Tutorial_ Using Atmel Studio 6 With Arduino Projects _ EngBlaze

In our previous Atmel tutorial, we talked about how to set up the powerful AVR Studio 5 IDE to incorporate Arduino libraries andprojects. As flexible as AVR Studio 5 is, it had a few issues, and Atmel has been hard at work hustling the next major version out thedoor. Now, rebranded as Atmel Studio 6 (no longer just for AVRs!), the new version promises to be better, faster, and easier to use.Here, well show you the quickest way to get up and running if you want to use Arduino code with all of the new features.

Note: This article explains how to set up the Atmel Studio 6 IDE for use with Arduino projects, step-by-step. It also notes on generalsetup for working with Atmel devices, background on the pros/cons of working with AVR Studio, and a few other tips. A table ofcontents is below; feel free to skip to any section that interests you.

IntroductionPreparing AVR Studio and the Arduino core libraryCompiler and linker setupBuild your projectFlash!Final notesFurther reading

Introduction

Atmel Studio 6 delivers a lot of the value that AVR Studio 5 promised but never quite gave. Released in 2011 and based on MicrosoftVisual Studio, Studio 5 was a large change from AVR Studio 4, which was based on the tried and true Eclipse IDE. Studio 4 isseriously showing its age these days, so a refresh was welcome. However, version 5 came with a long list of bugs and didnt deliver ona lot of the feature list, which left a lot of people wondering whether they should upgrade. The new version appears to have addresseda lot of those bugs, and gets higher marks from us in our initial testing.

Why should I switch?

Atmel Studio is a great choice for users that have outgrown the integrated Arduino IDE. The Arduino IDE does so much under thehood that it can actually be quite limiting for experienced programmers. As we discussed in our previous tutorial, the lack of compilerwarnings and debugging capabilities (Serial.println() after every statement doesnt count), make life hard when working on advanced

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projects.

AVR Studio is a huge step up from those limitations, but for many, making the switch cold turkey is just that: a huge step. If you have abig project, porting the entire thing to pure C can be a daunting task. Plus, some of those Arduino libraries are just so darn .Software serial, anyone? Ethernet capability? Aw yeah.

So why not have the best of both worlds? Arduino is basically a wrapper on top of C/C++ anyway, so technically, its possible tocombine any Arduino sketch or library with your own custom code. The trick is in setting up your project properly. Here are the stepsto create a fully functional Arduino project in AVR Studio 6. Once accomplished, you can keep access to the huge Arduinouser-contributed code library, but enjoy all the features of advanced AVR and a real IDE.

Preparing AVR Studio and the Arduino core library

First, a few preparation steps. This tutorial assumes you have AVR Studio installed already. Unlike the last version, Studio 6comes with full C++ support out of the box, so we dont need to install anything extra.

1.

In order to build Arduino projects, we need to grab the Arduino core library. Normally, the Arduino IDE compiles this for uswhenever we compile a sketch. To use it in Atmel Studio, well compile it first, then grab the compiled version and include it in ourproject. Open the Arduino IDE and turn on verbose output (File -> Preferences -> check Show verbose output duringcompilation). On Windows Vista or 7, the path should look like this: C:/Users//AppData/Local/Temp/

2.

Make sure the Arduino IDE is set for whichever chip you want to use with Atmel Studio, and compile any example sketch, suchas the included blink example. In your output window at the bottom of the IDE window, you should see information on where theIDE put the temporary build output. It will look something like C:Users\{Your User}\AppData\Local\Temp\build3173545040878149377.tmp.

3.

Before you open it, go to your Atmel Studio working directory. This is the folder that stores all of your projects by default, its..\My Documents\Atmel Studio\. Create a new directory here to store your Arduino core files, and name it somethingappropriate (arduinoCore or similar).

4.

Copy and paste the temporary directory from the Arduino IDE into Windows Explorer to open it. Youll see a bunch of files,including one called core.a. Copy that file and paste it into your arduinoCore directory. Rename it from core.a to libcore.a soAtmel Studio recognizes it as a standard library. Now that its there, you can reuse it for any Atmel Studio project as long asyoure using the same type of AVR.

5.

If youre converting an existing sketch called , open the .cpp file from the bldxxx.tmp directory ina text editor. You can simply copy and paste this code into your AVR Studio project to speed things up in a minute.

6.

Sweet, were ready to switch environments. Open AVR Studio and create a new AVR Studio C++ executable project. Rememberto name it in the wizard that pops up, because its a pain to rename a project later.

