U of A Overview of Addictions AADAC YOUTH SERVICES EDMONTON Margaret McClellan.
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Transcript of U of A Overview of Addictions AADAC YOUTH SERVICES EDMONTON Margaret McClellan.
U of A Overview of Addictions
AADAC YOUTH SERVICESEDMONTON
Margaret McClellan
Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse CommissionVision
A healthy society that is free from the harmful effects of alcohol, other drugs, and gambling
Mission Making a difference in people’s lives
by assisting Albertans to achieve freedom from the harmful effects of alcohol, other drugs and gambling.
What percentage of Alberta young people (grades 7-12) do NOT smoke cigarettes?
a) 44.5%b) 76.7%c) 83.8%d) 91.5%
What percentage of Alberta young people (grades 7-12) do NOT use alcohol?
a) 19.3%b) 31%c) 43.7%d) 67.8%
What percentage of Alberta young people (grades 7-12) do NOT use cannabis?
a) 35.2%b) 52.4%c) 43.7%d) 72.4
What percentage of Alberta young people (grades 7-12) do NOT use cannabis?
a) 35.2%b) 52.4%c) 43.7%d) 72.4
CLASSES OF DRUGS Uppers – Stimulants
nicotine, caffeine, crystal meth, cocaine/crack,
Downers – Depressants alcohol, codeine, heroin,
All-arounders – Hallucinogensmagic mushrooms, PCP, LSD, Ecstacy
Cannabis
What are the perks Curiosity To escape To build confidence To increase energy Cope with
emotional/physical pain
Peer influence Self-medication
To be “cool” To gain a
competitive edge Change
appearance i.e lose weight
Emotional experience
Action
Continuum of Use No use Use Misuse Abuse Dependency
Dependence Pattern of behaviour involves:
Poor self-regulatory control Continues despite negative feedback Often appears out of control
Reinforcers become Strong
Addiction
“learned habits that are difficult to extinguish even in face of dramatic negative consequences”
Risk Factors Either life events or experiences
that are statistically associated with an increase in problematic behaviours such as alcohol and other drug use, and problem gambling (Hawkins, Catalano & Miller, 1992)
What are the two top risk factors for substance abuse & gambling?
1. Grade at first start and ease of access
2. Age and peer risk behaviour
3. Neighbourhood disorganization and poor mother’s support
Risk Factors (associated with substance abuse
and gambling)
Age Peer risk behaviour Family history of substance abuse Family discord Disconnection from school
Signs of Substance Abuse Changes in school performance Changes in attitudes toward sports
and activities Changes in weight or physical
appearance Changes in eating/sleeping habits Changes in friends Changes in behaviours
Identifying Students at Risk
Attendance Absent/late Excused from
class Performance
Grades Assignments Motivation
Behaviour Disruptive Inattentive Uncooperative Easily upset Paranoia Change of friends Anger/obscene
language Withdrawn Memory lapses
Identifying risks con’t Attitude
Frequent change of mood
Defensive Other students are
afraid of him or her Specific Concerns
Talks about…
Physical symptoms Appears dazed/giddy Lethargic Unkempt appearance Glassy/bloodshot
eyes/dark circles Falls asleep, not alert Unexplained bruises,
underweight Accident prone
Risk Factors Within Life DomainsSchool Domain
Academic failure Negative, disorderly, and unsafe
school climate Low teacher expectations Lack of clear school policies
regarding drug use Lack of commitment to school Withdrawn/aggressive classroom
behaviour
Major Life Areas Legal Financial Job/School Social Leisure Activities Physical Health Family Relationships Emotional/ Spiritual Health
Transtheoretical Model of ChangeProchaska, DiClemente, Norcross
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination
Model of Change
Stages – have specific tasks that need to be completed
Processes – create and sustain movement through stages
Context – i.e. current life situation, attitudes, beliefs, relationships, personal characteristics
Markers of Change – signposts
Protective Factors Represent the influences,
orientations and behaviours in a youth’s lives that contribute to positive development and help prevent negative behaviours and outcomes such as substance use (SAMHSA 2002p.10, )
Most Important Protective Factors
Parental monitoring Social skills (managing behaviour
choices) Availability of pro-social activities Participation in pro-social activities School connection Peer influence on decision making Positive adults/bonding
Protective factors Within Life Domains
School
Caring and supportive school environment
High expectations Clear standards and rules for
appropriate behaviour Youth participation, involvement,
and responsibility in school tasks and decisions
Resiliency A balancing of protective
factors against risk factors, and the gradual accumulation of emotional strength as children respond successfully to challenges in their families, schools and communities
Resiliency It is important to shift our focus
from looking at what is wrong to looking at and building upon adolescents’ strengths
Building resiliency means
thriving not just surviving
Strength Based Perspective Believes that everybody, every
community, every family, every individual has a fundamental knowledge of capacities and skills, of personal traits and resources that exists within them and around them, that are tools to be used in helping people move in a different direction.
Dennis Saleby
Best practices in prevention
What alcohol, drug, gambling and tobacco prevention works
best?
Good addiction prevention programming Increase protective factors
decrease risk factors Targeted Key transition points Cumulative, progressive Strength-based/best practices Run by leaders who youth see as
trustworthy experiential
Great leaders make great prevention
A Passion for People is paramount. Your positive qualities as a teacher
are an asset as you help prevent alcohol, drugs, gambling and tobacco problems.
Capture those informal prevention opportunities
AADAC Youth Services12325 140 St. 423 7383 Intake Information Series Outpatient
Counseling Intensive
Treatment Program
Family Counseling Parent Support
Group
Detox Residential
Treatment Mobile Team Prevention Team Tobacco
Reduction Team
AADAC Youth Services Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Act Guidelines for interpreting the
confidentiality and disclosure provisions of the Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Act