0)

28


Physics-III

PY-201

4(3-1)

Physics-III

PY-201

4(3-1)

Theory Coulomb’s Law, Fields of Force, Electric Field

Lines, Application of Electrostatics, Electric

Flux, Electric Flux Trough a Surface Enclosing

a Charge, Gauss’s Law, Application of Gauss’s

Law, Electric Potential, Electron volt,

Capacitor, Capacitance of Parallel Plate

Capacitor, Electric Polarization of Dielectrics,

Energy Stored in A capacitor, Charge and

Discharging a Capacitor, Electric Current,

Source of Current, Effect of Current, OHM’S

Law, Resistivity and its Dependence upon

Temperature, Resistance; Color code for

Carbon Resistances, Electric Power and Power

Dissipation in Resistors, Electromotive Force

(EMF) and Potential Difference, Kirchhoff’s

Rules, Wheatstone Bridge, Potentiometer,

Magnetic Field due to Current in a long Straight

Wire, Force on current carrying Conductor in a

Uniform Magnetic Field, Magnetic Flux and

Flux Density, Ampere’s Law Determination

Flux Density B, Force on a Moving Charge in a

Magnetic Field, Motion of Charged Particle in

an Electric and magnetic fields, e/m of an

Electron, Cathode ray Oscilloscope, Torque on

a Current Carrying coil, Galvanometer, AVO

Meter / Multimeter, Induced EMF and Induced

Current, Motional EMF, Faraday’s Law and

Induced EMF, Lenz’s Law and Direction of

Induced EMF, Mutual Induction, Self

Induction, Energy Stored in an Inductor,

Alternating current Generator, DC generator,

Back Motor Effect in Generators, D.C. Motor,

Back EMF in Motors, Transformer, A.C.

Circuits, A.C. Trough a Resistor, A.C. Trough a

Capacitor, A.C. Trough an Indicator,

Impendence, R-C and R-L Series Circuits,

Power in A. C circuits , Series resonant Circuit,

Parallel Resonance Circuit, Three Phase A.C

Supply, Electromagnetic waves, Principle of

Generation, Transmission and Reception of

Electromagnetic Wave, Modulation.

Theory Coulomb’s Law, Fields of Force, Electric

Field Lines, Applications of Electrostatics,

Electric Flux, Electric Flux Trough a Surface

Enclosing a Charge, Gauss’s Law,

Applications of Gauss’s Law, Electric

Potential, Electron volt, Electric and

Gravitational Force (a comparison), Charge

on an Electron by Millikan’s method,

Capacitor, Capacitance of a Parallel Plate

Capacitor, Electric Polarization of Dielectrics,

Energy Stored in A capacitor, Charging and

Discharging a Capacitor, Electric Current,

Source of Current, Effects of Current, Ohm’s

Law, Resistivity and its Dependence upon

Temperature, Color code for Carbon

Resistances, Electric Power and Power

Dissipation in Resistors, Electromotive Force

(EMF) and Potential Difference, Kirchhoff’s

Rules, Wheatstone Bridge, Potentiometer,

Magnetic Field due to Current in a long

Straight Wire, Force on current carrying

Conductor in a Uniform Magnetic Field,

Magnetic Flux and Flux Density, Ampere’s

Law and Determination Flux Density B,

Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic

Field, Motion of Charged Particle in an

Electric and magnetic fields, Determination of

e/m of an Electron, Cathode ray Oscilloscope,

Torque on a Current Carrying coil,

Galvanometer, AVO Meter- Multimeter,

Induced EMF and Induced Current, Motional

EMF, Faraday’s Law and Induced EMF,

Lenz’s Law and Direction of Induced EMF,

Mutual Induction, Self Induction, Energy

Stored in an Inductor, Alternating current

Generator, DC generator, Back Motor Effect

in Generators, D.C. Motor, Back EMF in

Motors, Transformer, Alternating Current,

A.C. Circuits, A.C. Trough a Resistor, A.C.

Trough a Capacitor, A.C. Trough an

Inductor, Impendence, R-C and R-L Series

29

Practicals:

1. To find the resistance of a wire by slide wire

bridge.

2. To find the resistance of a galvanometer by

half deflection method.

3. To find the resistance of a voltmeter by

drawing a graph between R and 1/V.

4. Conversion of Galvanometer into Ammeter.

5. Conversion of Galvanometer into

Voltmeter.

6. To find the internal resistance of a cell using

a potentiometer.

7. To determine the internal resistance of a cell

using a potentiometer.

8. Relation between current passing through a

tungsten filament lamp and the potential

applied across it.

9. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of

a circular coil.

10. Charging and discharging of a capacitor and

to measure its time constant.

11. Relation between current and capacitance

when different capacitors are used in AC

circuits.

Recommended Books: 1. Saleemi, F., Shahid, M.A., Butt, Z., Ahmad,

S.A., Qureshi, N.A., Akhtar, S.M., Nisar,

M., Ghauuri, I. M., Rafiq, M., Sahi, M.R.,

Khan, M.N. 2009. Physics XII, Punjab




Edition) Heinemann educational publishers.

Circuits, Power in A.C circuits , Series

resonant Circuit, Parallel Resonance Circuit,

Three Phase A.C Supply, Principal of Metal

Detectors, Choke, Electromagnetic waves,

Principle of Generation, Transmission and

Reception of Electromagnetic Wave,

Modulation.

Practicals:

1. To find the resistance of a wire by slide

wire bridge.

2. To find the resistance of a galvanometer

by half deflection method.

3. To find the resistance of a voltmeter by

drawing a graph between R and 1/V.

4. Variation of resistance of thermister with

temperature


Ammeter.


Voltmeter.

7. To find the internal resistance of a cell

using a potentiometer.

8. To determine the emf of a cell using a

potentiometer.

9. Relation between current passing through

a tungsten filament lamp and the potential

applied across it.

10. Variation of magnetic field along the axis

of a circular coil.

11. Charging and discharging of a capacitor

and to measure its time constant.

12. Relation between current and capacitance

when different capacitors are used in AC

circuits.

Recommended Books: 1. Saleemi, F., Shahid, M.A., Butt, Z.,

Ahmad, S.A., Qureshi, N.A., Akhtar,

S.M., Nisar, M., Ghauuri, I. M., Rafiq, M.,

Sahi, M.R., Khan, M.N. 2014. Physics

XII, Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.




publishers.

30


Physics-IV

PY-202

4(3-1)

Physics-IV

PY-202

4(3-1)

Theory Classification of Solids, Mechanical Properties

of Solids, Electrical Properties of Solids,

Magnetic Properties of Solids, Superconductors,

Brief review of p-n Junction and its

Characteristics, Rectification, Specially

Designed P-N Junction, Transistors, Transistor

as an Amplifier, Transistor as a Switch,

Operational Amplifier, Op-AMP as Inverting

Amplifier, Op-AMP as non Inverting Amplifier,

Digital System, Fundamental Logic Gate, Other

Logic Gates, Relative Motion, Frame of

Reference, Special Theory of Relativity, Black

Body Radiation, Interaction of Electromagnetic

Radiation with Matter, Annihilation of Matter,

Wave Nature of Particles, Uncertainty Principle,

Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom, Inner

shell Transitions and Characteristic X-Rays,

Uncertainty Within The Atom, LASER, Atomic

Nucleus, Mass Defect And Binding Energy,

Radioactivity, Half Life, Interaction Of

Radiation With Matter, Radiation Detectors,

Nuclear Reactions, Nuclear Fission, Fusion

Reaction, Radiation Exposure, Biological Effects

Of Radiations, Biological And Medical Uses Of

Radiation, Basic Forces Of Nature, Modern view

of building Blocks Of Matter.

