U. S. RESPONSE TO TERRORISM

PART IIIAPRIL, 2013

“WHAT OTHER MILITARY PROGRAMS HAS US USED…?”

COVERT METHODS 1. “Extraordinary rendition”: secret

programs for secret locations Detainees taken to secret prisons in

Egypt, Syria, Uzbekistan, & Algeria Extreme methods to gather info

#2 Guantanamo Bay

“Black site” CIA Prisons—Obama

wants them closed

GITMO

GITMO PROTEST

#3: DRONE ATTACKS

UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote control CIA has targeted Afghanistan,

Pakistan, Yemen, & Somalia Since 2004: 1300-2100 militants in

Pakistan killed Large number of civilians killed,

villages attacked

DRONES

REMOTE CONTROL

CONTROVERSIAL

DRONES Unacknowledged, but known Successful against al Qaeda 2009: 58 attacks 2010: 117 attacks Controversial: a.

civilians attacked & killed b. secret, so difficult to determine legitimacy of attacks—no public debate or discussion

DRONES

Assassination of terrorist leaders—no prisoners or trials of leaders

Anwar al-Awlaki—anti-US cleric Debate: illegal or legal? Government defense: Military

enemies of USA, threats to US security

OTHER MEASURES AGAINST AL QAEDA & TERRORISM

ECONOMIC WEAPONS: 1.Clinton: block $ transactions b/ al Qaeda & US companies, citizens 2. Bush: Banks & charities sending $ to terrorists 3. US pressures foreign banks al Qaeda cannot use “normal” banks—uses couriers 4. US: more funding for HEW in nations where terrorism is a problem

O’Bama—June, 2009

“We…know that military power alone is not going t solve the problems in Afghanistan and Pakistan.”

Post 9/1 relations b/ US et al.

Uk, France, Russia, et al Diplomatic support Shared intelligence Opposition to war in Iraq Opposition to treatment of terrorists O’Bama has reached out to Muslim

world

O’Bama at Al-Azhar U, Cairo 6/2009

“I have come here to seek a new beginning b/ the US & Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; one based upon the truth that America & Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, & share common principles—principles of justice & progress; tolerance & dignity of all human beings.”

Pakistan

US ally Previous support of Taliban Pos 9/11 allowed US troops based in

Pakistan And, US lifted sanctions caused by

Pakistani nuclear test in 1998 Pakistani border: haven for terrorists

—key problem

Bin Laden His death: problem; increased tensions b/

US & Pakistan Abbottabad: 1 mile from military academy;

40 miles from capital city Pakistani intelligence?? Pakistanis angry that US entered w/o

permission Pakistan: doesn’t feel like an = partner in

fight against al Qaeda & Taliban

Domestic Security Balance b/ principle & security Department of Homeland Security Created by Bush 43 Response to domestic terrorism Key issues: Civil defense Trade Infrastructure Visitors & Immigration Border Control

Civil Defense Prepare for domestic attack Stockpiling meds & vaccines Responses to chemical, biological, or

nuclear attack Hurricane Katrina response was

alarming More funding for emergency ops,

communications, hospital preparedness

Trade

Economic openness International trade: $3 trillion Increased traffic of goods—

complications In a crisis: transportation system (and

trade) was shut down Challenge: how to keep

transportation functioning

Infrastructure

Transportation Telecommunications equipment Water & power supplies: critical to

sound economy

Infrastructure

Limited areas: oil deliveries in regional ports

Attack on a port can paralyze US economy

E. G., US Cole in Yemen in 2000 New challenges strain Coast Guard

personnel & equipment

Visitors/Immigration

2010: 60 million visitors in USA 9/11 hijackers: foreign nationals FBI received info on 2 9/11 hijackers

relating to U. S. Cole—could not find them

INS: no luck No awareness of immediate threat, so

no nitification of FAA, et al

Visitors/Immigaration

How to keep track of overstay or misuse visa

Need more personnel Need technology that enables shared

intell b/ all US agencies US openness is key to economic

success: immigration brings skills and labor supply

Border Control

Thousands of miles of borders 350 international points of entry into

USA Vulnerable to: 1) illegal economic

immigration; 2) drug smuggling; 3) entrance of international terrorists

Safety vs. surveillance

Shared Intelligence

Homeland Security Department works with USICS Customs Service Border Patrol Et al

Need: updated electronic information systems—p. 27

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

1. Whys has the USA been targeted by terrorists?

2. Why do some think that many Americans will die on American soil?

3. Why and with whom has the US forged many alliances in the war on terror?

CONTINUED

4. Name 5 domestic issues that the USA faces in the war on terror. Explain 2 in detail.