TW PS2 - Portable Formatter

8/3/2019 TW PS2 - Portable Formatter

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Lyceum of the Philippines - Laguna Km. 54, National Highway, Makiling, Calamba

College of Engineering

“PORTABLE FORMATTER WITH CHARGER AND SPEAKER”

A Project Study

In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements For

Technical Writing for Engineers

Submitted by:

Ancheta, Braimar Isle

Dizon, Argel Joseph D.

Galicia, John Ray

Lunar, Janison L.

Razonales, Ivy A.

Sumitted to:Mr. Nelson Tenorio

Instructor





Chapter 1THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The 21st Century, the present time when modern technology have greatly

influenced almost all aspects of human life. Throughout history, society have

witnessed dynamic technological advances affect the way of living, most of which

never fail to alleviate and hasten daily tasks, provide people with entertainment

and leisure, and enhance the standards of industry, transportation and

communication. Such improvements in technology have indeed, substantiate the

people’s needs and desire to live a life of comfort and relief. Therefore, people

are constantly seeking for significant breakthroughs which will further escalate

the quality of human life.

Reference: http://en/encartaencyclopedia/technology

Interfacing is a process in computing technology that mobilizes the entire

computer system which is primarily composed of numerous connections. These

connections are a vital as the parts themselves because unless they are

accurate, the computer could not work.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/interfacing

http://en/encartaencyclopedia/technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/interfacing


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/interfacing





One of these newly patented systems is the USB or the Universal Serial

Bus which efficiently contribute to the information technology. USB (Universal

Serial Bus) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the

cables, connectors and protocols used for connection, communication and power

supply between computers and electronic devices.

Reference: http://en/encartaencyclopedia/technology

USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals,

such as keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media

players, disk drives and network adapters to personal computers, both to

communicate and to supply electric power . It has become commonplace on other

devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles.

With a highly efficient interfacing device such as the USB system, the

fundamental computer functions such as formatting, storing, file transferring, and

a whole lot more would be faster in a highly successful rate. This in turn would

improve our daily activities in information technology with countless folds. Just

imagine how MIS or Management Information System would be far productive

with this technology.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_standard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_peripheral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_player


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_drive


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_standard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer










http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console





Background of the Study

The use of Flash drives is very important these days. Flash drives help

carry files in the easiest way. It’s very convenient and handy. But there are times

Flash drives get affected with viruses from computers. Flash drives can also

transfer viruses. It can affect the next computer the flash drives will be inserted

to. Because of this, flash drives can be corrupted and the files in it will be unable

to be read and used. This is a big problem especially when those files are really

important. To get the virus out, users need to insert their flash drives to

computers and then format it. But due to the fact that flash drives can transfer

viruses, users have hard time doing this. A portable formatter will be helpful in

this case. You will no longer insert it to your computer and you can format flash

drives anytime and anyplace.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashdrives

Almost everyone have a cell phone these days, so a cell phone charger

will be needed. Charging of cell phones is also one of the important things people

need to do. Cell phones may not function well if it’s not charged well. Universal

chargers are now invented to be used in different cell phones. They are also very

convenient and handy. It can no longer be limited to only one model of cell

phone.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cellphones





Statement of the Problem

In line with conducting the project study, the researchers of this research

has to solve the following problems:

1. What are the scientific theories, principles and literatures which

concern the Project Study entitled “Portable Formatter with Charger

and Speaker”?

2. What are the methods, materials and techniques involved in

constructing an ideal prototype device such as the Portable Formatter

with Charger and Speaker?

Objectives of the Study

General Objective:

To design a system that would optimize interfacing technology with

the Portable Formatter with Charger and Speaker, the researchers of this

research aims to accomplish the following objectives

1. To design a prototype device called “Portable Formatter with

Charger and Speaker

2. To determine the methods, materials and processes involved

designing the project study





Significance of the Study

This study “Portable Formatter with Speaker and Charger” primarily

concerning the development of a device that would improve computing systems

is significant and beneficial to the following:

• General computer users

This project study would be beneficial to the general population of

computer users as it would greatly improve basic computer functions like

interfacing or computer connections, formatting and file managing.

• Computing companies and manufacturers

Computing companies and manufacturers would benefit from the

accomplishment of this project as they can adopt the patented device and

manufacture it with their product line, or otherwise develop the device within the

company’s system, enhancing their computer systems capabilities in file and

network management.

• Offices and business firms

Offices and business firms would benefit greatly concerning their

MIS or Management Information System Office as the study would further

contribute to better computer functions. Devices are easily formatted by the

patented device formatter. Interfacing would be a lot simpler and faster with the





multi-installed adapters and ports. File management would then be portable and

thus, extending managing capabilities with countless folds.

