Design and development of 40W Run-off river generator

Group membersJawad Muhammad 12-ee(p)-026Mehboob Ahmed 12-ee(p)-036Misbah ur Rahman 12-ee(p)-039Tauheed Hayat 12-ee(p)-089Tamoor Hassan 12-ee(p)-087

Table of contentsObjectiveIntroductionComponentsFlow chartWorking procedureMethods of couplingPower calculationsConclusion

ObjectiveGeneration from 50 to 100 watt is the main

consideration of our project as we are dealing with run off river directly.

In such cases, the flow of water is not constant .

The output power will vary with flow of water.

Introduction Literature study

We are working on run off river and no storage is required in this.

It do not have any adverse effect on the environment as large hydro power have.

TYPES OF RUNOFF RIVER PLANT:Runoff River plants are of two types:1) Runoff River plant without pondage.2) Runoff River plant with pondage.

Our study related to projectThis project may work at the site where we

are easily available with run off river having some velocity.

This must be provided with a flow rate or discharge.

No transformer being used in this.

Introduction What is Hydropower?

Hydropower transforms the potential energy of a mass of water flowing in a river or steam with a certain vertical fall(terms as head).

Hydropower is most commonly used because it is the cheapest source of energy.

Types of HydropowerAccording to the headLow headHigh headMedium headAs we are dealing with low head, we use river

current flow to produce energy.In low head we do not need any dam or retain

water to create a head.

Types according to facility availableStorage typeRun-of –river typeWe are working on Run of river type so whole

concentration on it.These are hydro power plants that utilize the

steam flow as it comes, without any storage being provided.

Advantages of run off riverEnvironmental friendlyLow generation costEasily availableDisadvantages:High initial costVarying water flow

Components The components used in our run-off river

hydropower project are as under:• Alternator• Pulley• Cross-flow turbine• Belt and gear• Digital Multi meter• Thread Rod• Water guard• Main frame

Schematic diagram

TurbineTurbine is rotating part which produce

mechanical energy when water strikes the blades of turbine.

TypesImpulseReactionWe are using type of impulse turbine named

as cross flow turbine.

AlternatorCovert mechanical to electrical.Ratting of alternatorPower 500w-1000wRPM=1500

Thread rodUsed to control the position of turbine in case

the flow of water changes.This is done manually by rotating the thread

rod.In case the water level increases, the turbine

is move slightly above and vice versa.

Water guardUsed to protect the alternator from the fall of

water.

Main frame:This is the holding structure used to support

the alternator, turbine,pulleys.

Flow chart

Normal water flow of river

Water rotates the runner of

turbine

Runner rotates the shaft of

turbine

Generator connected

with shaft by belt pulley

Generates power

Procedure1. Blades of turbine are moved with the help of

water flow2. The rotating turbine rotates the pulley with

the belt3. The moving belt rotates the alternator,

resulting in the generation of electricity4. The electricity generation is measured by

DMM attached or by connectting load.5. The water guard protects the turbine

Simulation

Working of turbine without using governorIn this project the governor is not use to

control the speed of turbine.We are using thread rod to change the

position of turbine according to change in flow.

This will done manually by rotating the thread rod,in case the flow vary.

Simulation

Methods of Coupling There are three ways to couple Alternator

with Turbine, which include,Through BeltThrough ChainThrough Gear

Advantages and Disadvantages of coupling through belt

ADVANTAGES:1. Cheap to use

DISADVANTAGES:2. Excess flow of water causes the belt to slip,

so proper working isn’t possible. 3. Provides less RPM because more frictional

force .

Advantages and Disadvantages of coupling through Chain & Gear

ADVANTAGES:1. More grip provided by using both2. More stable system3. greater RPM produced due to less friction

as compared to belt

DISADVANTAGES:4. More expensive as compared to belt type

Power calculationsPower= ηρgQHρ= 1000g/cm^3 Head =1.Flow=30liter/sec.Efficiency=0.60G=9.81m/sec^2P=0.60*1000*9.81*0.03*1P=176.58watt.

Conclusion• We can get the required output power by

doing the same work as mentioned above. • The output of the project can be verified by

connecting load at site or by connecting DMM .

• The respective study related to project has been done.

• Further hardware work is to be performed now in this semester.

thankyou