TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the...

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Page 1: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

TUDORS AND TUDORS AND STUARTSSTUARTS

TUDORS AND TUDORS AND STUARTSSTUARTS

AP Review IIAP Review IIAP Review IIAP Review II

Page 2: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Henry VIIHenry VII Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the

War of the Roses He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures

and expanded the wool trade to Europe Improved tax collection Avoided costly foreign wars Had two sons: Arthur and Henry

Page 3: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Prince ArthurPrince Arthur Older brother to Henry VIII Married Catherine of Aragon He dies in 1502, just six months after his

marriage to Catherine

Page 4: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Not quite 18 when his father died

Handsome, intelligent, lively, rich

Renaissance man Assertio Septem

Sacramentorum Defender of the faith

Page 5: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Not interested in statecraft but war (the sport of kings)

Empson and Dudley - executed Huge differences between him and his father Valois kings of France:

Louis XII (1498-1515) Francis I (1515-47) Hapsburgs of Spain:

Charles V HRE (1515-56)

Page 6: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1511 Papacy, Spain, and Venice formed the Holy League - invited Henry - who attacked France

1512 Henry invades France but disastrous 1513 Henry invades again - wins Battle of the Spurs and gets

Tournai Scots sign “Auld Alliance” with France English defeat the Scots at Flodden Field, King James IV is

killed James V is the new king, Queen Margaret (Henry’s sister) is

regent for the boy

Page 7: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Henry decides to make peace with France His sister Mary marries Louis (52) who dies a year later 1520 Spain and France are back at war Henry meets Francis at the Field of the Cloth of Gold 1522 Henry allies with Spain against France Charles V defeats Francis at Pavia in Italy in 1525 and

controls the pope

Page 8: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Thomas WolseyThomas Wolsey Vain, arrogant, and corrupt -

continually accepted bribes - second richest man in England

Page 9: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1527 Henry is concerned with the validity of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Leviticus declared a man who married his brother’s wife would be childless

Henry had been 18, Catherine 24 but only one surviving child - Mary

Page 10: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Henry worries about succession and has an illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond

Between 1525-7 Henry falls for Anne Boleyn - Catherine is 40

Henry asks Pope Clement VII for an annullment

Page 11: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Dispensations for monarchs were common but Clement has 4 problems:a) Charles V (Rome)b) Charles and Catherine are related (nephew)c) Papal infallibility (Julius II)d) Lutheranism

Wolsey fails the king and dies in disgrace

Page 12: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Clergy in Tudor England were not really respected Resented by the people and the lower clergy Resentment increased when money went to Rome Earlier breaks had been avoided:

a) criticism of the papacy was political not religiousb) 14th century kings had been treated well by the pope

Page 13: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Henry regarded the church as a barrier to good government

Clergy could demand to be tried by a court of clergy

1529 Henry summoned Parliament Initially, Henry hoped to scare the pope

Page 14: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Late 1532 Catherine was moved from Whitehall and Anne put in her place

Anne became pregnant 1533 Henry and Anne

were secretly married

Page 15: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1533 - Act in Restraint of Appeals - king sovereign in England, no more appeals to the pope

1534 - Act for the Submission of the Clergy - Henry was supreme head of the clergy and the Church in England

Ended the independence of the clergy

Page 16: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1534 - Act of Supremacy acknowledged the king as supreme head of the English Church on earth

An Act of Succession declared the throne should go to the children of the king and Anne

Page 17: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Sir Thomas More was executed for not taking the oath In 1536 Henry dissolved the small monasteries 1539 the dissolved the rest Transition to Protestantism was easy with no Catholic

strongholds to protest The people accepted these changes surprisingly well 1536 - Pilgrimage of Grace amounted to little

Page 18: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The people were hostile to Rome and the dogma remained basically the same

1539 - Six Articles defined the dogma of the new church but, largely Catholic

Henry had created an absolute system of rule but had also ensured the end of absolutism

In England the king would have to work with Parliament, i.e. the House of Commons, in making legislation

Page 19: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Daughter of king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Henry divorced Catherine She still remained loyal to him and the

