Kingdom: Kingdom: Protista.Protista.

Subkingdom: Protozoa.Subkingdom: Protozoa.

Phylum:SarcomastigophoraPhylum:Sarcomastigophora

Subphylum: MastigophoraSubphylum: Mastigophora

Class:Zoomastigophora.Class:Zoomastigophora.

Order:KinetoplastidaOrder:Kinetoplastida

Family: TrypanosomatidaeFamily: Trypanosomatidae

Genus:Genus:TrypanosomaTrypanosoma

1-Species1-Species::TT. . bruceibrucei

SubspeciesSubspecies::

T. b. bruceiT. b. brucei

T. b. gambienseT. b. gambiense

T. b. rhodesienseT. b. rhodesiense

2-Species:2-Species: T. evansiT. evansi

Trypanosoma brucei is parasitic protist species that causes several disease for human and animals.

There are 3 sub-species of T.brucei which cause trypanosomiasis;

1- T.b.brucei 2- T.b.gambiense 3- T.b.rhodesiense Approximately 16-18 million people are

currently infected, 50,000 of which die each year.

It needs two host to complete its life cycle

1- insect vector 2- mammalian host It undergoes complex changes. It also features a unique and notable

variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat in order to avoid the host's immune system

Trypanosoma parasite

Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

Life Cycle of Life Cycle of Trypanosoma cruziTrypanosoma cruzi

1-1- Amastigote Amastigote - Basal body anterior - Basal body anterior of nucleus, with a short, essentially of nucleus, with a short, essentially non-functional, flagellum. non-functional, flagellum.

2- 2- PromastigotePromastigote - Basal body anterior - Basal body anterior of nucleus, with a long detached of nucleus, with a long detached flagellum. flagellum.

Trypanosoma life stages are:

3- 3- EpimastigoteEpimastigote - Basal - Basal body anterior of body anterior of nucleus, with a long nucleus, with a long flagellum attached along flagellum attached along the cell body. the cell body.

4- 4- TrypomastigoteTrypomastigote - Basal - Basal body posterior of body posterior of nucleus, with a long nucleus, with a long flagellum attached along flagellum attached along the cell body. the cell body.

Infective stage for vertebrate is Infective stage for vertebrate is metacyclic trypomastigotemetacyclic trypomastigote..

Infective stage for the invertebrate is Infective stage for the invertebrate is trypomastigotetrypomastigote

Vector Vector TaxonomyTaxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia.Kingdom: Animalia. Class: Insecta.Class: Insecta. 1-Genus: 1-Genus: GlossinaGlossina species: species: TsetseTsetse fly. fly. 2-Genus:2-Genus:ReduviidaeReduviidae ex: Triatoma spp. ( (Kissing bug) 3-Genus:Tabanedae ex: ex: Tabanus sppTabanus spp. .

The vectorThe vector

Glossina (Tsetse fly)

Bugs, Assassin bugs (or kissing bugs)

Tabanus spp.

Trypanosoa Trypanosoa speciesspecies

Vertebrate Vertebrate hosthost

vectorvector diseasedisease EpidemioloEpidemiologygy

T.bruci bruciT.bruci bruci Horses, pigs, Horses, pigs, cattle, cattle, rodentsrodents

Glossina spp.Glossina spp. NaganaNagana Tropical AfricaTropical Africa

T.bruci T.bruci gambiensegambiense

Human, Human, monkeys, monkeys, dogs,pigs,etc.dogs,pigs,etc...

Glossina spp.Glossina spp. Sleeping Sleeping siknesssikness

West AfricaWest Africa

T.bruci T.bruci rhodesienserhodesiense

Human,pigs.Human,pigs. Glossina spp.Glossina spp. Sleeping Sleeping siknesssikness

East AfricaEast Africa

T.crusiT.crusi Human, Human, domestic & domestic & wild animal.wild animal.

Reduviid Reduviid bugs bugs ((Triatoma Triatoma rhodniusrhodnius))

Chagas’ Chagas’

diseasedisease South AmericaSouth America

T.evansiT.evansi Horses, dogs.Horses, dogs. Tabanus spp.Tabanus spp. SurraSurra India, Africa, India, Africa, Australia, Australia, South and South and central central AmericaAmerica

Diseases caused by Trypanosoma spp. parasite