Two Great Contributors toLibrary Science:

Charles Ammi Cutter and Minnie Earl Sears

http://www.libraryhistory.org/states/MA/MA_NorthHampton_Forbes-01.html http://skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/VERTICAL_URBAN_FACTORY/wilson.php

Ronna Robinson LIBM 6320

October 31, 2011

Food for thought:What would the world of libraries look like without the contributions

of Charles Ammi Cutter and Minnie Earl Sears?

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=library+of+congress&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=0l0l1l1021l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l0ll0l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&biw=1280&bih=681&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi#um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=library+of+congress&pbx=1&oq=library&aq=2&aqi=g10&aql=1&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=1686300l1693799l0l1696446l14l6l1l0l0l2l187l826l0.5l5l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=a41f12d933972b17&biw=1280&bih=681

Charles Ammi Cutter-Born on March 14, 1837 in Boston, Massachusetts -Graduated from Harvard College in 1855 and

from Harvard Divinity School in 1859-During his time in divinity school he was appointed school librarian-Became assistant librarian in the Harvard Libraries from 1860 to 1868(Winke, R. 2004)

http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005677834/

Charles Ammi Cutter continued:-Elected Librarian of the Boston Athenaeum

in 1868-Pioneer in cataloging and classification-Wrote the first major dictionary catalog Rules

for a Dictionary Catalog (1876)-Expansive Classification (1891-93) is the

system of classification that Cutter developed.-1893 until his death –Cutter was librarian of the

Forbes Library, Northampton, Massachusetts (Winke, R. 2004)

“Library Systematizer Extraordinaire:”

• Before his death on September 6, 1903, he made many contributions to libraries.

• While at the Harvard College Library working with Dr. Ezra Abbott he used index cards for the cataloging system so that adding or deleting items could be done on a continuous basis.

• Expansive Classification was designed to be used with very small libraries(first volume) up to the largest libraries(seventh volume). He was still working on the seventh volume when he died.

(Stromgren, P. 2011)

Cutter’s stated goal:“prepare a scheme applicable to

collections of every size, from the village library in its earliest stages to the national library with a million volumes”

(Stromgren, P. 2011)

http://www.forbeslibrary.org/cutter/cacutter.shtml

http://www.amazon.com/Rules-Dictionary-Catalogue-Charles-Cutter/dp/0554609290

Charles Ammi Cutter:- He was among a group to call for librarians

to form a professional organization.-The American Library Association was formed from this meeting on October 6, 1876. (ALA/History, 2011)

Minnie Earl Sears

http://hwwtechnicalsupport.com/news/news_2_6_04.cfm

-Born in Lafayette, Indiana on November 17, 1873-Earned her B. S. at the age of 18 from Purdue

University-She was a cataloger at Bryn Mawr College, the

University of Minnesota, and the New York Public libraries.

(Sears Now in 80th, 2011)

Minnie Earl Sears continued:

http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/imageviewer.asp?ean=9780824211059&imId=72186857

-Started working at H. W. Wilson in 1923-Wrote List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries, for which she is best remembered (Sears Now in 80th, 2011)

Charles Ammi Cutter & Minnie Earl Sears

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/templates/jeopardy-game-TC030004943.aspx

100 100 100 100 100

200 200200200200

300 300 300 300 300

400 400 400 400 400

500 500 500 500 500

Subject 1

Subject 2

Subject 3

Subject 4

Subject 5

Subject 1 – 100

Who wrote List of Subject Headings?

Minnie Earl Sears

Subject 1 - 200

Who used index cards for their library catalog?

Charles Ammi Cutter

Subject 2 - 100

Who was the first director of the Forbes Library?

Charles Ammi Cutter

Subject 2 - 200

Who worked at H. W. Wilson Company?

Minnie Earl Sears

Subject 3 – 100

Who wrote Expansive Classification?

Charles Ammi Cutter

Subject 3 - 200

Who graduated from college at age 18?

Minnie Earl Sears

Subject 4 - 100

Who was a native of Lafayette, Indiana?

Minnie Earl Sears

Subject 4 - 200

Who was born in Boston, Massachusetts?

Charles Ammi Cutter

Subject 5 - 100

What classification system uses the alphabet instead of

numbers?

Expansive Classification

Subject 5 - 200

What work had its name changed to honor its

author?

Sears List of Subject Headings

ReferencesALA | History. (n.d.). ALA | Home - American Library Association. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from

http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/missionhistory/history/index.cfmAmazon.com: Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue (9780554609294): Charles Ammi Cutter: Books.

(n.d.). Amazon.com: Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & More. Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://www.amazon.com/Rules-Dictionary-Catalogue-Charles-Cutter/dp/0554609290

[Charles Ammi Cutter]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://www.forbeslibrary.org/cutter/cacutter.shtml

Charles Ammi Cutter, 1837-1903, three-quarters length, seated on porch, facing slightly left. Amer. Librarian]. (n.d.). Library of Congress Home. Retrieved October 28, 2011, from http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005677834

Charles Ammi Cutter [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005677834/

Forbes Library [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://libraryhistory.org/states/MA/MA_NorthHampton_Forbes-01.html

H. W. Wilson Company [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from http://skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/VERTICAL_URBAN_FACTORY/wilson.php

Library of Congress [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=library+of+congress&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=0l0l1l1021l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l0ll0l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&biw=1280&bih=681&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi#um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=library+of+congress&pbx=1&oq=library&aq=2&aqi=g10&aql=1&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=1686300l1693799l0l1696446l14l6l1l0l0l2l187l826l0.5l5l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=a41f12d933972b17&biw=1280&bih=681http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=library+of+congress&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=0l0l1l1021l0l0l0l0l0l0l0l0ll0l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&biw=1280&bih=681&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi#um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=library+of+congress&pbx=1&oq=library&aq=2&aqi=g10&aql=1&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=1686300l1693799l0l1696446l14l6l1l0l0l2l187l826l0.5l5l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=a41f12d933972b17&biw=1280&bih=681

Minnie Earl Sears [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://hwwtechnicalsupport.com/news/news_2_6_04.cfm

Sears List of Subject Headings-book cover [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/imageviewer.asp?ean=9780824211059&imId=72186857

Sears, Minnie Earl. (n.d.). TheFreeDictionary. Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Sears,+Minnie+Earl

Sears Now in 80th Year of Helping Library Catalogers Optimize Access toCollections. (n.d.). The H.W. Wilson Company. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://hwwtechnicalsupport.com/news/news_2_6_04.cfm

Stromgren, P. (n.d.). Charles Ammi Cutter | Forbes Library. Forbes Library, Northampton, Massachusetts | Welcome. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://www.forbeslibrary.org/cutter/cacutter.shtml

Submit, C. (n.d.). Jeopardy game - Templates - Office.com. Office - Office.com. Retrieved October 29, 2011, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/templates/jeopardy-game-TC030004943.aspx

Winke, R. (2004). The Contracting World of Cutter's Expansive Classification. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(2), 122-129. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=10&sid=efdeadef-465d-4b3a-b4ab-db4ee7ba3b79%40sessionmgr12