Catholic faith

Maid of honor to Catherine Secretly married In 1536, charged Anne of adultery Beheaded on May 19, 1536

Page 20: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Jane SeymourJane Seymour Died shortly after giving

birth to his son King Edward VI

“Flander’s mare” Cromwell was disgraced

and executed Marriage annulled

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves

Page 21: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Catherine HowardCatherine Howard In 1542, convicted

of adultery Henry had her

executed

Brought order and unity to the disturbed family

Outlived Henry

Catherine ParrCatherine Parr

Page 22: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Catherine of Aragon: divorced: Mary Anne Bolyn: beheaded: Elizabeth Jane Seymour: died: Edward Anne of Cleves: divorced: ugly Catherine Howard: beheaded Catherine Parr: survived

Page 23: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Edward VIEdward VI Only son of Henry Became king at nine 1549- Cranmer introduces

the Book of Common Prayer for all services

Died from several sicknesses in 1553

Page 24: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Mary TudorMary Tudor Became queen after Edward

died Devoted Catholic Nicknamed “Bloody Mary” Married Philip II of Spain

she was 38 he was 27 Very unpopular 1554 Wyatt Rebellion -failed

Page 25: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

ElizabethElizabeth Became queen of England in

1558 Highly educated Used her authority for the

common good of her people “Virgin Queen” 1563 Thirty-nine Articles -

basic tenets of the Church 1588 - Armada

Hulton-Deutsch CollectionHulton-Deutsch Collection

Page 26: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Philip II (r 1556-1598)Philip II (r 1556-1598)Philip II (r 1556-1598)Philip II (r 1556-1598) Son of Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor‘universal monarch’

Given controlof the westernHapsburg empire

1580 united the peninsula by addingPortugal

Hardworking

Page 27: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Cautious, Suspicious Catholic Married Mary I, his cousin El Escorial Outlived 4 wives

Page 28: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The Problems for SpainThe Problems for Spain

Page 29: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Habsburg Empire 1560Habsburg Empire 1560Habsburg Empire 1560Habsburg Empire 1560

Page 30: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

By 1560, Calvinism was a strong, militant minority in most of the cities in the Netherlands.

Lutheranism had posed no serious threat to Spanish rule.

Calvinism is what worried the Spaniards.

Page 31: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The Netherlands were slit up into seventeen provinces under Spanish rule.

These provinces possessed a large middle-class population.

Page 32: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Calvinism appealed to the middle classes with an emphasis on any form of labor well done.

It took deep root among financiers in Amsterdam and people in the northern provinces.

Working-class people were also converted, partly because their employers would hire only other Calvinists.

Page 33: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

In 1559 Philip II appointed his half-sister, Margaret as regent of the Netherlands.

She pushed Philip’s orders to wipe out Protestantism.

She introduced the Inquisition.

Page 34: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles V had steadily increased taxes in the Low Countries

When Margaret raised taxes even more, fanatical Calvinists, mostly from the poor class, went on a rampage.

Page 35: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

On March 3, 1568, fifteen hundred men were executed

Even Margaret was sickened and resigned For 10 years, civil war raged in the

Netherlands between Catholics and Protestants and between the seventeen provinces and Spain

In 1576, the 17 provinces united under the leadership of Prince William of Orange

Page 36: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Philip II then sent his nephew, Alexander Farnese, duke of Parma, to make the revolt come to an end.

Farnese arrived with an army of German mercenaries, a great knowledge of the geography, and a perfect plan

Page 37: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Many cities in the south fell, including Bruges and Ghent

And finally Antwerp fell, the financial capital of northern Europe

Page 38: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Calvinism was forbidden in these areas and Protestants had to either convert or leave

The ten southern provinces remained under the control of the Spanish Habsburgs

The seven northern provinces were led by Holland and formed the Union of Utrecht

Page 39: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

In 1581 the provinces declared their independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

Philip II considered himself the international defender of Catholicism and did not want these provinces to become independent.