• Future researchers and project study researchers

It will also benefit future researchers as it could be a source of

ideas and innovations to further improve computer applied systems.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study involves the integration of USB and LCD

applications on a hardware device, installed with software with formatting

capabilities. The features of the device are limited to portable formatting, an LCD

interface for file managing and multiple port adapters.





Definition of Terms

Adapter

An electronic component which connects ports or sockets of different

devicesa.

Charger

An electronic device that stores or charges electrical energy from another

electricity source.

Digital Files

Are digital data inputted or stored in a computer system.

Formatting

A computer function deleting all stored digital file from a certain device and

adjust it to desired settings.

Flash Drive

An electronic device which is a removable computer drive that stores large

amount of computer data.

Information Technology

The technology which generally describes the digital age of the present

society and its vast computer application.

Interface

The program or software designed for the computer user’s function.





LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

The process of projecting digitally enhanced image on a screen.

MIS (Management Information System) – System

The system that generally describes the entire network, file and server

management of a certain school, office, firm or a certain geographical area.

Portability

A computer feature that generally describes the capability of devices of

being easily transported and used without the hassle of wires and tables.

Ports

The part of computers wherein wires and plugs for connections are

insterted.

Prototype

Is a sample or trial product which is still undergoing series of observations

and tests and not yet officially justified as to something that would work.

USB (Universal Serial Bus)

The computer method of using the USB port for faster and more efficient

connection.

Virus

A computer ware specifically designed to harm computers.





Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign

Disk formatting is the process of preparing a hard disk drive or flexible

disk medium for data storage. In some cases, the formatting operation may also

create one or more new file systems. The formatting process that performs basic

medium preparation is often referred to as "low-level formatting." The term "high

level formatting" most often refers to the process of generating a new file system.

In certain operation systems (e.g., Microsoft Windows), the two processes are

combined and the term "format" is understood to mean an operation in which a

new disk medium is fully prepared to store files. As a general rule, formatting a

disk is "destructive," in that existing data (if any) is lost during the process.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting

Formatting Process

Formatting a disk for use by an operating system and its applications

involves three different steps.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_disk


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows






1. Low-level formatting (i.e., closest to the hardware) marks the

surfaces of the disks with markers indicating the start of a recoding block

(typically today called sector markers) and other information to be used

later, in normal operations, by the disk controller to read or write data.

This is intended to be the permanent foundation of the disk, and is often

completed at the factory.

2. Partitioning creates data structures needed by the operating

system. This level of formatting often includes checking for defective

tracks or defective sectors.

3. High-level formatting records into the structure created by the

intermediate-level formatting the file system format (i.e., the data

structures used by the OS, to identify the logical drive or partition's

contents). This may occur during operating system installation, or when

adding a new disk. Disk and distributed file system may specify an

optional boot block, and/or various volume and directory information for

the operating system.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting

Portable software is a class of software that is suitable for use on

portable drives such as a USB (thumb) drive or digital audio player or PDA with

"drive mode", although any external hard drive can be used. [1] [2] The concept of

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_controller


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_systems


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_application

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_player

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_hard_drive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_portable_software#cite_note-0



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_controller


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_systems


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_application


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_player

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_hard_drive







carrying one's favored applications, utilities, and files on a portable drive for use

on any computer is one which has evolved considerably in recent years.

Programs in this category (also known as portable applications) are

typically 'lite' versions of their parent software, but there are many exceptions.

To be considered portable, for purpose of this list, a software program must:

1. Not require any kind of formal installation onto a computer's

permanent storage device to be executed, and can be stored on a

removable storage device such as USB flash drive, enabling it to be used

on multiple computers.

2. Settings are stored with, and can be carried around with, the

software (i.e., they are written to the USB drive). If the registry is used to

store settings, the application's configuration isn't portable, and must be

set up on every PC it is used on

3. Leaves a zero (or near-zero) "footprint" on any PC it is run on after

being used. i.e., All temporary files/registry settings should be removed

once the program has exited, and files created by the user can be saved

directly to the same removable media as the application is stored on.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory-footprint


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory-footprint





Generally, smaller utility/toolkit software is inherently fairly portable; though

larger applications are sometimes changed in order to allow a portable versions

to be released (e.g., Opera@USB and OperaTor ).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_portable_software

A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host, a

multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected

in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers,

allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB host may

have multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more

USB ports. Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be

connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series

through hubs. There always exists one hub known as the root hub, which is built

into the host controller.

