Elysa Jones Chair , Emergency Management Technical Committee (EM-TC)
Emergency Response to Terrorism TC: Emergency Medical Services
description
Transcript of Emergency Response to Terrorism TC: Emergency Medical Services
Emergency Response to TerrorismTC: Emergency Medical Services
Unit 1: Introduction
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Terminal Objective
Given a terrorist event, the student will be able to recognize the event and determine possible response strategies.
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Enabling Objectives
Distinguish between strategies & tactics. Identify strategic goals regarding
terrorism response. Define terrorism & several categories of
terrorist targets. List several cues for recognizing a
terrorist event. Identify potential field medical resource
needs.
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The TC:EMS Course
Instructor introduction & welcome Course goal
Increase survivability Increase EMS operational
effectiveness Administrative issues Student Manual overview Course background
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Course Overview
Unit 1 - Introduction Unit 2 - Safety Unit 3 - Security Unit 4 - Patient Care Unit 5 - Conclusion
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Student Introductions
Who are you? Where are you
from? Anything in
particular you hope to obtain through your attendance
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Strategies versus Tactics
Strategies Broad objectives, e.g., extrication
Tactics Actual procedures employed, e.g.,
Gain access Package patient Disentangle Develop means for removal Move patient to triage
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Activity 1.1
Strategic Considerations at a Terrorist Event: Masland Island Scenario
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Terrorism Involves
Mass casualties Hazardous materials Technical rescue Warfare Criminal investigation
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Terrorism Involves (cont.)
Numerous strategic goals systems exist to manage these events daily
Mass casualty HazMat Structural collapse
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Terrorism Strategic Goals
Sizeup Response and
Arrival Security Protective
Measures Establish Command Isolate Notification
Evidence Preservation Product Identification Rescue Medical Care Control (spill, leak, fire) Recovery and termination
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Emerging Response Doctrine
Emerging strategies and tactics Sources
U.S. military Lessons learned in U.S. and outside Application of existing response
technology Dynamic and rapidly changing
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Terrorism Defined
An act Illegal (in U.S. or its subdivisions), or Dangerous to human life, with
Intent to intimidate or coerce Government, or Civilian population, that
Furthers a political or social agenda
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Key Concepts of Terrorism
Violence need only be threatened Agent of change: fear Victims not necessarily the target Intended audience: observers Desired outcome: change in political
or social structure
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Issues of Terrorism
Types of terrorists Domestic versus international Left versus right Special interests
Terrorist ideology Extremist viewpoint Intolerance of difference Vilification
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“The end justifies the means”
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Terrorist Targets
Selection based on ability to: Instill fear Achieve high profile exposure Demonstrate the cause Create public distrust or frustration
with government
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Target Candidates
Targets can be: People (including responders) Places Infrastructure
May be based upon Criticality Vulnerability
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Recognizing Terrorist Events
Recognition is the most important factor in an effective response
Late recognition places responders in jeopardy
Must use “clues” or “mental triggers”
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Pre-Event Recognition
Awareness of: Political & social situations Potential targets Intelligence-gathering activities
(others watching us) Integrated Threat Analysis Group
(ITAG) development
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Advisories
ITAG issues advisories based on current threat
Tactical awareness Tactical warning Tactical alert
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Event Phase Recognition
Occupancy or location Types of events Conditions en route and on scene
Weather conditions Channeling, choke points Tactical disadvantages
Timing On-site observations
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Local Resources
Local community resources EMS mutual aid agreements EMS regional response plans &
response teams Fire service response (HazMat engine
companies) Other local agencies
Local Emergency Operations Plan
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State Resources
State emergency operations plan activated by local declaration of emergency
Governor activates plan Enables state resources to be used May be developed under same
organization as FRP When state resources exceeded, the FRP
is activated
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Federal Resources
FRP implements Stafford Act Can be fully or partially activated 2 forms of Presidential activation
Disaster declaration Declaration of major emergency
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Resources Available from Feds
FRP makes an exception by allowing Fed involvement
Via FRP, Fed resources can be available to meet the need
Fed response is organized under ESFs
Each function has a lead federal agency
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Unique Medical Resources
ESF mobilized by PHS/OEP under NDMS
DMATs (Disaster Medical Asst. Teams)
Burn DMATs Crush DMATs Other DMATs
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Unique Medical Resources (cont.)
MMRSRescue & decon of mass casualties
NMRTs are based in Denver, Winston-Salem, Los AngelesRescue & decon of mass casualties
created by terrorism
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Summary
Definition of terrorism Terrorist targets Recognizing terrorism Strategies versus tactics Potential resource needs