Page 40: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

England had allied with the new seven provinces because if they were defeated, they knew that they would be next

Elizabeth put £250,000 and 2,000 troops into the Low Countries.

Page 41: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Philip prepared his vast fleet of ships to sail from Lisbon to Flanders, fight off Elizabeth’s navy if necessary, and escort his barges across the English Channel.

Page 42: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

‘la felicissima armada’‘la felicissima armada’ In 1588 an armada of

150 ships was constructed.

Most of the ships were Spanish but some were from Portugal and Naples.

It was the largest fleet ever seen in Europe.

Page 43: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Once the armada joined forces with the Duke of Parma, they would invade England.

After the invasion England would be brought under Spanish Catholic rule.

Page 44: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

May 9 1588, led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, the armada arrived at English Channel and they solidified a crescent formation.

The strict formation would be hard for the English to break.

Page 45: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

However, the English had superior ships, designed by John Hawkins, that were faster and carried more weaponry.

The English intended to sail around the armada and destroy any stragglers.

Page 46: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The armada pushed forward and anchored at Calais.

That night the English sent in fire ships to scatter the armada.

Page 47: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The aid expected from the Duke of Parma never arrived.

Without any support the armada was forced to spend too much time in the Channel.

It was not the English that defeated the Spanish but a violent storm.

The Spanish couldn’t find any safe harbors and many men starved as the wrecked ships limped back to Spain

Page 48: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

This defeat prevented Philip II from re-imposing unity on western Europe

England was never conquered and the Netherlands borders remained the same

Page 49: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

StuartsStuarts

1603-17141603-1714

Page 50: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

CONSTITUTIONALISMCONSTITUTIONALISM

France, Prussia, Russia - absolute states England, Holland - constitutional states Constitutionalism is limiting the govt. by law

(may be written or unwritten) May be monarchies or Republics This is not democratic (no franchise for all) Yet England would experience the last of the great

Religious Wars

Page 51: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The Cromwell sandwich:James I, Charles I, Cromwell, Charles II, James II

After Elizabeth died in 1603 she was succeeded by James I, who was also king of Scotland.

Henry VII’s daughter, Margaret Tudor married James IV of ScotlandI

James VI

Mary, Queen of Scotsm. Lord Darnley

IJames VI

Page 52: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1603 James I (Stuart) replaced Elizabeth (Tudor)

Believed he was only responsible to God and had control over everything which conflicted with the principle of due process

Wrote The True Law of Free Monarchy wanted freedom from government, churchmen, and customs

Page 53: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

James was a divine right monarch (accountable only to God) who had forced the rough Scots to agree

James was excited about controlling a country with six times the revenue of Scotland

England was glad of a young king who had experience and was based on the European model.

Even though he was gay James also had two sons which assured the line of succession.

James looked much better than the old queen who had modeled herself on her father

Page 54: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

“wisest fool in Christendom” He could not live with the financial constraints of

Parliament House of Commons governed the royal finances The members of the Commons were better educated than

in previous govts. 1614-21 he ruled without Parliament 1618 the start of the Thirty Years’ War Frederick of Palatinate was James’s son-in-law But England was anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish

Page 55: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles I (1625-29) more insensitive than his father

Charles I (1625) tried to rule without Parliament and it almost crippled the country

Parliament didn’t trust Charles and wouldn’t give him money

George Villiers – the earl of Buckingham became more influential

Page 56: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Protestant but valued the ceremonies of Catholicism He continually demanded money from Parliament

until they refused He forced a loan and arrested 76 people who

refused to loan him money 1628 Charles still needed money so he was forced to

recall Parliament

Page 57: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Petition of Rights:a) king couldn’t borrow without consent of Parliamentb) couldn’t arrest without due process

The Stuarts tried to copy the French absolutist, but they erred when they taxed the nobility

Page 58: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Many people believed the Reformation had not gone far enough

Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic influences

Most English were Calvinists, most zealous were Puritans

James I and Charles I gave the impression of being sympathetic to Catholicism

Charles supported archbishop of Canterbury William Laud’s goal of religious uniformity

