Rocks Rocks! What makes up Earth’s Crust Three types of rocks… Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary.
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
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Transcript of Types of Sedimentary Rocks
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Types of Sedimentary RocksChapter 6.2
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Classifications
• Sedimentary rocks are classified by their mode of formation
• Clastic• Chemical • Biochemical
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
• Classified according to size of their particles– Coarse grained rocks– Medium grained rocks– Fine grained rocks
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Coarse grained rocks
• Gravel sized rock and mineral fragments
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Conglomerates
rock
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Medium grained rocks
• Sand sized rocks• Sandstone – Ripple marks and cross-bedding help geologists
map out ancient rivers – Quartz and rock fragments– High porosity
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Sandstone
rock
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Fine-grained rocks
• Consist of silt and clay sized particles• Siltstone and shale• Environments like swamps and ponds– Still or slow moving – Accumulate in thin horizontal layers
• Low porosity– Form barriers that hinder the movement of
groundwater and oil
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Siltstone and Shale
rock
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
• Involves the processes of evaporation and precipitation of minerals– Evaporation• Minerals are left behind• Arid areas – high evaporation rates can increase
concentration of dissolved minerals in bodies of water– Great Salt Lake– -common in arid regions
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Water Cycle
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Evaporates
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Biochemical
• Formed from the remains of once living organisms– Limestone• Primarily calcite• Common in shallow water
– Around coral reefs• May include fossils
– Siliceous ooze solidifies– Coal
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Limestone
rock
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Chert
• Fine grained quartz
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Conglomerate
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Sandstone
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Shale
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Shell limestone
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Coal
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Calcareous tufa
• Calcite
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Rock salt