Practicals:

1. Characterization of a semiconductor diode

and calculation of forward and reverse

current resistance.

2. Characteristics of a PNP/NPN transistor.

3. Study of variation of electric current with

intensity of light using a photocell.

4. To estimate the value of Plank’s constant by

using photocell tube and coloured light

filters.

5. Measurement of DC and AC voltage by

cathode ray oscilloscope.

6. To verify truth table for various logic gates.

7. To make Burglar Alarm using NAND gate.

Theory Classification of Solids, Mechanical

Properties of Solids, Electrical Properties of

Solids, Superconductors, Magnetic

Properties of Solids, Brief review of p-n

Junction and its Characteristics,

Rectification, Specially Designed p-n

Junctions, Transistors, Transistor as an

Amplifier, Transistor as a Switch,

Operational Amplifier, Op-AMP as

Inverting Amplifier, Op-AMP as non

Inverting Amplifier, Op-AMP as a

Comparator, Comparator as a Night Switch,

Digital Systems, Fundamental Logic Gates,

Other Logic Gates, Application of gates in

controlled systems, Relative Motion,

Frames of Reference, Special Theory of

Relativity, Black Body Radiation,

Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation

with Matter, Annihilation of Matter, Wave

Nature of Particles, Uncertainty Principle,

Atomic Spectra, Bohr’s Model of The

Hydrogen Atom, Inner shell Transitions and

Characteristic X-Rays, Uncertainty Within

The Atom, LASER, Atomic Nucleus,

Isotopes, Mass Defect And Binding Energy,

Radioactivity, Half Life, Interaction of

Radiation With Matter, Radiation Detectors,

Nuclear Reactions, Nuclear Fission, Fusion

Reaction, Radiation Exposure, Biological

Effects of Radiations, Biological and

Medical Uses of Radiation, Basic Forces of

Nature, Building Blocks of Matter.

Practicals:

1. Characterization of a semiconductor

diode and calculation of forward and

reverse current resistance.

2. Characteristics of a NPN transistor.

3. Study of variation of electric current

with intensity of light using a photocell.

4. To estimate the value of Plank’s

31

8. To make a Fire Alarm using a NOT gate.

9. Determination of a high resistance by Neon

Flash Lamp.

10. To determine e/m of electrons by Deflection

Method.

Recommended Books: 1. Saleemi, F., Shahid, M.A., Butt, Z., Ahmad,

S.A., Qureshi, N.A., Akhtar, S.M., Nisar, M.,

Ghauuri, I. M., Rafiq, M., Sahi, M.R., Khan,

M.N. 2009. Physics XII, Punjab Textbook

Board, Lahore.



Edition) Heinemann educational publishers.

constant by using photocell tube and

coloured light filters.

5. Measurement of DC and AC voltage by

cathode ray oscilloscope.

6. To verify truth table for logic gates.

7. To make Burglar Alarm using NAND

gate.

8. To make a Fire Alarm using a NOT

gate.

9. Characteristics of a G.M tube

10. Determination of a high resistance by

Neon Flash Lamp.

11. To determine e/m of electrons by

Deflection Method (teltron tube)

Recommended Books: 1. Saleemi, F., Shahid, M.A., Butt, Z.,

Ahmad, S.A., Qureshi, N.A., Akhtar,

S.M., Nisar, M., Ghauuri, I. M., Rafiq,

M., Sahi, M.R., Khan, M.N. 2014.

Physics XII, Punjab Textbook Board,

Lahore.




publishers.

32


Chemistry-III

Chem-201

4(3-1)

Chemistry-III

Chem-201

4(3-1)

Theory Introduction, historical background of Periodic

table, improvements in Mendeleev’s periodic

table,periodic table, Periodic trends in physical

properties, Periodic relationship in compounds,

Position of Hydrogen, Introduction s-block

elements, Commercial preparation of sodium and

sodium hydroxide, Role of gypsum and lime in

agriculture and industry, Introduction of group

IIIA elements, Compounds of boron, Reactions

of Aluminum, occurrence, compounds of carbon

and silicon, Group VA and Group V1A

Elements: introduction of Group VA elements,

General characteristics, nitrogen and its

compounds, phosphorous and its compounds,

Group V1A Elements: introduction of Group VA

elements: General characteristics, occurrence,

comparison of oxygen and sulphur, uses,

oxidizing properties, compounds of halogens,

commercial uses of halogens and their

compounds, Noble gases: introduction,

compounds of xenon, fluorides of xenon, xenon

oxyfluorides, oxides of xenon, application of

noble gases Introduction, properties of transition

elements, commercial forms of iron, manufacture

of iron and steel. Corrosion, prevention of

corrosion, chromates and dichromate’s,

potassium permanganate.

Practicals:

1. Quantitative analysis of simple acid and

basic radicals except insoluble and

interfering radicals

2. Estimation of Barium ions as Barium

carbonate

Recommended Book:

Anwar, J., Ali, S., Kashmiri, M.A., Qaiser, N.B.,

N.A. Chughtai., Giani, N.A. and Ahmad, I. 2009.

Chemistry XII. Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

Theory Introduction, historical background of

Periodic table, improvements in

Mendeleev’s periodic table, Modern

periodic table, Groups and periods, Some

more families in the periodic table, Blocks

in the periodic table, Metals, Non-metals,

metalloids. Atomic size, Ionization energy,

Electron affinity, metallic and non-metallic

character, Melting and boiling points,

Oxidation states, conductance, hydration

energy. Periodic relationship in compounds,

Position of Hydrogen. Introduction,

Electronic configuration of S-block

elements, Occurrence of alkali and alkaline

earth metals, peculiar behavior of lithium

and beryllium, Trend in chemical properties

of alkali and alkaline earth metals, general

behavior of alkali metals and alkaline earth

metals, Commercial preparation of sodium

and sodium hydroxide, Role of gypsum and

lime in agriculture and industry,

Introduction of group IIIA elements,

occurrence, peculiar behavior of boron,

Compounds of boron, Borax, Boric acids.

Reactions of Aluminum, Group IVA

elements, occurrence, Peculiar behavior of

carbon, compounds of carbon and silicon,

Silicones, semiconductors, uses of lead

compounds in paints, Introduction of Group

VA elements, General characteristics,

nitrogen and its compounds, phosphorous

and its compounds, Introduction of Group

VA elements: General characteristics,

occurrence, comparison of oxygen and

sulphur, sulphuric acid, uses, Introduction,

occurrence, peculiar behavior of fluorine,

oxidizing properties, compounds of

halogens, commercial uses of halogens and

their compounds, Noble gases: introduction,

compounds of xenon, fluorides of xenon,

xenon oxyfluorides, oxides of xenon,

33

application of noble gases, Introduction,

properties of transition elements, complex

compounds, components of complex

compounds, nomenclature, geometry of

complexes, iron, commercial forms of iron:

commercial forms of iron, manufacture of

iron and steel. Corrosion, prevention of

corrosion, chromates and dichromate’s,

potassium permanganate.