7.

Choose your chip type. Many Arduino boards use the ATMega328 or 328P, which youll find under the megaAVR, 8-bit devicefamily. Older Arduinos use the ATMega168, while the newer Leonardo uses the ATMega32U4. Look closely at the chip on yourboard for the model # if youre unsure what chip you have.

8.

Copy and paste the source code from the compiled .cpp file you opened earlier into the projects main .cpp file. You can alsocopy/paste the source from your Arduino .pde sketch. The first option is easier because it includes necessary function prototypesthat the Arduino IDE automatically generates, while in the latter case you must add them yourself. In either case, you have tohave these prototypes, or else the compiler will complain that every single function is not declared in this scope when you try tobuild your project. This is one of those things that the Arduino IDE hides from you. Adding your own prototypes is a no braineronce youre used to it, and it can actually save headache because automatic generation can cause problems in more advancedprojects. Remember to include prototypes for setup() and loop() those arent default CPP functions, and the AVR compiler seesthem as your own additions just like anything else.

9.

Add #includeArduino.h". to the very beginning of your source code.10.

Compiler and linker setup


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Now we have to tackle proper compiler setup and linking. Go to Project-> Properties (or press Alt-F7),then click on Toolchain. We need to setup a bunch of compiler options here. By default, this will only edit your Debug buildconfiguration, so select All Configurations from the Configuration drop-down menu if you want to modify both release anddebug configurations at the same time.

1.

First, click on Symbols, in the left-hand AVR/GNU C++ Compiler dropdown menu. We need to add a symbol to tell thecompiler the speed of our chip: for example, click the green plus icon, then enter "F_CPU=16000000L" for a 16Mhz chip. Most 5VArduinos are running at 16Mhz, hence 16000000 (L stands for long integer). If you have a 3.3V Arduino, it will likely be set at8Mhz, so use F_CPU=8000000L instead. Next, add another symbol to define your Arduino software version: "ARDUINO=100" forv1.0, "ARDUINO=101" for v1.01, etc.

2.

Click on to Directories in the same C++ Compiler menu. We need to add the directories that contain our Arduino core codeand libraries, so the compiler can string it all together for us. For any Arduino project, well need to tell the compiler where to findArduino.h and pins_arduino.h. Starting in your Arduino installation directory, add the folders ./hardware/arduino/cores/arduino and ./hardware/arduino/variants/standard.

3.

Youll need to add the directories of any extra Arduino libraries youre using. For example, if you include the SoftwareSeriallibrary, go ahead and add that directory to this section so the compiler knows where to find it. If you forget anything, the compilerwill tell you when you try to build, with a message such as SoftwareSerial.h: No such file or directory. You should also add thehome directory of your project, so the compiler can find source files there.

4.

Youll also need to add the .cpp source files for those same linked libraries to your actual Atmel Studio project. Add a directory toyour project (Project->New Folder) and name it libraries, to keep things organized. Then, go to Project->Add ExistingItem (or Shift+Alt+A), and find the source directories for your included libraries (usually in /libraries, unless you have a customsetup). Select the source files, but instead of clicking the Add button, click the small arrow next to it, and click Add as link.Youll notice the file show up in your Solution Explorer with a small shortcut icon next to it.

5.

Click on Optimization immediately under Directories. Choose Optimize for size under Optimization Level. Add"fdatasections" under other optimization flags, and check the box for prepare functions for garbage collection. Next, clickon Miscellaneous in the same list, and add "fnoexceptions" to the Other flags field. Keep in mind that the Arduino IDEkeeps all other optimization flags off feel free to leave the other default boxes in Optimization checked as they may improveprogram size, but if youre having build problems, try turning them off.

6.

Now well move on to the linker. In the left-hand menu, click on AVR/GNU Linker->Libraries. In the top Libraries section,you should already see an entry for m, which is the AVR math library. Add an entry called core, which is our libcore.a file thatwe grabbed earlier.

7.

We also need to tell it where to find libcore.a, so add our earlier arduinoCore directory under Library search path.8.

Click on AVR/GNU C++ Linker->Optimization, and check the box for Garbage Collect unused sections (-Wl,9.


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gc-sections). This tells the linker to leave out unused portions of each library, which reduces final code size.

Awesome, were done with the project setup. Save your settings, and we can get back to the code.10.