Page 59: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Laud insisted on complete uniformity with the “Court of High Commission”

Wanted to impose on the Scots:a) new Anglican prayer bookb) bishoprics

Both rejected by the Scots who rebelled Charles was forced to recall Parliament to get funds Parliament was not willing to trust the king with an army August 1640 the Scots invaded England and took

Northumberland and Durham

Page 60: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles calls Parliament but they only want to discuss religious issues

Charles disbands Parliament after 3 weeks - Short Parliament

Charles, desperate recalls Parliament Long Parliament sat from 1640-1660

Page 61: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1640 the Scots invaded northern England and captured Durham and Northumberland and held them for 850 pounds a day

Charles I tried to get another force This time he went to Parliament for

funding.

Page 62: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Parliament:a) 1641 Triennial Act - king must summon Parliament every 3 yearsb) Impeached archbishop Laudc) Abolished the Court of High Commission

Charles, fearful of an uprising, agreed 1641 the Irish Catholics also rebelled Exaggerated stories of Protestant massacres reached

London The Commons voted to raise an army and get revenge

Page 63: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles recruited army from nobility (Cavaliers) Parliament recruited an army (Roundheads) The English Civil War (1642-6) did not resolve

the problem of who would hold the power

Page 64: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

King held the initial advantage 1642 Charles marched to London to end the war At the Battle of Edgehill Charles won an expensive victory The battle was watched by Oliver Cromwell Cromwell raised his own “New Model Army” Enforcing rigid discipline and religious zeal he became the

most successful Parliamentary leader 1643 the king looked like being successful The Battle of Newbury was a draw but the king suffered

great losses

Page 65: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Parliament asked Scotland for an alliance Charles sought an alliance with the Irish 1644 the Scots entered England and marched on

the Cavalier army at York 1644 at Marston Moor the royalist were badly

defeated and their hold on the north was released 1645 at Naseby the king was finally defeated 1646 Charles surrendered to the Scots

Page 66: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

1649-1660 is the “Interregnum” or Puritan Commonwealth

Theoretically, power rested with parliament Col Pride excluded 140 Presbyterian members of

Parliament from entering and admitted only 50-60 Independents

Rump Parliament 1649 King Charles found guilty of treason 1649 the office of the king and the House of Lords

abolished

Page 67: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The army controlled Parliament, Cromwell controlled the “New Model Army”

“Protectorate” Cromwell’s rule was a military dictatorship 1653 Cromwell took control of Parliament i.e. the House of

Commons 140 Puritan leaders were appointed – this was the

Barebones Parliament Dec 1653 the Barebones

Parliament is over 1653-9 The Protectorate

Page 68: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Three groups evolved:a) Presbyterians - associated with the Church of England and Calvinb) Independents - rejected a compulsory churchc) Radical Puritansi. Fifth Monarchy - waiting for the second coming of Christii. Levellers - universal male suffrage, guarantees of popular sovereigntyiii. Diggers - agrarian communists against private property

Page 69: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Cromwell:a) divided the country into 12 military districtsb) The Instrument of Government gave religious freedom to all, except Catholicsc) crushed rebellions in Ireland – Wexford and Droghedad) enforced the Navigation Acts (English goods - English ships)which led to Anglo-Dutch Warse) welcomed Jews

The state:a) censored the pressb) forbade sportc) closed the theaters

Cromwell was an absolutist - died 1658

Page 70: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Richard Cromwell was a poor leader General Monck returned from Scotland

and recalled the Long Parliament He then forced Parliament to dissolve

itself The new Parliament of 1660 invited

Charles II to return as king

Page 71: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The Restoration - 1660The Restoration - 1660 Reestablished the monarchy - Charles II Both houses of Parliament were restored Law courts restored New Triennial Act

Failed in two areas• What was the attitude of the state towards

Puritans, Catholics, and dissenters?

• What was the relationship between king and Parliament?

