U niversal D eclaration of H uman R ights by Jason Belland
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Transcript of U niversal D eclaration of H uman R ights by Jason Belland
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UniversalDeclaration ofHuman Rights
by Jason Belland
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History of Human Rights
• Babylonian Code of Hammurabi• British Magna Carta• French Declaration of the Rights of Man• U.S. Bill of Rights
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Events Preceding UDHR
• World War I
• League of Nations
• FDR’s “New Deal” and “Four Freedoms”
• World War II
• Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals
• United Nations
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Creation of UDHR
1946: Commission of Human Rights formed
1947: Drafting of declaration begins
1948: Lengthy and often divisive deliberations
10 December 1948:
UN General Assembly adopts UDHR
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The General Assembly Vote
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The 8 Abstentions
Countries Points of Contention
Soviet Bloc Limited sovereignty of nations
Saudi Arabia Freedom to change religion; gender and marriage rights
South Africa Racial equality
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Eleanor Roosevelt
• Delegate to UN General Assembly 1945-1952
• Chairperson of Human Rights Commission
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UDHR Articles: Examples
Article 5: Freedom from Torture
Article 25:
Right to Health Care
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InternationalCovenant on Civil
and Political Rights(ICCPR)
InternationalCovenant on Economic,
Social, and Cultural Rights(ICESCR)
UniversalDeclaration ofHuman Rights
(UDHR)
International Bill of Rights
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International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
150
37
7
not signedsigned but not ratifiedratified
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UDHR Preamble
“Every individual . . . shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms . . . “
http://www.udhr.org
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Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
40
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ICESCR USConstitution
Components
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