Build your project

At this point, your environment should be completely set up. Hit F7 to build your solution and watch the output window. Is itsuccessful? If so, great. If not, take a look at the errors to see if theres a problem with the code or if its likely a problem with thelinked files. Also take a look at the beautiful new world of compiler warnings youve uncovered. If your project is at all complexand youve only compiled using the Arduino IDE previously, youll have at least a few warnings. These warnings wontnecessarily break your program, but they could. Eliminating them usually means youre following best practices. There are a fewwarnings generated by the Arduino core libraries if youre feeling adventurous you can alter that code, but everything will workfine if you leave them alone.

1.

Configure AVRDude to flash your compiled code

Once youve built your project successfully, you need to upload it to your device. Fortunately, you can do this using the exactsame method as the Arduino IDE. Arduino uses the avrdude utility to flash via serial, and well do the same. We just need to tellAVR Studio what options to use. Click on Tools->External Tools, then click Add in the window that pops up.

1.

If youre using a USB to Serial cable like most Arduino boards do, note which COM port it uses and make the title something likeUsb to Serial Programmer: COM10 for easy identification.

2.

In the Command field, put the path to avrdude.exe in your Arduino installation. For example: "C:/arduino1.0.1/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude.exe" (quotes removed).

3.

In Arguments, paste this line: CC:\dev\arduino1.0.1\hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.confvvpatmega328pcarduinoP\\.\COM10b57600DUflash:w:"$(ProjectDir)Debug\$(ItemFileName).hex":i Edit the path to yourArduino installation and change the COM port, chip target, and baud rate if necessary (ATMega328s normally need 57600 baud,older ATMega168s flash at 19200. One of our commenters pointed out that the Arduino Ethernet uses 115200 by default, socheck what the Arduino IDE is using and copy that for your model). The rest of the flags are the exact same as the Arduino IDEuses. The -v flags control the level of verbosity feel free to play with this parameter. You can include up to four -vs (whichlogs every serial byte transmitted, woohoo!), but weve found that two flags provide enough information without beingoverwhelming. Note: if you have any trouble with this step, go back to the Arduino IDE and flash a project in verbose mode byholding Shift while you press the Upload button. This will display all of the command line output in the bottom status window,and you can see exactly what command your system is using to call avrdude.exe. Edit accordingly for the AVR Studio options. You may also want to check the Use Output window box so you can see the results of the flash; otherwise AVRDude willopen a command window and close it the moment its done.

4.

Flash!


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Boo yah. Go back to your project and click on the Tools menu; there should now be a new menu item for your USB to SerialProgrammer. Make sure you have the main .cpp source file open in your IDE window the serial programmer will try to accessa .hex file for whatever tab is open, so this is the only one that will work. Ensure your Arduino is connected to your computer, thenclick the Programmer menu item. You should see AVRDude open up in your output window, then a progress bar showing flashstatus. Look for the AVRDude is done. Thank you! message after a successful flash.

1.

A lot of this prep work only needs to be done once. Youll need to set up the toolchain properly for each project you create, but nowthat you have the Arduino core library and some practice, things go much quicker the 2nd time. The AVRDude setup is universal andcan be reused for every project.

Youre done! You now have an Arduino with a fully working project, and a huge amount of new development possibilities ahead ofyou. Explore AVR Studio and everything it has to offer, youll be impressed. The AVR Simulator and step-through debugging areabsolutely priceless when youre working on a complex project, and you can now mix Arduino and avr-libc code to your hearts content.

Final Notes:

In some cases, your build may produce cxa_pure_virtual() errors. This is due to a missing error handling function for purevirtuals in C++, but we can provide it ourselves: add

to your main source file. This function doesnt do much, but from what weve read these errors can safely be ignored, so we justprovide a dummy function to make the compiler happy. You could also place this in a "pure_virtual.cpp" file and then includeit in every new project.

1.

Are you looking for a cross platform solution? You wont find it here, as AVR Studio is Windows only. If thats alright with you, fullsteam ahead, but otherwise, you may want to look at Eclipse as a full-featured, cross-platform IDE. AVR Studio has somefeatures that Eclipse doesnt (the AVR Simulator is huge, among other things), but the latter is no slouch. The Eclipse setupprocess is similar and is outlined in great detail on the Arduino website.

2.

Further reading

Smileys Workshop, a site dedicated to AVR programming and projects, has a comprehensive article on switching from the Arduino IDEto AVR Studio. Its a bit older and discusses AVR Studio 4 instead of 5, but is excellent background reading if youre still trying to wrapyour head around everything.