Page 72: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Test Act of 1673Test Act of 1673

To enforce religious conformity those who refused to receive the sacraments of the Church of England:a) could not voteb) hold public officec) preach or teachd) attend universitye) assemble for meetings

Page 73: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

CABALCABAL

5 advisors appointed by the king, also members of Parliament:Clifford; Arlington; Buckingham; Ashley-Cooper; Lauderdale

Gave rise to ministerial responsibilities Parliament did not give Charles enough money

to rule - but acknowledged his divine right

Page 74: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

For £200,000, (742,000 total) Charles agrees to:a) relax laws against Catholicsb) re-catholicize Englandc) support France against the Dutch policiesd) convert to Catholicism

The people feared:a) a Catholic dynastyb) hated Louis XIV and absolutismc) hated Catholicism

The Commons passed a bill excluded Catholics for the throne Charles dissolved Parliament - the bill never passed

Page 75: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

Charles II was made king with the same conditions as before the civil war

1660s saw England develop mercantilist policies - especially with overseas trade

The Navigation Acts increased British trade and hurt the Dutch

1652-4 Three Anglo-Dutch Wars severely hurt the Dutch

Page 76: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles II preferred Catholicism Secretly he promised to help Louis XIV (cousin)

make England Catholic for a loan

Page 77: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles had no children so his brother James II succeeded him

James appointed Catholics to high positions - contrary to the Test Act

James suspended the law at will and England feared absolutism

Page 78: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Charles II Mary James IIm. William of Orange

Charles ICharles I

William IIIWilliam IIIMary II AnneMary II Anne

William III + MaryWilliam III + Mary

Page 79: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

He also declared religious freedom for all

Two events signaled revolutioni) seven bishops were arrested for not complying with the Declaration of Indulgenceii) James’s second wife produced a male heir

Page 80: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Wealthy English men offered the throne to James’s Protestant daughter Mary and William

Page 81: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Triumph of GovernmentTriumph of Government

The “Glorious Revolution” had very little blood and was the end of divine-right monarchy in England

William and Mary accepted the throne but recognized the supremacy of Parliament

The rights of the people were listed in the Bill of Rights

Page 82: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights Laws were made by parliament and could not be

suspended by the Crown Parliament had to be called at least every 3 years The Crown would not interfere with Parliament Judges would be independent No standing army in peace time English monarch must be Protestant Freedom of worship to Protestant dissenters

Page 83: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

Feb 13, 1688, the Declaration of Rights was accepted and proclaimed by William and Mary. Declaration had three main parts: 1. an indictment of James II and his transgressions, 2. a declaration of the rights of citizens. 3. William and Mary declared King and Queen of England, with William to exercise all power during his lifetime.

Page 84: TUDORS AND STUARTS AP Review II. Henry VII u u Became the first Tudor in 1485 after the War of the Roses u u He rebuilt England’s commercial ventures.

John LockeJohn Locke Second Treatise of Civil Government defended the

revolution:a) People set up governments to protect life, liberty, and propertyb) If government oversteps the bounds then it is tyranny, people have a natural right to revolt

The revolution was not democratic Sovereignty rested with Parliament Parliament reflected the Upper Class Created a constitutional monarchy - the age of aristocratic

government


Turbulent Tudors

Turbulent Tudors

Tudors and Stuarts bar - Gymnázium Olomouc Hejčín · • of the Tudor family, son of Henry VII • merry, good physique, favourite activities: • fond of women (other than his

Tudors and Stuarts bar - Gymnázium Olomouc Hejčín · • of the Tudor family, son of Henry VII • merry, good physique, favourite activities: • fond of women (other than his

All Tudors Early Stuarts

All Tudors Early Stuarts

Oliver Cromwell NCEA Year 13 Tudors and Stuarts Part One.

Oliver Cromwell NCEA Year 13 Tudors and Stuarts Part One.

The Tudors. The Tudors - 1485-1603 The Tudors encompass one of the most exciting periods in English History. The dynasty of the Tudors include Kings and.

The Tudors. The Tudors - 1485-1603 The Tudors encompass one of the most exciting periods in English History. The dynasty of the Tudors include Kings and.