Practicals:

1. Quantitative analysis of simple acid

and basic radicals except insoluble

and interfering radicals

2. Estimation of Barium ions as

Barium carbonate

Recommended Book:

Anwar, J., Ali, S., Kashmiri, M.A., Qaiser,

N.B., N.A. Chughtai., Giani, N.A. and

Ahmad, I. 2014. Chemistry XII. Punjab


34


Chemistry-IV

Chem-202

4(3-1)

Chemistry-IV

Chem-202

4(3-1)

Theory Introduction, Some Features of Organic

compounds, Importance of organic Chemistry,

Sources of organic compounds, Cracking of

petroleum, Reforming, Classifications of

organic compounds, Functional Group,

Hybridization of orbitals and the shapes of

molecules, Isomerism, Introduction,

Nomenclature, Alkanes or paraffins, Alkenes,

Alkynes, Nomenclature, Benzene, Preparation

of Benzene, Reactions of Benzene, Reactivity of

Alkyl Halides, Reactions of Alkyl Halides,

Grignard Reagent, Nomenclature of alcohol,

Difference between primary, secondary and

tertiary alcohols. Industrial preparation of

methanol and ethanol, reactivity of O-H group,

Physical properties of alcohols and their uses,

reactions of alcohols, preparation of alcohol,

Acidic behavior, Reactions, ethers and their

nomenclature, Preparation, Physical and

chemical properties, Introduction, Nomenclature,

Preparation of Aldehydes and ketones,

Reactivity of Carbonyl Group, Reactions of

Carbonyl Compounds, and Identification of

Carbonyl compounds, Uses, Physical

Characteristics, Reactivity of Carboxyl Groups (-

C-OH) Reactions of Carboxylic Acids, Acetic

Acid, Amino Acids, Structure of Polymers,

Types of Polymers, Polymerization Process,

Brief description of synthetic polymers,

Biopolymers, Fertilizers, Elements essential for

plant growth, Classification of Fertilizers,

Cement, Paper Industry, Types of Pollution,

Factors Affecting the quality of water, Solid

Waste Management.

Practicals:

1. Detection of elements

2. Analysis of organic functional groups

3. Preparation of Aspirin

4. Preparation of Iodoform

5. Preparation of glucosazone

Theory Introduction, Some Features of Organic

compounds, Importance of organic

Chemistry, Sources of organic compounds,

Cracking of petroleum, Reforming,

Classifications of organic compounds,

Functional Group, Hybridization of orbitals

and the shapes of molecules, Isomerism,

Nomenclature, General methods of

preparation, Physical properties and

reactivity of alkanes, Uses of methane.

General methods of preparation, physical

properties, reactivity of pi bond and

reactions of alkenes. Uses od ethane.

General method of preparation, physical

properties, reactivity of alkynes, uses of

ethyne. Comparison of reactivity of alkanes,

alkenes and alkynes, Nomenclature,

structure, kekule structure, X-ray studies of

benzene structure, modern concepts about

structure of benzene, atomic orbital

treatment of benzene, stability of benzene,

resonance method. of benzene, straight

chain structures ruled out:, Preparation of

Benzene, Reactions of Benzene, general

patteren of reactivity of benzene towards

electrophiles, electrophilic substitution

reactions, reaction in which benzene ring is

involved, orientation in electrophilic

substitution reactions, Introduction,

Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides Common

Names, Methods of Preparation of Alky

Halides, Reactivity of Alkyl Halides,

nucleophilic substitution reactions,

mechanism of nucleophilic substitution

reaction, elimination reactions. Grignard

Reagent, Nomenclature of alcohol,

Difference between primary, secondary and

tertiary alcohols. Industrial preparation of

methanol and ethanol, reactions involving

C-O bond cleavage, reactivity of O-H

group, Physical properties of alcohols and

35

6. Preparation of copper amine complex

Recommended Book:

Anwar, J., Ali, S., Kashmiri, M.A., Qaiser, N.B.,

N.A. Chughtai., Giani, N.A. and Ahmad, I. 2009.

Chemistry XII. Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

their uses, reactions of alcohols, preparation

of phenol, Acidic behavior, Reactions of

phenol due to OH group, reactions of

phenol due to benzene ring, ethers and their

nomenclature, preparation, Physical and

chemical properties, Nomenclature,

Preparation of Aldehydes and ketones,

Reactivity of Carbonyl Group, Reactions of

Carbonyl Compounds, nucleophilic addition

reactions, reduction reactions, oxidation

reactions and Identification of Carbonyl

compounds, Uses, Nomenclature of

Carboxylic Acids, General Methods of

Preparation, Physical Characteristics,

Reactivity of Carboxyl Groups (-COOH)

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids, method of

preparation, physical properties, chemical

reactions and uses of Acetic Acid, Amino

Acids, Structure of Polymers, Types of

Polymers , Polymerization Process, Brief

description of synthetic polymers,

Biopolymers, carbohydrates and protein

classification, denaturation of proteins,

importance of proteins, Lipids, source of

lipids, fats, oil. Structure and composition

of fats and oils, saponification number,

rancidity of fats , oil, iodine number, acid

number, steroids, importance of lipids,

enzymes, classification of enzymes,

properties of enzymes, factor affecting

enzyme activity, importance of enzymes,

nucleic acids, components of nucleic acid,

Fertilizers, micronutrients, macronutrients,

requirement of fertilizer, essential qualities

of a good fertilizer, Classification of

Fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphetic

fertilizer, potassium fertilizers, fertilizer

industry in Pakistan, Cement, raw materials,

manufacturing process of cement, wet

process, setting of cement, cement industry

in Pakistan, Paper Industry, brief

description of the process, pulping process,

neutral sulphite semi chemical process,

Types of Pollution, Factors Affecting the

quality of water, purification of water,

Solid Waste Management, effect of

36

dumping waste in sea and rivers, landfill,

incineration of the municipal waste,

treatment of industrial waste, incineration

of industrial and hazardous waste, recycling

of waste.

Practicals:

1. Detection of elements

2. Analysis of organic functional groups

3. Preparation of Aspirin

4. Preparation of Iodoform

5. Preparation of glucosazone

6. Preparation of copper amine complex

Recommended Book:

Anwar, J., Ali, S., Kashmiri, M.A., Qaiser,

N.B., N.A. Chughtai., Giani, N.A. and

Ahmad, I. 2014. Chemistry XII. Punjab


37


Zoology -I

Zool-102

4(3-1)

Zoology -I

Zool-102

4(3-1)