This entry was posted in Arduino, AVR, Tutorials and tagged arduino, atmel studio, AVR, how-to, ide, programming, tutorial byEngBlaze.

46LikeLike

samon September 16, 2012 at 8:08 am said:

HiThanks you very much for this good description. It is easier than with AVR Studio 5.I think there is a little mistake here: Uflash:w:$(ProjectDir)Debug$(ItemFileName).hex:i you missed the \ after Debug.

EngBlazeon September 16, 2012 at 10:24 pm said:

Great catch Sam, thanks! It should be fixed now.

KirAsh4on September 23, 2012 at 2:23 pm said:


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Thanks for this tutorial guys. I was able to configure, compile, and upload a blink test program to a breadboarded 328p.However, while trying to compile a larger sketch, one that uses an external library, FastSPI, that failed.

In the AVR?GNU C++ Compiler Directories section, I do have the path to the library listed, it goes to the arduino-1.0.1\libraries\FastSPI_LED path. Im not sure what else I needed to do to get this library included. Do I have to compile/upload it first fromthe IDE to get a .a library first and include that?

Right now when I try to compile, I get this:

Building target: Hoop.elfInvoking: AVR8/GNU Linker : (AVR_8_bit_GNU_Toolchain_3.4.1_798) 4.6.2C:\Program Files (x86)\Atmel\Atmel Studio 6.0\extensions\Atmel\AVRGCC\3.4.1.81\AVRToolchain\bin\avr-g++.exe -o Hoop.elfHoop.o -Wl,-Map=Hoop.map -Wl,start-group -Wl,-lm -Wl,-lcore -Wl,end-group -Wl,-LC:\Users\Ashley M.Kirchner\Documents\Atmel Studio\arduinoCore -Wl,gc-sections -mmcu=atmega328pHoop.o: In function `CFastSPI_LED::setLeds(int):C:\Users\Ashley M. Kirchner\Documents\Atmel Studio\Hoop\Hoop\Debug/.././Hoop.cpp(250,1): undefined reference to`FastSPI_LEDC:\Users\Ashley M. Kirchner\Documents\Atmel Studio\Hoop\Hoop\Debug/.././Hoop.cpp(250,1): undefined reference to`FastSPI_LEDC:\Users\Ashley M. Kirchner\Documents\Atmel Studio\Hoop\Hoop\Debug/.././Hoop.cpp(250,1): undefined reference to`FastSPI_LED

etc., etc.

Suggestions on how to properly include a library?

KirAsh4on September 23, 2012 at 3:07 pm said:

Followup: that `CFastSPI_LED::setLeds(int) function IS part of the FastSPI library, thats where that comes from. So it seemsthat it does at least read it in, but I dont know why it fails.

FYI, FastSPI is available from http://code.google.com/p/fastspi/ if you want to look how its written.

EngBlazeon September 25, 2012 at 5:37 pm said:

Have you added the FastSPI source as an Existing Item to your Atmel Studio project? Thats usually the cause ofundefined reference errors like the one you describe. You should be able to see the library .cpp files somewhere inyour Solution Explorer make a new folder and add them to that if you want to avoid cluttering up your projectorganization.

KirAsh4on September 26, 2012 at 12:34 am said:

All right, that got me a step further. Now its erroring out saying it cant find WProgram.h. That file is beingreferenced at the top of the .cpp file for FastSPI:

#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100#include Arduino.h#else#include WProgram.h#include#include wiring.h#endif

I do have a #define ARDUINO 101 line in the main programs .cpp file, not in FastSPIs .cpp file. Should it be inboth? This same if-eval is also in FastSPIs .h file


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Im starting to think this is more hassle than its worth.

KirAsh4on September 26, 2012 at 12:40 am said:

Seems greater than and lesser than signs are being filtered. Trying with actual HTML codes:

#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100#include Arduino.h#else#include WProgram.h#include #include wiring.h#endif

ismailon September 26, 2012 at 8:08 am said:

hello Sir,i have done all the setting you explained. its realy very nice to use the fetchers of the arduino in avr studio 6. But i have somedebuts..1) If i am using this, can i use those pin which is not given to use in the arduino?2) Can i use the Pin change interrupt and all 8 external interrupt?3) can we do coding like before in studio 6 and just use the fetchers of arduino?

EngBlazeon January 13, 2013 at 10:18 pm said:

Hi ismail, some quick answers:

1. Yes, you can use any pin on your AVR of choice. Youll just have to use normal C code to manipulate those pinsrather than the Arduino read/write functions.