Tudor England and the Reformation - westmifflinmoritz.comwestmifflinmoritz.com/Tudor and Stuart England.pdf · Bloody Mary • Mary’s goal ... Like the Tudors, the Stuarts did not

Tudor England and the Reformation - westmifflinmoritz.comwestmifflinmoritz.com/Tudor and Stuart England.pdf · Bloody Mary • Mary’s goal ... Like the Tudors, the Stuarts did not

Stuarts Notes

Stuarts Notes

Oliver Cromwell NCEA Year 13 Tudors and Stuarts Part Four.

Oliver Cromwell NCEA Year 13 Tudors and Stuarts Part Four.

Witchcraft Level Three History - Tudors and Stuarts - Popular Culture. www. Schoolhistory.co.nz.

Witchcraft Level Three History - Tudors and Stuarts - Popular Culture. www. Schoolhistory.co.nz.

Tudors and Stuarts Level Three History The Protestant Reformation A Challenge to Authority.

Tudors and Stuarts Level Three History The Protestant Reformation A Challenge to Authority.

The Stuarts and the Tudors – rivalry unto death

The Stuarts and the Tudors – rivalry unto death

Chapter 17 · PDF fileChapter 17, Section! Triumph of Parliament in England • How did the Tudors and Stuarts differ in their relations with Parliament? • How did the English

Chapter 17 · PDF fileChapter 17, Section! Triumph of Parliament in England • How did the Tudors and Stuarts differ in their relations with Parliament? • How did the English

Macleay River Arm Bank Rehabilitation Plan Stuarts Point ... · PDF fileBank Rehabilitation Plan Stuarts Point Caravan Park Foreshore ... Macleay River Arm Bank Rehabilitation Stuarts

Macleay River Arm Bank Rehabilitation Plan Stuarts Point ... · PDF fileBank Rehabilitation Plan Stuarts Point Caravan Park Foreshore ... Macleay River Arm Bank Rehabilitation Stuarts

Tudors and Stuarts 1558-1667 Government and Politics Parliament.

Tudors and Stuarts 1558-1667 Government and Politics Parliament.

Tudors and Stuarts Images · 2019-12-20 · Microsoft PowerPoint - Tudors and Stuarts_Images Author: c738916 Created Date: 1/12/2018 3:33:33 PM ...

Tudors and Stuarts Images · 2019-12-20 · Microsoft PowerPoint - Tudors and Stuarts_Images Author: c738916 Created Date: 1/12/2018 3:33:33 PM ...

Allens Arthur Robinson(d) The next period of equity was the formative period covering the Tudors and the Stuarts (say, 1500's to 1600's). During that period, the separation between

Allens Arthur Robinson(d) The next period of equity was the formative period covering the Tudors and the Stuarts (say, 1500's to 1600's). During that period, the separation between

History 258A: Blood, Heresy and Treason Under the Tudors and … · 2020. 3. 3. · History 258A: Blood, Heresy and Treason Under the Tudors and Stuarts Dr. Bucholz Sec 001 MW 2:45-4:00

History 258A: Blood, Heresy and Treason Under the Tudors and … · 2020. 3. 3. · History 258A: Blood, Heresy and Treason Under the Tudors and Stuarts Dr. Bucholz Sec 001 MW 2:45-4:00

The Age of Democratic Revolutions Unit 5. England Popular Tudors followed by Stuarts James I and Charles I unpopular Divine right Friendship with Catholic.

The Age of Democratic Revolutions Unit 5. England Popular Tudors followed by Stuarts James I and Charles I unpopular Divine right Friendship with Catholic.

TIME FOR CHRONOLOGY?thinkinghistory.co.uk/Issues/downloads/TimeforChronology.pdf · Roman, Saxons, Vikings, Normans, Medieval, Tudors, Stuarts, Victorians, Twentieth century The diagram

TIME FOR CHRONOLOGY?thinkinghistory.co.uk/Issues/downloads/TimeforChronology.pdf · Roman, Saxons, Vikings, Normans, Medieval, Tudors, Stuarts, Victorians, Twentieth century The diagram

The Tudors and the Stuarts

The Tudors and the Stuarts