Theory Biological molecules; importance of carbon,

importance of water, carbohydrates, lipids,

proteins, structure of proteins, nucleic acids,

conjugated molecules, Variety of life,

Nomenclature, two kingdom classification

system to five kingdom classification system,

viruses, life cycle of bacteriophages,

classification, of prokaryotes, viral diseases,

retroviruses,, AIDs, Hepatitis, Archaea and

Bacteria, Discovery of bacteria, Occurance of

bacteria, Structure of bacteria, Respiration in

bacteria, Growth and reproduction. Importance

of bacteria, use and misuse of antibiotics,

Protista, historical prospective, diversity among

protista, major groups of protista, animal like

protists, development of complexity in animals,

grade radiate, grade bilateria, diploblastic and

triploblastic organization, acelomates,

Pseudocoelomates and coelomates. Parazoa,

Characteristics and classification of various

phyla as porifera, Cnidaria, platyhelminthes,

Nematoda, Annelida, arthropoda, Molusca,

Echinodermata and phylum chordata, Sub-

phylum Vertebrata, super classes as pices and

Tetrapoda; classes as Amphibia, reptilia, Aves

and Mammalia, Digestion and absorption,

Digestion in amoeba, Digestion in hydra,

Digestion in planaria, Digestion in cockroach,

Digestion in man, Absorption of food, Some

Common Diseases Related To Nutrition,

Dyspepsia, Food Poisoning, Obesity, Anorexia

Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Piles, Ulcer,

respiratory organs in representative aquatic and

terrestrial animals, respiration in hydra,

respiration in earthworm, respiration in fish,

respiration in frog, respiration in birds,

respiration in man, mechanics of voluntary and

involuntary regulation of breathing in man,

transport of gases, respiratory disorders, role of

respiratory pigments, lung capacities, Transport,

need for transport of materials, transport in

Theory Introduction to biochemistry, Importance of

Carbon, Importance of Water, solvent

properties, heat capacity, heat of

vaporization, ionization of water protection,

Carbohydrates, Classification of

carbohydrates, Lipids, Classification of

protein Acylglycerols, waxes,

phospholipids, terponoids, Structure of

Proteins , Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA),

RNA (Ribonucleic acid), Types of RNA

Variety of life, Nomenclature, concept of

species two kingdom classification system

to five kingdom classification system,

viruses, Characteristics, structure, life cycle

of bacteriophages, classification of

prokaryotes, viral diseases, retroviruses,

AIDs, Hepatitis, Archaea and Bacteria,

Discovery of bacteria, Occurrence of

bacteria, Structure of bacteria, Size, shape

of bacteria, bacterial cell structure, Pili and

their functions, the cell envelop: the outer

wrapping of bacteria, cell membrane,

cytoplasmic matrix, nucleoid, Plasmids,

Ribosomes, Mesosomes, Granules and

Storage Bodies, Spores, Cysts, Nutrition of

Bacteria Respiration in bacteria, Growth

and reproduction. Importance of bacteria,

use and misuse of antibiotics, Protista,

historical prospective, diversity among

protista, major groups of protista, animal

like protists, development of complexity in

animals, grade radiate, grade bilateria,

diploblastic and triploblastic organization,

acelomates, Pseudocoelomates and

coelomates. Parazoa, Characteristics and

classification of various phyla as porifera,

Cnidaria, platyhelminthes, Nematoda,

Annelida, arthropoda, Molusca,

Echinodermata and phylum chordata, Sub-

phylum Vertebrata, super classes as pices

and Tetrapoda; classes as Amphibia,

38

animals ( hydra andplanaria), without special

circulatory system, characteristics of circulatory

system, open and closed circulatory system,

single & double circuit circulation, circulatory

system of man; blood composition & function;

human circulatory system, heart, blood vessels,

Circulatory system disorders. Lymphatic

system;Lymph vessels, lymph and lymph nodes,

function of lymphatic system. Immune system;

Immunity and its types. Vaccination.

Homeostasis; Osmoregulation, Excretion and

Thermoregulation.

Practicals:

1. Study of effect of temperature, pH and

enzyme substrate concentration on the

activity of enzyme pepsin.

2. Identification of Paramecuim, amoeba and

Euglena from fresh water material or

prepared slides.

3. General survey of major animal phyla:

Invertebrates up to phylum and

vertebrates up to class level.

4. Study of animal cells by staining with

safranine, acid fuchin, methylene blue,

eosin

5. Study of T.S of liver, stomach, small

intestine and large intestine of man

(prepared slides)

6. Exposure of digestive system of frog and

cockroach

7. Exposure of respiratory system of frog

8. Measurement of blood pressure during

rest and after exercise with B.P.

apparatus

9. Study of structure of artery, vein, and

capillary T.S (prepared slides )

10. Exposure of blood circulatory system of

frog.

Recommended Books



reptilia, Aves and Mammalia, Digestion and

absorption, Digestion in amoeba, Digestion

in hydra, Digestion in planaria, Digestion in

cockroach, Digestion in man, Absorption of

food, Some Common Diseases Related To

Nutrition Dyspepsia, Food Poisoning,

Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia

Nervosa, Piles, Ulcer, Respiratory organs in

representative aquatic and terrestrial

animals, respiration in hydra, respiration in

earthworm, respiration in fish, respiration in

frog, respiration in birds, respiration in man,

mechanics of voluntary and involuntary

regulation of breathing in man, transport of

gases, respiratory disorders, role of

respiratory pigments.(lung capacities),

Transport, need for transport of materials,

transport in animals ( hydra and planaria),

without special circulatory system,

characteristics of circulatory system, open

and closed circulatory system, single &

double circuit circulation, circulatory

system of man; blood composition &

function; human circulatory system, heart,

blood vessels. Lymphatic system; Lymph

vessels, lymph and lymph nodes, function

of lymphatic system. Immune system;

Immunity and its types.

Practicals:

1. Study of effect of temperature, pH

and enzyme substrate concentration

on the activity of enzyme pepsin.

2. Identification of Paramecuim,

amoeba and Euglena from fresh water

material or prepared slides.

3. General survey of major animal

phyla: Invertebrates up to phylum

and vertebrates up to class level.

4. Study of animal cells by staining

with safranine, acid fuchin,

methylene blue, eosin

5. Study of T.S of liver, stomach, small

intestine and large intestine of man

39




Board, Lahore.




2009. Biology XII. Punjab Textbook Board,

Lahore.

(prepared slides)

6. Exposure of digestive system of frog

and cockroach

7. Exposure of respiratory system of

frog

8. Measurement of blood pressure

during rest and after exercise with

B.P. apparatus

9. Study of structure of artery, vein,

and capillary T.S (prepared slides )

10. Exposure of blood circulatory

system of frog.

Recommended Books












Lahore.

40


ZOOLOGY-II

Zool-201

4(3-1)

ZOOLOGY-II

Zool-201

4(3-1)

Theory Concept of homeostasis, osmoregulation in

animals, Excretion, excretion in animals,

Thermoregulation, Thermoregulation in animals,

support and movement in animals, types of

skeleton, Human skeleton ,Skeleton deformities,

muscles and thei types, Mechanism of muscle

movements ,locomotion in invetebrates,

locomotion in vertebrates, evolutionary changes

in the arrangement of bones, Coordination in

animals, nervous coordination, nerve impulse,

evolution of Nervous system ,Human nervous

system, Nervous disoders, Chemical coordinatin

,Pituatary and all other glands, Behaviour,

Reproduction in animals, types of asexual

reproduction in animals ,Human reproduction,

male and female reproductive systems ,Birth,

sexually transmitted diseases, Growth and

development in animals, development of chick,

Mechanism of development, embryonic

induction, aging, Regeneration and abnormal

development, Dominance relationships, Multiple

allels, MN blood group system, ABO blood

group system, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, continous

varying traits, Gene linkage, Crossing over, Sex

determination in plants, Sex determination in

animals,Sex linkage in Drosophila,Sex linkage in

humans.,Sex limited and sex influenced

traits,Diabetes mellitus and its genetic causes,

Evolution, Concept of evolution vs special

creation, evolution from prokaryotes to

eukaryotes, Inheritance of acquired

characteristics, Charles Darwin, Evidences of

evolution, Natural and artificial selection,

population, gene pool, allele and genotypic

frequeny, Hardy Weinberg theorem, Renewable

and non renewable resources, Degradation and

depletion of resources, modification of

environment, man’s impact on environment,

Importance of forests, pollution and its types,

Greenhouse effect, Acid rain. Eutrophication and

algal blooms, health diseases.

