Tugas Pak Sangga

Nama : Rizni WahyuniNIM : 1204107010046Jurusan : Teknik GeofsikaNama-nama Batu MuliaDiamond(Berlian,Intan)

Chemical Formula:C - Crystallized carbon

Crystal Structure:Cubic (or isometric)

Colors:Colorless, yellow, brown; rarely green, blue, red, orange, gray, black

Hardness:10 on the Mohs scale

Refractive Index:2.417 to 2.419

Density:3.50 to 3.53

Cleavage:Perfect

Transparency:Transparent to opaque

Double Refraction or Birefringence:None

Luster:Adamantine - diamond luster

Fluorescence:Variable

Ruby(Merah Delima)hemical Formula:Al2O3, Aluminium oxide

Crystal Structure:Trigonal, hexagonal prisms or tables, rhombohedrons

Colour:Various reds


Refractive Index:1.762 - 1.778

Density:3.97 - 4.05

Cleavage:None


Double Refraction or Birefringence:-0.008

Lustre:Vitreous to silky

Fluorescence:Strong: carmine red

Sapphire(Safir)Chemical Formula:Al2O3, Aluminum oxide

Crystal Structure:(Trigonal), double pointed, barrel-shaped, hexagonal pyramids, tabloid shaped

Color:Blue, colorless, pink, orange, yellow, green, purple, black

Hardness:9.00 on the Mohs scale


Density:3.95 to 4.03

Cleavage:None


Double Refraction or Birefringence:0.008

Luster:Vitreous

Fluorescence:Blue: none; colorless: orange-yellow, violet

Star Ruby

ClassificationMineral

SpeciesCorundum

Chemical CompositionAluminium oxide with chromium, Al2O3::Cr

Mohs Scale Hardness9.0 (Second Hardest after Diamond)

ColourVarying Red

General ClaritySemi-Transparent to Opaque

Refractive Index1.762-1.778

Specific Gravity3.97 to 4.05

Birefringence-0.008

Colour of StreakWhite

Absorption Spectrum694, 693, 668, 659, 610-500, 476, 475, 468

ToughnessExcellent

Star Sapphire

Chemical Formula:Al2O3 Aluminum oxide

Crystal Structure:(Trigonal) doubly pointy, barrel-shaped, hexagonal pyramids, tabloid-shaped

Color:Blue in various tones, pink, yellow, green, lavender, gray, black


Refractive Index:1.762 to 1.778

Density:3.95 to 4.03 g/cm

Cleavage:None

Transparency:Transparent, translucent, opaque

Double Refraction or Birefringence:-0.008

Luster:Vitreous, silky

Fluorescence:Blue: none; colorless: orange-yellow, violet

Star shapphir

AlexandriteFormula:BeAl2O4Color:Green/blue daylight and fluorescent lightLuster:VitreousHardness:8.5 on the Mohss scaleDensitas : 3.7-3.78 g/cm

Emerald(Zamrud) Emerald chemical composition:Be3Al2(SiO3)6 Class:cyclosilicates Crystal system:hexagonal; 6/m2/m2/m Crystal habit:typically small elongate first order prisms, often with vertical striations and irregular pinacoidal terminations Specific gravity:2.67 - 2.78 Index of refraction:1.566 - 1.602 Birefringence:0.005 - 0.008 Pleochroism:distinct, blue-green/yellow-green Hardness:7.5 - 8.0 Color:deep green, can have slightly yellowish or blueish tones Luster:vitreous Transparency:translucent to opaque, very rarely transparent Cleavage:poor basal cleavage is seldom visible on {0001} Fracture:conchoidal producing smooth brilliant surfaces, brittle Streak:white

Jadeite atau giok ChemistrySilicate - pyroxene.

ColorUsually various shades of white to dark green, sometimes gray, pink, lilac, red, blue, yellow, orange, black, colored by impurities.

StreakColorless.

LusterVitreous to sugary.

DiaphaneityTranslucent to opaue.

CleavageUsually not seen because of a small grain size and splintery fracture.

Mohs Hardness6.5 to 7

Specific Gravity3.3 to 3.5

Diagnostic PropertiesColor, toughness, hardness, specific gravity, grain size and habit.

Chemical FormulaNaAlSi2O6or Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6

Crystal SystemMonoclinic.

UsesJewelry, ornaments, tools, weapons, gemstones.

Amber / AmbarChemical Formula:C10H16,0 (approximate)

Crystal Structure:Amorphous

Color:Yellow, brown, orange, red and others

Hardness:2 - 2.5 on the Mohs scale


Density:1.05 - 1.09 (approximate)

Cleavage:None


Double Refraction / Birefringence:None

Luster:Resinous

Fluorescence:Bluish white - yellow green

Tabel Karakteristik fisik batu mulia

Tugas Pak Sangga

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