Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”

1

Present By: Dr. David Wai Yin Leung

Company: Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd.

Position: Technical Director

Date: 29th January, 2015

BEC Leadership Networking Series 29th January 2015 (Thursday) – 6:30pm to 8:30pm

Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel” Complete Fuel Combustion: 2 C16H34(Fuel) + 49 O2 → 32 CO2 + 34 H2O + Heat

• Most Efficient

• Ideal, but unrealistic

Incomplete Fuel Combustion: 2 C16H34(Fuel) + Air (20.8% O2) → C + CO + CO2 + H2O + Heat

• Waste of Fuel

• Reality

Engine’ incomplete combustion leads some major pollutants:

• Carbon particulate

• CO

• NOx (Mainly NO and NO2)

• Smog (VOCs + CO + NOx + Sunlight)

2

• Add O2 content into the fuel

• Add Lubricant(s) into the fuel

• Take away H2O content in the fuel

3

General Methods to Improve Combustion

Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”

Bacteria in water droplet suspending in Diesel (Courtesy : “purefueltechnologies.com”)

• Save Diesel Fuel

• Reduce Particulate Matter

• Reduce NOx Emission

• Reduce CO Emission

• Reduce Exhaust Emission

Purposes of Developing the After-Market-Diesel Additive (Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”)

4

Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”

What Can Be Done?

How To Do It?

Where?

5

Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel”

Understanding the Combustion Mechanism inside the Diesel Internal Combustion Engine

6

7

“How It Works”

Addition of “Diesel Additive” into diesel, with ratio of 1 : 1000

“How It Works”

8

Reference: 1. Ivanov V.M., and Nefedov P.I., NASA Technical Transit, TIF-258, 1965 2. C.-Y. Lin and K.-H. Wang, Effects of a Combustion Improver on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics when Using Three-Phase Emulsions as an Alternative Fuel, Energy & Fuels, vol.18, pp. 477–484, 2004.

“How It Works”

Micro-Explosions Occur Inside the Atomized Diesel Droplet • Forms " Nano-Grade" particle (10-100nm) in the diesel fuel

• Above 250oC, superheating causes Micro-Explosion (Secondary Atomization)

• Further fragmentation into finer fragments

• Diesel is, then, burned more effectively.

Benefits: • Ensure Complete Combustion inside the Combustion Chamber

• Lowering Combustion Chamber Temperature, reducing NOx

9

Courtesy: fueliachemicals.com Conventional Diesel Combustion Plume

“Where” • Research & Development

• Production

• Marketing

• Maintenance, Service & Monitoring Activities

Taking place in Hong Kong 10

Case Sharing

11

One of the sub-contractors (at H.I.T.) participated in our Diesel Additive Program, 7 trucks were deployed to monitor their CO emission. Of which, one vehicle (#86) used 油霸TM Masterbatch brand and another (#38) used a different brand, the other 5 vehicles did not use any additive, as control references.

Hong Kong

Remark: 1. The value of “ ? ” indicates the relative diesel consumption rate. Lesser the figure means better fuel

efficiency. 2. Determination of CO, using Summit-708 Flue Gas Analyzer, was reference to ASTM D6522 (Standard Test

Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, & Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, & Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers).

12

Hong Kong A Hong Kong based Construction Firm participated in our Diesel Additive Program. A diesel Gen. Set was used to assess the 2 correlation tests, i.e. (1). with “diesel fuel” as control; (2). test was conducted similar to (1), but with added “Diesel Additive” in diesel with ratio of 1:1000. Resultant data were as below:

13

In Southern China region, the recorded diesel efficiency were measured at between 14 – 18%

Coach currently using our “Diesel Additive”

Company’s Registration Plate Driver’s ID

Coaches’ diesel consumptions were usually measured at between 220 to 223 liters per trip.

For coaches, which using Diesel Additive, their diesel consumption were found to be in the range of 180 to 188 liters per trip.

Guangdong

Ad-Hoc Issues

The HKSAR’s Chief Executive, Mr. C.Y. Leung stated his 2015 Policy Address on “Air Quality”:

• Ocean-going vessels at berth in HK to switch to low-sulphur diesel

• Set up low emission zones in Causeway Bay, Central & Mong Kok at the end of 2015

• Franchised bus companies can only deploy low-emission buses

• Working with Guangdong authorities, requiring ocean-going vessels in Pearl River Delta to switch to cleaner fuel

• Non-road Mobile Machinery, i.e. generators & excavators to comply with statutory emission standards (EU Stage IIIA), tentative effective date would be, 1 April 2015

14

The content of this part of the Presentation was compiled and edited by, Dr. David Wai Yin Leung of Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd., for the purpose of this section titled『 Turning Diesel into “Greener Fuel” 』at 6:30pm, on 29th January 2015.

Please contact David Leung, for further details:

davidleung@stfinechem.com

15

16

Thank You

Let’s join hands to reduce Carbon Footprint & builds a better future for our children…