Theory Osmoregulation: Water relations of cell,

Balance of water and solutes in the body,

Osmo regultion in animals, Osmo regulation

in different environments, Excretion in

animals, Relation of excretory products in

relation to habitats. Excretion in

representative animals: Excretion in Hydra,

Excretion in Planaria, Excretion in

Earthworm, Excretion in Cockroach,

Excretion in Vertebrates: Excretion in

human ,Excretory organs, Urinary system,

Concentration of excretory products,

Kidney as osmoregulatory organ ,Kidney

problems and cures, Mechanisms in

Animals: Body heat, Heat gain and loss,

Temperature, Classification of animals on

the basis of thermoregulation, Regulation of

heat exchange between animals and

environment, Thermoregulation in

Mammals: Regulatory Stategies,

Thermostat Function and feedback controls

in human, Temperature in fever (Pyrexia),

Support and movement in Animals,

Hydrostatic skeleton, Exoskeleton,

Endoskeleton, Human Skeleton, Axial

skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,

Deformities of Skeleton, Genetic Causes,

Hormonal Causes, Nutritional Causes,

Repair of broken Bones, Muscles, Smooth

Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, Skeletal

muscles, Sliding filament model,

Controlling the Actin-Myosin Interaction by

Ca++ ions, Energy for muscle contraction,

Muscle Fatigue, Tetany, Cramp,

Arrangement of Skeletal muscls for

movement of Skeleton, Movement of bones,

Locomotion of Protoctista and

Invertebrates, Locomtion in Euglena,

Locomotion in in Paramecium, Locomotion

in Amoeba, Locomotion in Jellyfish,

Locomotion in earthworm, Locomotion in

41

Practicals: 1) Exposure of urino-genital system of frog

2) Study of simple muscle twitch using frog’s

muscle

3) Study from prepared slides of skeletal

smooth and cardiac muscles and preparation

of slides of striated muscles of cockroach.

4) Study of skeleton of frog.

5) Study of structure of hen’s egg.

6) Study of development of chik embryo 48/72

hours after incubation

7) Study of continuous variations in the height

in man and discontinuous variation in tongue

rolling in man and recording the results as

histograms.

8) Investigation of food chain and food web of a

pond ecosystem

Recommended Books






Board, Lahore.




2009. Biology XII. Punjab Textbook Board,

Lahore.

jellyfish, Locomotion in Snail, Locomotion

in Starfish, Locomotion and Skeleton in

Vertebrates, Swimming in Fishes,

Locomotion in Amphibians, Locomotion in

Reptiles, Locomotion in Air, Locomotion in

Mammals, Evolutionary changes in

arrangement of bones and related mode of

locomotion in major groups of vertebrates,

Coordination in Animals, Nervous

Coordination, Receptors, Working of

sensory receptors with referance to to skin,

Neurons, Effectors, Reflex Arc, Nerve

Impulse, Synapse, Evolution of Nervous

system, Human Nervous system, Central

Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous

System, Autonomic Nervous System,

Nervous Disorders, Effects of Drugs on

Coordination, Chemical coordination,

Hormones, Endocrine Glands of Mammals

Hypothalamus, The Pitutary gland, Thyroid

Gland, Parathyroids, Islets of Langerhans,

Adrenals,Gut, Gonads, Feedback

Mechanism, Comparison of Nervous

Coordination and Chemical, Coordination,

Behaviour, Innate behaviour, Instincts and

learning, Learning behaviour( Modification

through experience), Reproduction in

animals, A sexual reproduction, Tissue

culturing and cloning, Identical twins,

Sexual reproduction, Reproduction in man,

Male reproductive system, female

reproductive system, Test tube babies

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD),

Gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, AIDS,

Growth and development in animals,

Development of check, mechanisms of

development, role of Cytoplasm in

development, role of nucleus in

development, concept of differentiation,

embryonic induction, Aging, Regeneration

Abnormal development, Dominance

relations, Complete dominance, incomplete

dominance, codominance, MN blood type

or blood group system, over dominance,

Multiple alleles, ABO-the first discovered

multiple allelic blood type or blood group

42

system in man, Rh blood Group system,

Epistasis, Bombay phenotype, Pleitropy,

Continuously varying traits, Gene linkage,

Crossing over, Cross over or recombination

frequency, Sex determination, Sex

chromosomes, patterns of sex

determination, comparison of chromosome

determination of sex between drosophila

and humans, sex linkage, Sex linkage in

drosophila, sex-linkage in humans, sex

limited trait, sex influenced trait, Diabetes

mellitus and its genetic basis, Concept of

evolution vs special creation, Evolution

from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, Inheritance

of acquired characteristics, Charies Darwin,

neo-darwinism- the modern evolutionary

synthesis, evidence of evolution, Natural

selection and artificial selection, Population,

gene pool, allele and genotype frequencies,

Hardy-weingberg theorme, factors

affecting gene frequency, Renewable and

non- renewable resources,

Renewable resources, Degradation and

depletion of resources, Modification of

environment, Man’s impact on

environment, Population, food and need of

population control, importance of forests,

forests and climate, forests and biodiversity,

Pollution, Types of pollution, air or

atmospheric pollution, greenhouse effect,

acid rain, water pollution, eutrophication or

algal bloom, industrial effluents,

insecticides & herbicides and fertilizers,

Health and diseases, Classification and

causes of diseases.

Practicals: 1) Exposure of urino-genital system of

frog

2) Study of simple muscle twitch using

frog’s muscle.

3) Study from prepared slides of skeletal

smooth and cardiac muscles and

preparation of slides of striated

muscles of cockroach.

4) Study of skeleton of frog.

43

5) Exposure of nervous system of

cockroach.

6) Study of structure of hen’s egg.

7) Study of development of chik embryo

48/72 hours after incubation.

8) Study of continuous variations in the

height in man and discontinuous

variation in tongue rolling in man and

recording the results as histograms.

9) Investigation of food chain and food

web of a pond ecosystem.

Recommended Books












Lahore.

44


Mathematics-III

Math-201

3(3-0)

Mathematics-III

Math-201

3(3-0)

Theory Introduction, Types of Function, Composition of

Functions and Inverse of A function, Limit of a

Function and Theorems on limits, Limits of

Important Function, Continuous and

Discontinuous Functions, Differentiation: basic

definitions, differentiation by definition,

formulae of differentiation, differentiation using

formulae,Chain Rule, Derivatives of Inverse

Functions, Derivative of A function given in the

form of Parametric Equations, Differentiation of

Implicit Relations, Derivatives of Trigonometric

Functions, Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric

Function, Derivative of Exponential Functions,

Derivative of the Logarithmic Function,

Logarithmic Differentiation, Derivative of

Hyperbolic Functions, Derivatives of the inverse

Hyperbolic Functions, , Differentiation (Series

Expansions of Functions, Tailor Series

Expansion of Functions, Geometrical

Interpretation of a Derivative, higher order

differentiation, extreme points, 2nd derivative

test, function of several variables, differentials

with applications, Partial Fractions, Introduction,

Rational Fraction, Resolution of a rational

Fraction 𝑃(𝑥)

𝑄(𝑥) into Partial Fraction, Linear

Inequalities, Region Bounded by 2 or 3

simultaneous inequalities, Problem Constraints,

Feasible Solution set, Linear Programming,

Linear Programming Problems.

