TURKISH WIND ATLAS

TURKISH STATEMETEOROLOGICAL

SERVICE

TURKISH WIND ATLAS

Cihan DUNDAR & Nezihe AKGUN, State Meteorological Service

Mustafa CANBAZ & Gurkan URAL, General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration

There have been several methods for the estimation of wind potentials.Turkish Wind Atlas was prepared by using WAsP (Wind Atlas Analysis andApplication Program) model used for European Wind Atlas. In this study,onsite surveys have been done for 96 meteorological stations, distributedhomogeneously over Turkey, and 45 of these stations were used for thepreparation of the Atlas. Turkish Wind Atlas was prepared and published byState Meteorological Services and Electrical Power Resources Survey andDevelopment Administration in 2002.

Calculation of Wind Potentials with WAsP

WAsP model requires 4 different parameters for the calculation of windresources. These parameters are;

i. hourly wind data, ii. roughness of the terrain,

iii. obstacle information, iv. topography of the region.

This model has some sub-models for the calculation of the environmental effectson observed wind data such as the effects of obstacles, roughness andorography.

Data Wind data used in this study were measured hourly at the StateMeteorological Observation Stations between the years 1989 and 1998.These measurements have been obtained at 10 m above ground level. Thedata measured at different height are extrapolated to 10 m by WAsP. The obstacles around the measurement point were defined by onsitesurveys for all stations. The orography and the roughness information for theselected regions were obtained by using topographical maps.

Meteorological stations used in Turkish Wind Atlas

Afyon Bursa Etimesgut Kozan Samsun

Ağrı Cihanbeyli Gönen Kuşadası Seydişehir

Akçaabat Çanakkale Güney Malatya Siirt

Akçakoca Çorum Iğdır Mardin Silifke

Amasra Dalaman İpsala Muş Sinop

Ardahan Diyarbakır Kangal Ordu Siverek

Bandırma Elazığ Karapınar Pazar Suşehri

Bergama Erzincan Karataş Pınarbaşı Şile

Bozcaada Erzurum Kayseri Polatlı Van

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS

Calculations were made by using WAsP program and also by the appropriate computer programs. The results of the calculations consist of three pages for each station. In this brochure, some results of Gönen station is shown as a sample. The station description and the raw data summary are shown at the first page of the results. Name of the station, geographical and UTM coordinates and altitude of the station are defined at the upper part of page. Raw wind data description, daily and annual variation of wind speed and the variation of wind speed in the measurement period are illustrated in the tables in that page. The second page of the results consists of the estimated wind atlas tables. The wind atlas tables show the calculated Weibull A and k parameters for 12 sectors, 5 heights and 4 roughness classes. In addition, the sectorwise distribution of wind speed is given in per cent for each roughness class. The Weibull A parameter is given in m/s. The last table in the bottom of this page includes the estimated mean wind speed and mean power. This table illustrates the calculated mean wind speed (m/s) and the mean power of the wind (W/m2) for each of the five standard heights and four roughness classes. These results are calculated by using the Weibull parameters of the wind atlas tables. The third page of the statistics includes the graphical presentation of wind data. The first part states the name of the meteorological station, height of anemograf from ground level, the mean wind speed, standard deviation and the mean value of the cubes of the measured wind speeds. The mean year, the mean days, the time series graphs and the wind rose are showed at that page.

CONCLUSION According to the classification done by European Wind Energy Association(EWEA), the wind categories are indicated below (Garrad, 1991):

fairly good (6.5 m/s, ≈ 300 – 400 W/m2) good (7.5 m/s, ≈ 500 – 600 W/m2) very good (8.5 m/s, ≈ 700 – 800 W/m2)

Another classification done based on the wind energy densities is as(Ambrosini et al., 1992);

fair (P, W/m2 < 100) fairly good (100 ≤ P, W/m2 < 300) good (300 ≤ P, W/m2 < 700) very good (P, W/m2 ≥ 700)

Since the hub heights of wind turbines are generally between 45-50 m, thereare many suitable sites especially in coastal areas of Turkey for electricityproduction from wind energy.