A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are

referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for

example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio

device function). Such a device is called a compound device in which each

logical device is assigned a distinctive address by the host and all logical devices

are connected to a built-in hub to which the physical USB wire is connected. A

host assigns one and only one device address to a function.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toolkit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OperaTor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_portable_software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_device

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_topology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hub

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toolkit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OperaTor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_portable_software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_device

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_topology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hub

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam





Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB

Chapter 3METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design that will be used in the study.

This will also explain the methodological approach to understanding the

implications of the “Portable Formatter with Charger and Speaker”.

The questions posed in this project, "what is the principles of designing

the Portable Formatter with Charger and Speaker and what are the methods that

will be conducted in constructing the said device?" will be answered using the

methodology detailed in this component of the research project.

The first step in understanding the implications stated above is through the

use of Library. This will allow researchers for references and to work easily and

refer quickly to sections mentioned in the project more efficiently.

The next step in this process will be to define the terms and concepts to

be discussed in the paper. Free speech concepts and ideologies from Argel

Joseph Dizon, Braimar Isle Ancheta, Ivy Razonale, Janison Lunar and John Ray







Galicia will be offered as a basis for understanding the fundamental.

Furthermore, and it also be included in order to familiarize the reader with the

mechanism.

The project analysis consists of four elements. First, this researcher will

identify key terms of significant interest related to the study. These key terms will

serve as the nexus for other terms, which exist in close proximity, conceptually,

to the identified key terms. Next, these terms will be charted to create clusters of

concepts, which will serve as a basis to explain and explore these concepts in

relation projects study. From these clusters of terms, patterns will be defined

which serve to further define the meanings of the key terms. Finally, this project

will name the motive. The intent is to discover the motive of the Portable

Formatter with Charger and Speaker

Through the cluster analysis the motive(s) and definitions will be further

explored to determine if they exist in direct conflict with the project. Furthermore,

the study will discuss the findings of the cluster analysis and the implications that

the product will possessed.

After researching for significant background of the study, and consulting

on related literatures and studies, determining the problems to be solved and the

corresponding objectives required to suffice the solutions, the researchers of the





study shall now conduct a series of research and methodological approach to

design and construct the actual device which is the Portable Formatter with

Charger and Speaker.

These include planning the conceptual framework of the design, and the

careful analysis and design of the system block diagram and schematic diagram

of the device.

In line with this, the researchers shall acquire prior knowledge in circuitry

and microelectronics for the internal electrical connection, input/output analysis,

power, voltage and current capacity, and electronic component specifications

and compatibility. And thus, the researchers should also have adept skills in

constructing the actual device from its theoretical design. The plotted diagram

would be subjected to further tests in electronic circuit analysis computer

programs such as MultiSIm and Target.

After the conceptual design has been finalized, the researchers of the

study shall now build the actual device, implementing the methods and process

involved. Successfully constructing the Portable Formatter with Charger and

Speaker with efficiency meets the stated objective of this study.





Research Design

The conceptual structure of the research constitutes a project study of a

specific device entitled “Portable Formatter with Charger and Speaker.” Thus, the

study’s data collection primarily involves the methods, materials and techniques

to be conducted to construct the device. The study’s approach would center on

matters concerning how to build the Portable Formatter, what are the

components involved and certain equipments to be used, and the relevant

matters to be considered in conducting the project study.

System Block Diagram





Figure 1. System Block Diagram - Portable Formatter with Charger and Speaker

Figure 1 shows the System Block Diagram of the device termed as

Portable Formatter with Charger and Speaker. The diagram illustrates the

processes involved and how they link the flow of data throughout the different

components of the entire system. Further details follow elaborating the flow of

data from inputs to outputs, how they are processed in the system, and the

functions of each component.

System Processes

• External Device Interfacing





Is the connection of external peripheral devices into the system

chassis of the Portable Formatter initializing from the connection of USB

cables of devices into the USB Port or insertion of memory cards into the

memory card slot.

• Software Interfacing

The external device is read and connected into the software of the

Portable Formatter until finally shown into the user interface.

• Formatting/Reformatting

Formatting is the process of preparing a hard disk drive or flexible

disk medium for data storage. It is the first-time formatting of the device.

Reformatting is a high-level formatting performed on a functioning

disk drive to free the contents of its medium. The most important aspect of

the process is that it frees disk space for use by other data. To actually

"erase" everything requires overwriting each block of data on the medium;

something that is not done by many PC high-level formatting utilities.

• Audio Playing

Audio Decoding




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting#HIGH




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting#HIGH





Sound files in .mp3, .wma, and .m4a formats are read from the

drive source and decoded in a format that the Portable Formatter can

playback.