Recommended Book:

Chaurdhary, M.A., Ghauri, S.M., Saleem, M.K.

and Hayat, M. 2009. Mathematics XII. Punjab


Theory Introduction, Concepts of Function,

Definition (Function-Domain-Range);

Notation and Value of a Function, Graphs

of Algebraic Functions, Graph of Functions

Defined Piece-wise,Types of Function

Algebraic Function, Trigonometric

Function, Inverse Trigonometric function,

Exponential Function, Logarithmic

Function, Hyperbolic Functions Inverse

Hyperbolic Functions, Explicit Function,

Implicit Function, Even Function, Odd

Function, Composition of functions and

Inverse of A function, Composition of

Function, Inverse of a Function, Algebraic

method to find the Inverse Function

Limit of a Function and Theorems on limits,

Meaning of the Phrase “x” approaches

zero’’, Meaning of the Phrase “x”

approaches infinity’’, Meaning of the

Phrase “x” approaches a’’, concept of the

Limit of the Function, Limit of the function,

Theorems on Limit of Function

Limits of Important Function, lim𝑥→𝑎

𝑥𝑛−𝑎𝑛

𝑥−𝑎=

𝑛𝑎𝑛−1,where n is an integer and a>0,

lim𝑥→0

√𝑥+𝑎−√𝑎

𝑥=

1

2√2 , Limit at infinity,

Method for Evaluation the Limits at

infinity, lim𝑛→∞

(1 +1

𝑛)𝑛

= 𝑒 , lim𝑥→0

𝑎𝑥−1

𝑥=

log𝑒 𝑎 , The sandwich Theorem, If 𝜃 is

measured in radian, thenlim𝜃→0

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝜃=1,

Continuous and Discontinuous Functions,

One-sided Limits, Criterion for Existence of

Limit of a Function, Continuity of a

function at a number, Graphs, Graph of the

Exponential Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥, Graph of

Exponential function𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥, Graph of

common Logarithmic function f(x)=lgx,

Graph of Natural Logarithmic function

f(x)=lnx,

45

Graph of Implicit Functions, Graph of

Parametric Equations, Graph of

Discontinuous Functions, Graphical

Solution of the Equations, Average Rate of

Change, Derivative of a Function, Finding

ƒ’ (x) From Definition of Derivative,

Derivative of “x” where nϵZ, Differentiation

of Expressions of the Types, Theorems on

Differentiation, The Chain Rule,

Derivatives of Inverse Functions,

Derivative of A function given in the form

of Parametric Equations, Differentiation of

Implicit Relations, Derivatives of

Trigonometric Functions, Derivatives of

Inverse Trigonometric Function, Derivative

of Exponential Functions, Derivative o the

Logarithmic Function, Logarithmic

Differentiation, Derivative of Hyperbolic

Functions, Derivatives of the inverse

Hyperbolic Functions, Successive

Differentiation (Or Higher Derivatives),

Series Expansions of Functions, Tailor

Series Expansion of Functions, Geometrical

Interpretation of a Derivative, Increasing

and Decreasing Function, Relative

Extreme, Critical Values and Critical

Points, Differentials of variables,

Distinguishing between dy and𝛿𝑦, Finding 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥 by using differentials, Simple application

of differentials, Integration as Anti-

derivative (inverse of Derivative), Some

Standard Formulae for Anti-Derivatives,

Theorems on Anti-Derivatives, Anti-

Derivatives of [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛, 𝑓´(𝑥), 𝑓(𝑥)−1,

Integration by method of substitution, Some

Useful Substitutions, Integration by parts,

Integration involving partial fractions, The

Definite integrals, The area Under the

curves, Fundamental theorem and properties

of Definite Integrals, Application of definite

integrals, Differential Equations, Solution of

a differential equation of first order, Initial

conditions, Linear Inequalities, Graphing of

linear inequality in two variables, Region

Bounded by 2 or 3 simultaneous

inequalities, Problem Constraints, Feasible

46

Solution set, Linear Programming, Linear

Programming Problems.

Recommended Book:

Chaurdhary, M.A., Ghauri, S.M., Saleem,

M.K. and Hayat, M. 2014. Mathematics

XII. Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

47


Mathematics-IV

Math-202

3(3-0)

Mathematics-IV

Math-202

3(3-0)

Theory Introduction to Analytic Geometry, The Distance

Formula, Point dividing the join of two points in

a given ratio, Translation and Rotation of Axes,

Equations of Straight Lines, Slope or gradient of

a straight line joining two points, Equation of a

straight line parallel to x-axis(or perpendicular to

y-axis), Equation of a straight line parallel to y-

axis(or perpendicular to x-axis), Derivation of

standard forms of equation of straight line, A

linear equation in two variables represents a

straight line, To transform the general linear

equation to standard forms, Position of a point

with respect to line, Two and Three Straight

Lines, The point of intersection of two Straight

lines, Condition of concurrency of three Straight

Lines, Equation of Lines through the point of

Intersection of Two Lines, Distance of Point

from Line, Distance between two parallel lines,

Area of Triangular region whose vertices are

given, Angle Between two lines, Equation of

straight line in Matrix form Homogeneous

Equation of The Second degree in two variables,

Homogenous Equation, To find measure of the

Angle between the Lines represented by 𝑎𝑥2 +2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦2 = 0, Equation of a Circle, General