TURKISH WIND ATLAS

Gönen

40° 06' 53'' N 27° 38' 35'' E UTM E 554805 m N 4440760 m h : 37 m Table 1. Sectorwise distribution of the raw wind data.

Height of anemograf : 10 m Period : 01011989 – 31121998

Sect. Freq. <1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 13 15 17 >17 A k 0 12.3 169 191 179 168 134 92 43 16 5 1 0 0 0 0 3.4 1.81

30 24.1 158 191 159 151 139 111 61 23 5 1 0 0 0 0 3.7 1.85 60 6.8 222 236 167 134 104 79 39 12 4 2 0 0 0 0 3.0 1.52 90 2.2 339 317 145 75 55 42 20 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9 1.14

120 3.5 496 319 111 47 20 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 1.28 150 3.4 568 259 62 35 28 20 13 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.86 180 6.5 507 236 75 61 44 37 23 9 6 3 0 0 0 0 1.5 0.90 210 17.6 465 207 79 65 59 49 32 18 11 10 4 1 0 0 1.8 0.88 240 4.4 528 171 89 75 61 35 23 12 4 2 1 0 0 0 1.6 0.95 270 1.9 665 139 62 59 29 22 15 3 4 3 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.77 300 7.6 512 189 110 78 56 34 15 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 1.6 1.03 330 9.7 234 234 177 142 110 62 28 9 3 1 0 0 0 0 2.9 1.54

Total 100.0 330 211 130 110 91 67 36 14 5 3 1 0 0 0 2.6 1.27 Table 2. Monthly mean wind speeds in the measurement period.

Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean 1989 2.3 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.6 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 1990 1.9 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 3.2 3.4 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.6 2.3 1991 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.7 2.0 3.2 2.2 1992 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.8 2.5 1993 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.7 1.7 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.5 1994 2.2 2.7 3.2 2.5 1.9 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.4 1995 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.8 1.8 3.2 2.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.6 1996 2.3 2.9 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.8 2.4 1997 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.3 2.6 2.3 1998 1.6 2.0 2.8 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.2

Mean 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.4

Table 3. Estimated mean wind speed (m/s) and the mean power of the wind (W/m2) for the five standard heights.

Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 z (m) m/s W/m2 m/s W/m2 m/s W/m2 m/s W/m2

10 5.9 381 4.2 163 3.6 108 2.8 52 25 6.4 481 4.9 250 4.4 183 3.7 109 50 6.8 567 5.6 330 5.1 257 4.4 170

100 7.4 723 6.5 461 6.0 361 5.3 252 200 8.0 972 7.7 816 7.2 631 6.3 428

Gönen

References Ambrosini, G., Benato, B., Garavaso, C., Botta, G., Cenerini, M., Comand, D.

and Stork, C. 1992. Wind energy potential in Emilia Romagna, Italy, J. ofWind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 39, 211-220.

Dundar C., Canbaz M., Akgun N., Ural G., 2002. “Turkish Wind Atlas”, StateMeteorological Services and Electrical Power Resources Survey andDevelopment Administration, June 2002, Ankara.

Garrad, A. 1991. Wind Energy in Europe: A plan of Action, Summary report ofWind Energy in Europe - Time for Action, The European Wind EnergyAssociation.

Mortensen, N. G., Landberg, L., Troen, I. and Petersen, E. L. 1993. Wind AtlasAnalysis and Application Program (WAsP), Vol. 1: Getting Started, RisoNational Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.

Troen, I. and Petersen, E. L. 1989. European Wind Atlas, Commission of theEuropean Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Brussels,Belgium.

<< http://www.ewea.org>> << http://www.neg-micon.dk>>

TURKISH STATEMETEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

P.O. Box 401 Ankara - TURKEYTel : + 90.312.359 75 45 Fax : + 90.312.359 34 30

www.meteor.gov.tr