TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT IN

SHOPPING STREET SEGMENTS

Aloys Borgers, Inger Smeets,Astrid Kemperman, Harry Timmermans

Urban Planning GroupEindhoven University of Technology

The Netherlands

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Models of pedestrian behavior• Regression Analysis• Space Syntax• From entry to shop …. to shop …. to

exit • Microscopic models (Cellular

Automata, Multi-Agent Systems, ….)• Etc…

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Space Syntax models

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From origin to destination (Borgers & Timmermans, ‘80s)

Exit

Start

3

1

2

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From link to link (Borgers & Timmermans, ‘00s)

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Microscopic

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Purpose: Modeling pedestrian behavior in shopping street segments

shops

shops

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Shopping street segment

Entry

Exit

shops

shops

Entry

Exit

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Network

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Shopping street segment + network

shops

shops

Entry

ExitEntry

Exit

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Representing routes shops

shops

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Modeling pedestrian behavior

Main principle: from current link to adjacent link

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Main attraction of exits

Entry

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Secondary attraction of exits

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Main attraction of shops

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Secondary attraction of shops

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Attraction of zones

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Walking on the right side

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Stop in shop

X

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Modeling choice of link

Pℓ = exp(Vℓ) / ∑ ℓ’ exp(Vℓ’)

Pℓ probability link ℓ will be chosen from all adjacent links

Vℓ utility of link ℓVℓ = ∑k Xℓk

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

X-variables

• Type of link:• In transfer zone• In center zone• walk on right-hand side

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

X-variables

• Attraction of exits (primary and secondary)

• Attraction of shops (primary and secondary)• fashion• shoes• department stores• fast food / drinks• books• electronics

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X-variables

• Stop in shop:• branch specific constants• branch specific floor space

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Data collection

• One week workshop in July 2004• Antwerp’s main shopping street • Students

• Observed physical characteristics• Counted pedestrians• Tracked pedestrians

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

De Meir: Antwerp’s Main shopping street

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

De Meir: Antwerp’s Main shopping street

Segment B Segment A

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Segment A

Clothing

Shoes

Fast Food

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Segment B

Clothing

Shoes

Dept Store

Books

Electronics

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Tracking pedestrians

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Estimation of parameters

• Number of tracked pedestrians:• Segment A: 157• Segment B: 176

• Estimation: Limdep

• Rho-square: 0.73

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Attraction of exits: segment A

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Attraction of exits: segment B

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Attraction of zones

0.0

-3.2

-0.4

-3.2

0.0

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Attraction of walking on the right side

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Attraction of shops

primary secondary

Clothing ++ -Shoes ++ - - Dept Store + - -Fast Food - - - - - - - - - -Books +Electronics ++

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Stop in shops

constant floor space

Clothing + +Shoes +Dept Store +Fast Food

Books +Electronics +

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Simulation• Start from observed starting position• 50 times per route

• Mean absolute difference per link per simulation: • Segment A 3.20• Segment B 4.06

• Mean route length: Observed Simulated • Segment A 110 m 105 m • Segment B 90 m 79 m

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Segment A

Observed

Simulated

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Segment B

Observed

Simulated

TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology – Urban Planning Group

Conclusions & Recommendations• Link to link approach• Model performs pretty good

• Extend model• Use complete shopping trips• Include effect of having visited a shop on

same type of shops • Replicate

• Other street segments• Other shopping areas• Other conditions