Transduction

Is the process wherein the sound file in electrical form is

transduced or converted into sound for further amplification and playback.

Amplification

Is the process wherein sound volume is amplified or increased until

played by the loudspeaker.

• Power Regulation

Power Step-down/Step-up

Transfers supplied electrical energy from source to the entire

Power Supply Unit through inductively coupled conductors, also steps-up

or step-down the AC voltage into the suitable voltage magnitude.

Rectification

Converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses

direction, to direct current (DC) which flows in only one direction.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current





Filtering

The process of eliminating pulsating AC voltage component from

the DC supplied voltage, but with small AC ripples.

Smoothing

The process wherein small AC ripples are finally eliminated

producing pure DC voltage.

• Charging

To put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by

forcing an electric current through it.

System Components

• USB Ports/Card Slots

USB ports was designed to standardize the connection

of computer peripherals, such as keyboards, pointing devices, digital

cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network

adapters to personal computers, both to communicate and to

supply electric power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_battery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current
























Card Slots are sockets wherein memory cards are insterted.

• LCD Screen

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic

visual display, video display that uses the light modulating properties

of liquid crystals(LCs). LCs do not emit light directly. It is where the user

interface of the Portable Formatter software will be projected.

• Formatter Software

Is the customized software of the Portable Formatter which will

process the entire device’s functions specially the formatting of flash disks.

• Audio Player

Decoder

Is a computer program implementing an algorithm that compresses

and decompresses digital audio data according to a given audio file

format or streaming media audio format.

Amplifier

Amplifiers drive the loudspeakers used in PA systemsto make the

inputted sound source louder or play recorded music.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_display


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_Crystals


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_file_format


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PA_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_display



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_Crystals


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PA_system





Loudspeaker

Is the electroacoustic transducer that produces sound in response

to the electrical audio signal input.

• Power Supply Unit

Transformer

The Transformer step up or down the input AC source voltage into

the required magnitude of voltage.

Rectifier

Rectifier converts the AC voltage supply into pulsating DC voltage.

Filter

Filter eliminates the pulsating AC component from the DC voltage

Voltage Regulator

Is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a

constant voltage level.

• Battery Charger

Is the device used to put energy into a secondary cell

or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator_(automatic_control)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage








IPO Chart

Input Process Output

External DeviceConnection

Device Interfacing User Interface Display

Disk Drive ConnectionProgram Interfacing and

Disk FormattingFormatted Disk

MP3, WMA, M4A Files Audio Decoding andAmplification

Amplified Audio Playback

110V – 220V ACPower Regulation and

ChargingCharged DC Voltage

Battery

Table 1. IPO chart of the Portable Formatter with charger and speaker.

The Table above shows the multiple inputs of the system, how they are

processed and the multiple outputs of the device.

Schematic Diagram





Figure 2. Prototype Schematic Diagram - Portable Formatter with Charger and

Speaker

Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of the Portable Formatter. This

circuit diagram is designed using the MC34063 circuit which is a monolithic

control circuit delivering the main functions for DC DC voltage converting.

Circuit Component Specification





Electronic Components Specification Quantity

Resistors

1 Ω 0.5W 3

1k Ω 2

560 Ω 1

10 Ω 0.5W 1

470 Ω 1

Capacitors

470µF 2.5V 1

100nF 1

470pF 1

1000 µF 16V LOW ESR 1

Inductors 220µH 1

Diodes

1N5404 1TVS1 P6KE27A 1

1N5819 1

LED 1

USB Port/Socket 5V at 500mA 1

Integrated Circuit MC34063A 1

Switch SPST 1

Table 2. The Circuit Component Specification of the Portable Formatter with

Charger and Speaker.

The Table above shows the electronic components found in the circuit of

the Portable Formatter, with their corresponding specifications or magnitude and

their quantities. Further discussion below elaborates the data flow, the functions

of each components and the operations involved in the system.

The output voltage of this MC34063 mp3 player charger will deliver a 5

volts output voltage at 660mA output current . The MC34063 mp3 player charger

contains an internal temperature compensated reference, comparator, duty cycle

controlled oscillator with an active current limit circuit, driver and high current





output switch. The output voltage is adjustable through two external resistors with

a 2 % reference accuracy. This device circuit require an input voltage from 9 to

15 volts DC .Modify the VR1 variable resistor you can adjust the output voltage at

5 volts . The L1 coil has 75 turns of 0.5 mm enameled copper wire on a Neosid

powdered iron core 17-732-22.

TW PS2 - Portable Formatter

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