form of an equation of a circle, Equations of

Circles determined by given conditions,

Tangents and Normals, Length of the Tangent to

a Circle (Tangential Distance), Analytic Proofs

of Important Properties of a circle, Parabola,

General form of Equation of Parabola, Other

standard Parabolas, Graph of the Parabola,

Ellipse and its elements, Standard equation of

Ellipse, Graph of Ellipse, Hyperbola and its

elements, Standard equation of Hyperbola,

Graph of Hyperbola, Tangents and Normals,

Translation and Rotation of Axes, The General

Equation of Second Degree, Classification of

conics by the discriminant, Geometric

interpretation of Vector, Multiplication of Vector

by a scalar, Addition and Subtraction of two

Theory Introduction to Analytic Geometry, The

Distance Formula, Point dividing the join of

two points in a given ratio, Translation and

Rotation of Axes, Equations of Straight

Lines, Slope or gradient of a straight line

joining two points, Equation of a straight

line parallel to x-axis(or perpendicular to y-

axis), Equation of a straight line parallel to

y-axis(or perpendicular to x-axis),

Derivation of standard forms of equation of

straight line, A linear equation in two

variables represents a straight line, To

transform the general linear equation to

standard forms, Position of a point with

respect to line, Two and Three Straight

Lines, The point of intersection of two

Straight lines, Condition of concurrency of

three Straight Lines, Equation of Lines

through the point of Intersection of Two

Lines, Distance of Point from Line,

Distance between two parallel lines, Area of

Triangular region whose vertices are given,

Angle Between two lines, Equation of

straight line in Matrix form Homogeneous

Equation of The Second degree in two

variables, Homogenous Equation, To find

measure of the Angle between the Lines

represented by 𝑎𝑥2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦2 = 0,

Equation of a Circle, General form of an

equation of a circle, Equations of Circles

determined by given conditions, Tangents

and Normals, Length of the Tangent to a

Circle (Tangential Distance), Analytic

Proofs of Important Properties of a circle,

Parabola, General form of Equation of

Parabola, Other standard Parabolas, Graph

of the Parabola, Ellipse and its elements,

Standard equation of Ellipse, Graph of

Ellipse, Hyperbola and its elements,

Standard equation of Hyperbola, Graph of

Hyperbola, Tangents and Normals,

48

Vectors, Position Vector, Vector in a plane,

Properties of magnitude of a vector, Another

notation for representing vector in plane, A unit

Vector in the direction of another given Vector,

The ratio formula, Vector Geometry,

Introduction of vector in space, Concept of a

vector in space, Properties of vectors, Another

notation for representing Vectors in space,

Distance between two points in space, Direction

Angles and Direction Cosines of a Vector, The

Scalar Product of Two Vectors, Deductions of

the important results, Perpendicular (Orthogonal)

Vectors, Properties of dot product, Analytical

expression of dot product 𝑢.⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣 , Angle between

two vectors, Projection of one Vector upon

another Vector,

The cross product or Vector Product of two

Vectors, Derivation of useful results of cross

products, Properties of cross product, Analytical

Expression of 𝑢 ×⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ 𝑣 , parallel vectors, Area of

Parallelogram, Area of Triangle, Scalar Triple

Product of Vectors, Analytical expression of

𝑢.⃗⃗⃗ (𝑣 × �⃗⃗� ), The volume of the parallelepiped,

The volume of the Tetrahedron, Application of

Vectors in Physics and engineering.

Recommended Book:

Chaurdhary, M.A., Ghauri, S.M., Saleem, M.K.

and Hayat, M. 2009. Mathematics XII. Punjab


Translation and Rotation of Axes, The

General Equation of Second Degree,

Classification of conics by the discriminant,

Geometric interpretation of Vector,

Multiplication of Vector by a scalar,

Addition and Subtraction of two Vectors,

Position Vector, Vector in a plane,

Properties of magnitude of a vector,

Another notation for representing vector in

plane, A unit Vector in the direction of

another given Vector, The ratio formula,

Vector Geometry, Introduction of vector in

space, Concept of a vector in space,

Properties of vectors, Another notation for

representing Vectors in space, Distance

between two points in space, Direction

Angles and Direction Cosines of a Vector,

The Scalar Product of Two Vectors,

Deductions of the important results,

Perpendicular (Orthogonal) Vectors,

Properties of dot product, Analytical

expression of dot product 𝑢.⃗⃗⃗ 𝑣 , Angle

between two vectors, Projection of one

Vector upon another Vector, The cross

product or Vector Product of two Vectors,

Derivation of useful results of cross

products, Properties of cross product,

Analytical Expression of 𝑢 ×⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ 𝑣 , parallel

vectors, Area of Parallelogram, Area of

Triangle, Scalar Triple Product of Vectors,

Analytical expression of 𝑢.⃗⃗⃗ (𝑣 × �⃗⃗� ), The

volume of the parallelepiped, The volume

of the Tetrahedron, Application of Vectors

in Physics and engineering.

Recommended Book:

Chaurdhary, M.A., Ghauri, S.M., Saleem,

M.K. and Hayat, M. 2014. Mathematics

XII. Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

49


English-III

Eng- 201

4(4-0)

English-III

Eng- 201

4(4-0)

Theory Reading and comprehension skills development:

Book-II: Modern Prose and Old Heroes (10

Essays and 4 Heroes), The Dying Sun, Using the

Scientific Method, Why Boys Fail in College,

End of Term, On Destroying Books, The Man

Who Was a Hospital, My Financial Career,

China’sWayto Progress 9.Hunger and Population

Explosion, The Jewel of the World, First Year at

Harrow, Hitch Hiking Across the Sahara, Sir

Alexander Fleming, Louis Pasteur, Mustafa

Kamal, text based short answer questions,

comprehension of given paragraph from Book-II,

synonyms with MCQs; Writing Skills:

Descriptive and Narrative Essays with a word

limit of 300-400 words; Applied Grammar:

Correction of Common Errors, Narration; Use of

prepositions; Translation Skills: revision of

translation skills with the help of a continuous

unseen Urdu passage into English; Adverbial

Expressions; Ellipsis; Discourse Markers.

Recommended Books

1. Eienstein, L. 2011. Five Hundred One

Comprehension Reading Questions,

Learning Express, NewYork, USA.

2. Hashemi, L and R. Murphy. 2004.



Cambridge. USA

3. Sadiq, M. 2009. English Book II, Niaz

Book Depot, Lahore.

4. Swan, M. 2010. Practical English Usage,

Oxford University Press, Oxford.UK

5. Wren, P. C. and Martin, H. 2012. High

School English Grammar &

Composition, Chand & Company Ltd,

New Dehli, India.

Theory The Dying Sun, Using the Scientific Method,

Why Boys Fail in College, End of Term, On

Destroying Books, The Man Who Was a

Hospital, My Financial Career, China’s Way

to Progress, Hunger and Population

Explosion, The Jewel of the World; First

Year at Harrow, Hitch – Hiking Across the

Sahara, Sir Alexander Fleming, Louis

Pasteur, Mustafa Kamal, Applied Grammar;

correction of errors, Direct and indirect

narration, Use of prepositions, Translation: A

continuous Prose Passage from Urdu into

English OR Candidates whose medium of

examination is English, will write a

paragraph on given topics, Idiomatic phrases.

Recommended Books

1. Eienstein, L. 2011. Five Hundred One

Comprehension Reading Questions,

Learning Express, NewYork, USA.


English Grammar in Use

Supplementary Exercises, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge. USA

3. Sadiq, M. 2009. English Book II,

Niaz Book Depot, Lahore.

4. Swan, M. 2010. Practical English

Usage, Oxford University Press,

Oxford.UK

5. Wren, P. C and Martin, H. 2012.

High School English Grammar &

Composition, Chand & Company

Ltd, New Dehli, India.

50


English-IV

Eng- 202

4(4-0)

English-IV

Eng- 202

4(4-0)

Theory Reading and comprehension skills

development: Plays and Poetry: Plays: Heat

Lightning, Visit to a Small Planet, The Oyster

and the Pearl Poems, The Rain, Night Mail,

Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now, O Where

are You Going?, In the Street of the Fruit Stalls,

Sindhi Women, Times, Ozymandias, The Feed,

The Hollow Men, Leisure, Ruba’iyat, A Tale of

Two Cities, My Neighbor Friend Breathing His

Last!, He Came to Know Himself, God’s

Attributes, The Delight Song, Love – an

Essence of All Religions, A Man of Words and

Not of Deeds, In Broken Images; Critical

appreciation of all plays, characters analysis,

synonyms with MCQs, text based short answer

questions from plays; paraphrasing of the

poems including figure of speech and reference

to context, short answer question and synonyms

based on the poems; Applied Grammar:

Correction of Common Errors and revision of

translation of a given Urdu paragraph into

English; Vocabulary Building: Idioms and

idiomatic Phrases; Writing Skills:

Argumentative Composition with a word limit

of 300-400 words.

