TYLER OBJECTIVE MODELEmily Durbin Elouise R. FordTressa Brooks Hunter

OBJECTIVESExplore the evolution of the Tyler Objective ModelDescribe the model and its major componentsDefine the primary terms used in the theoryDiscuss the primary strengths and drawbacks of the modelDescribe how this model can be applied in nursing education

EVOLUTION OF THE MODEL Click the link below for a brief history of the evolution of the Tyler model:http://tylerobjectivemodel.weebly.com

MAJOR COMPONENTSThe Tyler Model is often referred to as the objective model because of its objective approach to educational evaluationIt emphasizes consistency among objectives, learning experiences, and outcomesCurriculum objectives indicate both behavior to be developed and area of content to be applied (Keating, 2006)

Tylers Four Principles of TeachingPrinciple 1: Defining Appropriate Learning Objectives

Tylers Teaching Principles contdPrinciple 2: Establishing Useful Learning Experiences

Tylers Teaching Principles contd Principle 3: Organizing Learning Experiences to Have a Maximum Cumulative Effect

Tylers Teaching Principles contdPrinciple 4: Evaluating the Curriculum and Revising Those Aspects That Did Not Prove to be Effective(Keating, 2006)

PRIMARY TERMS OF THE THEORYStating Objectives (Denham, 2002)The progressive emphasizes the importance of studying the child to find out what kinds of interests he has, what problems he encounters, what purposes he has in mind. The progressive sees this information as providing the basic source for selecting objectives

PRIMARY TERMS OF THE THEORYSelecting Learning Experiences (Denham, 2002)Tyler believes that students learn through explorationLike his mentor, John Dewey, Tyler believes teachers should encourage children to become actively engaged in discovering what the world is like

PRIMARY TERMS OF THE THEORYOrganizing Learning Experiences (Denham, 2002)Central to Tylers Model is effectively organizing the learning activitiesStudents need concrete experiences to which the readings are meaningfully connectedThree major criteria are required in building organized learning experiences: continuity, sequence and integration

PRIMARY TERMS OF THE THEORYEvaluating the Curriculum (Denham, 2002)The process of assessment is critical to Tylers Model and begins with the objectives of the educational programThe process of evaluation is essentially the process of determining to what extent the educational objectives are actually being realized by the program of curriculum and instruction

STRENGTHS OF MODELInvolves the active participation of the learner (Prideaux, 2003)Objectives are clearly defined in the purposes. These purposes are translated into educational objectives. (www.coedu.usf.edu/agents/dlewis/publications/tyler.htm) Simple linear approach to development of behavioral objectives (Billings & Halstead, 2009)

CRITICISMS OF THE TYLER MODELNarrowly interpreted objectives (acceptable verbs)Difficult and time consuming construction of behavioral objectivesCurriculum restricted to a constricted range of student skills and knowledge

CRITICISMS OF THE TYLER MODEL(CONT.)Critical thinking, problem solving and value acquiring processes cannot be plainly declared in behavioral objectives (Prideaux, 2003)

CRITICISMS OF THE TYLER MODEL(CONT.)Learning experiences are individual and are not totally within the power of the teacher to selectThe teacher can control the learning experience through the manipulation of the environment, which results in stimulating situations sufficient to evoke the kind of learning outcomes desired (www.neiu.edu/~aserafin/New%20Folder/TYLER.html)

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING CURRICULUMBehavioral objectives no longer the gold standard another prescriptive model has emerged since 1980s, outcomes based education Outcome based education focus on student behavior instead of staff, defines outcomes obtained by studentProgram designers include statements of intent as broad curriculum aims and specific objectives (Prideaux, 2003)

REFERENCESDenham, T.J. (2002). Comparison of two curriculum/Instructional Design Models: Ralph W. Tyler and Siena College Accounting Class, ACCT205. Retrieved from ERIC Database. (ED 471734)

Northeastern Illinois University. (n.d.). Classical Model. Ralph Tyler, 1949, Book Summary. Retrieved from www.neiu.edu/~aserafin/New%20Folder/TYLER.html

University of South Florida College of Education. (n.d.). Ralph Tylers little book. Retrieved from www.coedu.usf.edu/agents/dlewis/publications/tyler.htm

REFERENCES(CONT.)Billings, D. M. & Halstead, J.A. (2009).Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunder Elsevier

Keating, S. (2006). Curriculum development and evaluation in nursing. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Prideaux, D. (2003). Curriculum design: ABC of learning and teaching in medicine. British Medical Journal, 326(7383), 268-270. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1125124/?tool=pubmed

ORPHAN SLIDES

MAJOR COMPONENTSTyler stated his curriculum rationale in terms of four questions which must be answered in developing any curriculum and plan of instruction:What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?

MAJOR COMPONENTS(CONT.)What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes?How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained?

MAJOR COMPONENTSThese questions can be turned into a four step process (www.neiu.edu/~aserafin/New%20Folder/TYLER.html):Stating ObjectivesSelecting Learning ExperiencesOrganizing Learning ExperiencesEvaluating the Curriculum

The four step can be defined as 1) stating the objectives, 2) selecting learning experiences, 3) organizing learning experiences and 4) evaluating the curriculum.*