Types of Sentences According to Structure
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Transcript of Types of Sentences According to Structure
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Sentence Structure:
Sentence Types
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Sentence Types
• Simple• Compound• Complex• Compound-Complex
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Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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Basic Elements
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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Simple Sentence
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Simple Sentence
• A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.
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Simple Sentence
We went to San Juan yesterday.
Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:
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Simple Sentence
We went to San Juan .
Pronoun Verb
Simple subject
Complete predicate
Prepositional phrase
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate
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Simple Sentence
play tennis.
Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&
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Simple Sentence
play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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Compound Sentence
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Compound Sentence• A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand alone (independent clauses).
• Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.
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Compound Sentence
We went to San Juan, and and most of us danced all night.
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Compound Sentence
We went to San Juan,
and most of us danced all night .
Subject Verb
CoordinatingConjunction
Predicate
Verb
Prepositional phrase
Modifying phraseSubject
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Compound Sentence
Use of Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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Compound SentenceTom swims,
Mary plays tennis.
and
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and” in compound sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
HOWEVER
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Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
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Note: Semicolon before conjunctiveadverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
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Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
• Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.
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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
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Semicolons
• “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
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Complex Sentence
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Complex Sentence• A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot
• The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction
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Complex Sentence
Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have
fun, we went to San Juan yesterday.
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Complex Sentence
Since we wanted to have fun,
we went to San Juan yesterday.
PredicateSubject
SubordinatingConjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
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Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
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Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
he is ugly.
even though
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after,"
"although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once,"
"since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and while."
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Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
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Compound-Complex Sentence
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• This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand alone, and at least one that cannot.
• Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.
Compound-Complex Sentence
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Compound-Complex Sentence
Since we wanted to have fun,
my boyfriend and I went to San Juan yesterday,
and we danced all night.
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Since we wanted to have fun,
my boyfriend and I went to San Juan,
and we danced all night.
Subject
Predicate
SubordinatingConjunction
CoordinatingConjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Compound-Complex Sentence
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Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular
he is good looking,
because
he is not very happy.
but
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QUIZSay if the following sentences are:
Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.
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1.The girls went to Camiguin to see the magnificent
place.
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2. Alvir won the quiz bee
competition, and Danica got the second place.
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3. Xerdaiv was very surprised
and happy when he knew that her
mother came home.
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4. A group of mountaineers climbed up the highest mountain
in the Philippines.
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5. Jesher passed the bar examination because he studied hard and he followed each instruction carefully.
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6. Because Alwin has so much climbing experience, we asked him to lead our group.
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7. You and I need piano lessons.
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8. I planned to go to the basketball game, but I could not get tickets.
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9. Jazzine likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys kayaking.
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10. There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them soon.
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Answers
1. Complex2. Simple3. Compound4. Compound5. Compound-complex
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Answers
6. Simple7. Compound 8. Complex9. Simple 10. Compound-complex
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References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.