Recommended Books

1. Ahmed, B. 2009. English Book II, Punjab

Textbook Board, Lahore, Pakistan

2. Bill, D. 2010. Test of Written English:

Model Essays. Oxford University Press,

Oxford, UK.

3. Bill, D. 2012. Writing Argumentative

Essays, Express Learning, New York, USA.

4. Hashemi, L and R. Murphy. 2004. English


Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

USA

5. Sadiq, M. 2009. A New Anthology of

Essays , Furqan Brothers, Lahore

Theory Plays: Heat Lightning, Visit to a Small

Planet, The Oyster and the Pearl, Poems:

The Rain, Night Mail, Loveliest of Trees,

the Cherry Now, O Where are You Going?

In the Street of the Fruit Stalls, Sindhi

Women, Times, Ozymandias, The Feed,

The Hollow Men, Leisure, Ruba’iyat, A

Tale of Two Cities, My Neighbor Friend

Breathing His Last!, He Came to Know

Himself, God’s Attributes, The Delight

Song, Love – an Essence of All Religions,

A Man of Words and Not of Deeds, In

Broken Images, Essay Writing:

Argumentative and Reflective essays with

the help of thought provoking situations,

Idiomatic expressions and phrases.

Recommended Books

1. Ahmed, B. 2009. English Book II,

Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore,

Pakistan

2. Bill. D. 2010. Test of Written English:

Model Essays. Oxford University Press,

Oxford, UK.

3. Bill, D. 2012. Writing Argumentative

Essays, Express Learning, New York,

USA.




Cambridge. USA

5. Sadiq, M. 2009. A New Anthology of

Essays, Furqan Brothers, Lahore

6. Swan, M. 2010. Practical English

Usage, Oxford University Press,

Oxford. UK

7. Wren, P. C, and Martin, H. A. 2012.

High School English Grammar &

Composition, Chand & Company Ltd,

New Dehli, India.

51

6. Swan, M. 2010. Practical English Usage,

Oxford University Press, Oxford. UK

7. Wren. P. C, and Martin, H. A. 2012. High

School English Grammar & Composition,

Chand & Company Ltd, New Dehli, India.

52


Computer Science

CS-201

4(3-1)

Computer Science

CS-201

4(3-1)

Theory

Overview of Computer System: Brief History

of Computers, Uses and Misuse, Importance,

future needs; types of Computers: Super,

Mainframe, Mini, Micro, Desktop, Notebook,

Personal and workstations, Interacting with

computer. Input devices: keyboard, mouse,

trackball, touch screen, touch pads, barcode

readers etc, Output devices: Monitors type of

monitors, printers: type of printers, Plotters,

Memory, Flash memory, cache memory,

Storage devices: Magnetic and optical storage

hard disk etc., Network: uses and types of

network LAN, WAN, Data communication

over telephone lines: Modem, DSL & high

speed lines, Overview of Computer System:

Brief History of Computers, Uses and Misuse,

Importance, future needs; Part of Computer:

CPU, Control unit, arithmetic logical Unit,

Buses: data bus, address bus, control bus.

Motherboard Micro-processor and its type.

Software: type of software, System software,

shareware, application software. Software:

Operating system. Memory, Flash memory,

cache memory Storage devices: Magnetic and

optical storage hard disk etc., Internet: working

of internet, features of Internet: email,

newsgroups, telnet, FTP, WWW, HTTP, Online

services, Addressing schemes, DNS, IP.

Practicals:

Windows: Windows Operating System, Use of

MS word Processing, MS Excel (Spread

Sheets), Power point Exercise and essential use

of internet, Email and surfing, MS Excel

(Spread Sheets).

Theory

Basic of Information Technology: Overview

of Information Technology, Hardware and

Software, Input and Output Devices,

System Software and Application Software,

Basic Units of Data Storage, System

Development, System Components, System

Development Life Cycle, Overview of

Information Networks, Workgroup

Computing, Email and its benefits, Internet,

Components of network, LAN, WAN and

MAN, Network Concept, Overview of Data

Communication, Components of Data

Communication, Signals, Type of Data,

Encoding of Data, Modes of Data

Communication, Type of Data

Transmission, Modem, Overview of

Applications and Uses of Computer, Uses

of Computer in Different Fields, Computer

Assistance simplifying our work Practices,

Over view of Computer Architecture, CPU,

Bus Interconnection The I/O Unit,

Computer Operations, Instruction Format,

Software, The Translators and their

functions, Overview of Security, Copyright

and the Law, Virus and Antivirus issues,

Data Security, Data Protection Legislation

and Copyright Issues, Important Privacy

Acts, The Copyright Act, Overview of

Windows Operating System, Types of

Operating System, Starting to use windows

operating system, Disk Management, File

Management, What is Word Processing?

Simple word Processor, Full feature word

Processor, Starting to use word processor,

Features of Spread Sheet Software, The

53

Recommended Book:

Baig, M.M., Ali, A., Naaz, S., Jafari, S.Z. and

Magsi, A.A. 2009, Punjab Textbook Board,

Lahore.

Spread Sheet Interface, Entering Data in

Worksheet, Basic of Worksheet, Working

with Formulas, Functions, Formatting and

customizing Data, Introducing Chart,

Printing worksheets and charts, How

internet works, Addressing Schemes, Web

Browsing, Email, Newsgroups.

Practicals:

Windows: Use of start menu, Manage

program group & document group, How to

access search group, Customize the desktop,

Use of windows help, Use of windows

accessories: Word pad, Calculator, Paint,

Use of windows accessories: Managing files

and folders- using my computer, Managing

files and folders windows explorer,

Managing recycle bin operation, Printer:

Installation of printer driver, Setting of

different properties of printer, Managing the

ques of printing jobs, MS Word: Open and

save files in specified path or new folder,

Selection of text by different methods and

applying a different operations, (coping,

moving (by clipboard and drag & drop

methods) deletion), Formatting text (bold,

underline, font, colour etc), Using undo and

redo, Use of text alignments, indenting and

managing space also use of bullets and

numbering, Use of page setup including

page margin, size, paper source and layout,

Skills of printer setting, Use of tables and

columns, Use of spelling check, grammar

and phrases, Use of short cuts, MS-Excel:

Inserting & deleting cells, rows, and

columns, Managing worksheets,

Formatting and customizing data, Use of

formulas and functions (formatting numbers

decimal places column & rows setup etc),

Drawing of different types of charts, Use of

page setup and printing configurations Use

of shortcuts, Internet explorer: Send /

receive email to a single user, multiple

users, Attach/detach files with mail,

Browsing internet, Use of shortcuts, Proper

54

use of search engines, MS-Access: Creating

different tables and assigning primary key,

Relationship between tables, Create reports

using wizard and design view, Create

simple forms using wizard and design view,

Use of summary and calculated field.

Recommended Book:

Baig, M.M., Ali, A., Naaz, S., Jafari, S.Z.

and Magsi, A.A. 2014, Punjab Textbook

Board, Lahore.

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