U Complex Organizations Reformat
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Transcript of U Complex Organizations Reformat
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Understanding ComplexOrganizations
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Content & Structure
Basic Concepts
How Work Is
Organized Advanced Concepts
How Goals AreEstablished
Application
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Basic Concepts
OrganizationalStructure
How Work IsOrganized
Processes In WorkOrganizations
How Things GetDone
OrganizationalBoundaries
Most Organizations Are Still Too Hierarchical
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The Concept of Structure
All Organizations Have Structures
Can Understand Structure In Terms of
Three Dimensions:
Centralization
Formalization
Standardization
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Structure As a Continuum
Anchor IBureaucracy
Highly CentralizedHighly Formalized
Highly Standardized
Slow
Focused onEfficiency
Clear Boundaries
Anchor II TheNetworkedOrganization
Decentralized
Few Rules
Fast andAdaptive
Focused onInnovation
LeakyBoundaries
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The Human Side Of Structure
Managerial Elite
Top 10 Percent
Technical &Professional Class
Perform Work ThatManagers Cannot
Insignificant People
If You Object To The Term Insignificant, Look At
What Happened At Enron, Tyco, Global Crossing, etc.
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Processes In Organizations
Dynamic
Ordered
Sequence OfEvents
A Beginning & An
Outcome
Operate Within
Structures
A Simple, Three Stage Process
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Important Processes
Resource Allocation
Goal Formation
Conflict & Conflict Resolution
Decision-Making
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Boundaries & Boundary Spanning
Internal
Organization
ExternalEnvironments
Line of Demarcation
PhysicalPsychological
Sociological
Do Boundaries Make Sense
In A Global, Networked
Economy?
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Boundaries & Structure
Classic Thinking Is
That The Technical
Core Must BeBuffered
Buffering Done By
Specialists CalledBoundary Spanners
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Boundary Spanners
InterpretEnvironmental
Trends Limit Uncertainty
Boundary SpanningUnitsMarketing
Finance
Looking & Seeing Are
Not The Same Thing
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End of Basic Concepts
Things to Think
About:
How Does StructureInfluence Processes?
Boundaries?
What Happens When
EstablishedBoundaries AreBreached?
Thinking Differently
Often Leads To Deeper
Understanding
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Advanced Concepts
Coalitions & Coalition
Formation
The Dominant
Coalition
Goals & Goal
Formation Many People Believe ThatOrganizations Have A
Common Purpose
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Coalitions In Organizations
People With Common
Interests & Goals
Exist WithinOrganizational Structure
Hidden, Not Part OfReporting Relationships
Membership Is FluidCoalitions Form To Put
Forth Common Interests
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Coalition Formation & Dynamics
Property of Organizations
Coalitions Are Constantly Forming andDisbanding
Coalitional Power & Membership Is In Flux Membership Is Based On Self-Interest
Coalitions Bargain For Resources Large Power Differences Among Them
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The Dominant Coalition
Responsible For Running
The Organization
Drawn From OtherCoalitions
Allocates Resources
Responsible For The
Organizations Future A Great Deal Of TrustHas Been Lost In The
Dominant Coalition
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Goals & Goal Formation
How Many Goals
Does An
Organization Have?How Are They
Formed?
How AreDivergences
Resolved?
Getting Everyone Moving
In The Same Direction Is
Not An Easy Task
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A Divergent Set Of Goals
Formal
Organizational
Goals Implicit
Organizational
GoalsCoalitional Goals
Personal Goals
Goals Are Not Always
In Alignment
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Process of Goal Consensus
Job Of The
Dominant Coalition
Done ThroughBargaining
Goal Consensus Is
Temporary,Unstable, and
Expensive
Bargaining Is Politicized
And Contentious
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End of Advanced Concepts
Things To Think
About:
How Rational Is TheResources Allocation
Process?
What Kind Of
Outcomes Are To BeExpected From AnIrrational Process?
Money Changes Everything
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Application: Basic Concepts
Structure, Process
and Boundaries
Define How A FirmOrganizes Its
Business, Its Work
Flow, and Its
Interaction With The
World
Basic Concepts AreUsed To Understand
Organizational Design
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Application: Advanced Concepts
The Dominant
Coalition And Other
Coalitions InOrganizations
Determine Goal
Formation And The
Firms Direction
Advanced Concepts Are
Needed To UnderstandWhy Organizations Move
In Any Given Direction
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Module Summary
Basic Tools For
Understanding
OrganizationsStructure
EmbeddedProcesses
Boundaries
Advanced Tools For
Understanding
OrganizationsCoalitions
The DominantCoalition
Goals and GoalFormation