2. Yes.

3. Absolutely you can mix and match as you please, but if you use the Arduino libraries, youll need to structure yourproject according to their rules ( with setup() and loop() rather than main() ).

BManon October 9, 2012 at 12:26 am said:

This is a great tutorial, and it worked great up until I tried to upload it to my Arduino Uno. I think that the problem is when settingup the Tools connection. At first when I pasted the line into the arguments box and fixed the com port, an error came up saying:

cant open config file C:\dev\arduino-1.0.1\hardware/tools/avr/ect/avrdude.conf : No such file or directory

So I changed the path in that line to where I stored the file, in this case the line now reads:

-CD:\MyDocs\Documents\arduino\arduino-1.0.1\hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -v -patmega328p -carduino -P\\.\COM4-b57600 -D -Uflash:w:$(ProjectDir)Debug\$(ItemFileName).hex:i

It connects to the arduino because when I select the tool, the lights on the board blink, but the program wont load and an error


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comes up saying:

avrdude.exe: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=000

If anyone can help with this I would greatly appreciate it.


Sometimes avrdude has trouble resetting the board so that it will accept new code. Try hitting the reset button as youactivate the upload command. Does it make a difference?

philon November 14, 2012 at 11:31 am said:

Excellent tutorial, thank you very much! I helped me to get through the whole thing (almostI) flawlessly and now Im happy to

back in my beloved VisualStudio with the Arduino

The only problem I had:- Error message after first attempt to flash, sayingavrdude.exe: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=000- Couldnt do the verbose upload in Arduino IDE (error message:)avrdude: usbdev_open(): did not find any USB device usb

The solution was:- open \arduino-1.0.2\hardware\arduino\boards.txt- find the board Im using (Arduino Ethernet)- see that ethernet.upload.speed is 115200- change upload speed in arguments for avrdude from -b57600 to -b115200

Again, thank you for that great tutorial!!!

EngBlazeon November 26, 2012 at 11:07 pm said:

Hi Phil, thanks for the kind words and the tip. I didnt realize that the Ethernet had a default baud rate of 115200 despiteit using the AtMega328 chip. Ill update the tutorial to reflect that. Thanks again!

PHCSon December 9, 2012 at 9:05 am said:

Hi, I already tried to complete these steps three times and it isnt building.

Could you help me?

Error:

make: *** [prim_proj.elf] Error 1Done executing task RunCompilerTask FAILED.Done building target CoreBuild in project prim_proj.cppproj FAILED.Done building project prim_proj.cppproj FAILED.

Build FAILED.Build: 0 succeeded or up-to-date, 1 failed, 0 skipped


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Error 1 simply means that another program called by Make during the build experienced an error. In this case, thatusually means a gcc error, but not always. If you have other details you can post, it would be helpful for diagnosis. Moreinfo here: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Error-Messages

Wil Bon December 26, 2012 at 10:50 pm said:

Found this tutorial super-useful, thanks so much! I actually tried to get this up and running in Eclipse first, but ran into problemafter problem using the guidelines currently on the Arduino site. You should write their tutorial too, your writing style is a lot

clearer

EngBlazeon December 30, 2012 at 3:24 pm said:

Thanks Wil! Glad you found it useful. We try to post our articles to the community area of the Arduino site, butsometimes theyre a bit hidden compared to the regular documentation there. Well see if we cant lobby them to feature

us more often

michaon January 1, 2013 at 3:47 pm said:

What about libcore.a?? there is only 16 MHz, how to change it? get a new core.a?how to compile all with makefile and change the options what you want by self?

EngBlazeon January 5, 2013 at 11:17 am said:

Hi Michal Yes, using this method, you have to recompile libcore.a for each different processor that you plan on using.We know this isnt ideal, however, getting Atmel Studio to compile the core libraries for each build takes much longerand can also be finicky to set up. Were looking into a smoother way of doing it in the future.

ridgelifton January 9, 2013 at 12:02 am said:

Works great! Thanks!

One possible addition at the end of step 1 in the Compiler and Linker Setup section:

Select All Configurations from the Configuration: drop down list to modify both release and debug configurations at the sametime.

From past path headaches, I also unchecked Relative Path and entered the absolute paths to the Arduino libraries.

Your site is now in my bookmarks for AVRs!


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Thanks ridgelift, great to hear you found it useful! The tip is much appreciated, well make sure that gets included.


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