Turning waste into value: A circular economy approach to ... · environmental impacts Potential...

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Turning waste into value: A circular economy approach to climate change mitigation Dr Naomi Braithwaite 4 December 2015

Transcript of Turning waste into value: A circular economy approach to ... · environmental impacts Potential...

Page 1: Turning waste into value: A circular economy approach to ... · environmental impacts Potential benefits of moving to a circular economy. Initial pitfalls of the circular economy:

Turning waste into value:A circular economy approach to 

climate change mitigation

Dr Naomi Braithwaite

4 December 2015

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A circular economy seeks to rebuild capital, whether this is financial, manufactured, human, social or natural.

(Ellen MacArthur Foundation)

By design, its two distinct material flows are safe and regenerative: biological materials are designed to be returned to nature, technical materials are designed for perpetual cycles of use by industry. (The Guardian, 2014)

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• Boosting recycling and preventing the loss of valuable materials

• Creating jobs and economic growth  (100,000 new jobs in 5 years)

• Showing how new business models, eco‐design and industrial symbiosis can move us towards zero‐waste

• Reducing greenhouse emissions and environmental impacts

Potential benefits of moving to a circular economy

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Initial pitfalls of the circular economy:

•Main focus was on recycling and remanufacturing, which have energy impacts through transportation, reprocessing and subsequent manufacturing, and that in practice it is impossible to have a complete circular system in which there is no use of virgin materials and no final waste.

•The focus is shifting to include strategies for more efficient use of products.

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‘In circular economy terms, maintaining the first life use of a product is, in principle, the best approach to closing resource loops.’

Ricardo‐AEA (2015) The Durability of Products: Full  Report

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Product longevity and the circular economy

Strategies to optimise product lifetimes:

• Reuse, Repair, Upcycle

Strategies to set in place a restorative economy:

• Dematerialising products through services: PSS and sharing, leasing, renting, borrowing schemes. 

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Embodied carbon and climate change

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Washing machines use five of the most impactful materials corresponding to 270kg of Co2e embodied emissions. This is without considering the emissions caused during use.

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The circular economy and climate change mitigation

Decoupling economic growth from resource consumption

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Key messages from Closing the Loop Stakeholder Conference, Brussels, 25 June 2015

Existing EU instruments (e.g. Energy Labelling, Eco Design) should address durability  

Repair should  be facilitated via access to spare parts, repair services, repair information and manuals, promotion of local initiatives

Demand for mandatory information on lifespan of products and longer guarantees to drive durability of products

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Closing the loop – An EU action plan for the Circular Economy

‘The choices made by millions of consumers can support orhamper the circular economy’.

(European Commission, 2015)

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Choices:

• Access to information

• Range of existing products

• Durability and ease of repair

• Regulatory framework

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Innovative forms of consumption

Collaborative economy, sharing economy or collaborative consumption…

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Product Service Systems

Rolls Royce 

Power by the hour

In‐use monitoring, service,  repair, remanufacture and replacement

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Proposed leasing model

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Optimising product lifetimes: an industry seminar

Barriers towards leasing:

Costs 

Consumer attitudes

Current market and economic system

Lack of investment and operational capital

Uncertainty

Complexity of supply chain 

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Energy labelling an effective measure

•Despite the fact that most environmental impacts of a washing machine are during use, energy efficiency ratings have reduced these impacts

•Energy efficiency has led to a change in laundering practices and an increase in sales of energy efficient appliances

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Research into the feasibility of durability labelling

Consumer perceptions of durability are subjective, fluid, influenced by brand, based on perceptions of quality.

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The feasibility of durability labelling

•Manufacturers’ standard guarantees are a mark of reliability and may link to durability•Little interest in extending guarantees or repair•Expected years of life would be an indication of durability

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Understanding consumer attitudes and behaviours

• Towards product lifetimes

• Price v. quality

• Repair/maintenance

• Second hand markets