Trransaction analysis 2
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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
BY: SHWETANSHU GUPTA
MBA-TBS-49-2013
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INTRODUCTION PROFOUNDER SELF AWARENESS JOHARI WINDOW EGO STATES TYPES OF EGO STATES AIM OF TA LIFE POSITIONS TRANSACTION STROKING GAMES NEED FOR GAMES IMPORTANCE OF TA
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INTRODUCTIONANALYSIS OF SOCIAL
TRANSACTIONS, INTERPERSONAL
BEHAVIOUR.
SOCIAL TRANSACTION - PEOPLE INTERACTION.
STUDY OF MOVES PEOPLE MAKE IN THEIR DEALINGS.
• PEOPLE THINK, LIKE THEY DO• PEOPLE ACT, LIKE THEY DO
• INTERACTION WITH OTHERS
A MODEL FOR EXPLAINING
WHY AND HOW:
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PROFOUNDER- ERIC BERNE
• ACCORDING TO HIM - OUR BRAIN-• DETERMINES WHAT
WE THINK AND HOW WE ACT.
• IT CONSISTS OF DIFFERENT PERSONALITIES.
• ACTS LIKE A TAPE RECORDER WHILE RECORDING.
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SELF AWARENESS
Self is core of personality pattern which provides interaction.
Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham - Johari window diagram.
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JOHARI WINDOW
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EGO STATES
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PERSONALITY IS CONTROLLED AND SHAPED BY THE EGO WHICH DOMINATES THE PERSON PRIMARILY
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TYPES OF EGO STATE
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PARENT EGO STATE
• It incorporates the attitude, behaviours of all emotionally significant people who serve as parent figure when individual was child.
• Values and behaviour recorded becomes basic values of the personality.
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Two Types of Parent Ego-
• Nurturing parent ego – nurturing behaviour , very caring, very compromising, loving, Sympathetic , kind, forgiving
• Critical Parent Ego-A punishing personality, criticise , prejudice, finds fault, disapproves.
• Each individual has mixture of both nurturing and critical parent ego states.
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CHARACTERSTICS OF PARENT
Overprotective Upright (always right) References to rules and laws, Wagging Finger Dos and Don’t Reliance on the ways that were successful in the
past Teaching
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CHILD EGO STATE
CHILD-LIKE; REFLECTS THE LITTLE BOY/GIRL THAT NEVER GROWS UP.
IS FUN-LOVING, AFFECTIONATE, SELFISH, MEAN, PLAYFUL SPONTANEOUS
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THE NEGATIVE ASPECT OF THE ADAPTED CHILD INVOLVES OVERADAPTING WHEREIN WE GIVE UP OUR POWER AND DISCOUNT OUR
VALUE, WORTH, AND DIGNITY.
THE POSITIVE ASPECT OF THE ADAPTED CHILD IS THAT WE RESPOND APPROPRIATELY IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS.
THE NEGATIVE ASPECT OF THE NATURAL CHILD IS TO BE IMPULSIVE TO THE DEGREE OUR SAFETY IS COMPROMISED.
THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF THE NATURAL CHILD ARE THE SPONTANEOUS, EVER SO LOVABLE, LOVING AND CHARMING PARTS OF ALL OF US.
TYPES OF CHILD EGO
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD
Seeing, hearing, touching
Experience joy /frustration
Wish /fantasise
Feels internally
Spontaneous
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ADULT-EGO STATE• Based on reasoning, seeking
and providing
• View people as equal, worthy
• Updates the parent data regarding what is valid and what is not
• Updates child data to determine which feelings should be expressed and which shouldn't
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT
Estimations
Evaluation
Storing Data
Figuring out
Exploring
Testing
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Parent is our 'Taught' concept of life
Adult is our 'Thought' concept of life
Child is our 'Felt' concept of life
In Simple Words:
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AIM OF TAA major focus of TA is determining which ego state(s) a person is using.
The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves.
Thus, TA is a social psychology and a method to improve communication.
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LIFE POSITIONS Are windows on the world or the glasses through which we
see the world.
He thinks there are four possible life positions I’m not OK, You’re OK I’m not OK, You’re not OK I’m OK, You’re not OK I’m OK, You’re OK
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Berne believes that everyone is born in the same Life Position
I’m not OK, You’re OK
The reason you are not OK when you are born is because you are dependent on others for all your needs. They are OK, because they have the ability to satisfy their own needs and your needs.
I AM NOT OK, YOU ARE OK
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I AM NOT OK, YOU ARE NOT OK
Life, which in the first year had some comforts, now has none. By the end of the first year something significant has happened to the child. He is walking. He no longer has to be picked up. It means that his 'babying' days are over. The stroking ceases entirely.
In addition punishments come harder and more often
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I AM OK , YOU ARE NOT OK
It is the position of people who project their problems onto others and blame them, put them down, and criticize them.
Results when a person is ignored too much as child.
Lack trust, confidence, talent.
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I AM OK, YOU ARE OK
Occurs when person has ok feelings.
Feels life as worth living,
This position is characterized by an attitude of trust and openness, a willingness to give and take, and an acceptance of others as they are.
People are close to themselves and to others. There are no losers, only winners.
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TRANSACTION
WHEN PEOPLE INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER. TYPES-
COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTIONS CROSSED TRANSACTIONS ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS -
ANGULAR DUPLEX
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COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION
BOTH PERSONS ARE OPERATING FROM THE SAME EGO STATE (CHILD:CHILD) OR FROM COMPLEMENTARY EGO STATES (PARENT:CHILD OR ADULT:PARENT).
COMMUNICATION LINES ARE PARALLEL.
SMOOTH TYPE OF INTERACTION
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EXAMPLES:
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CROSSED TRANSACTION
AN INAPPROPRIATE EGO STATE IS ACTIVATED, PRODUCING AN UNEXPECTED RESPONSE.
CROSSED TRANSACTIONS HURT.
WHEN THEY OCCUR, PEOPLE TEND TO WITHDRAW FROM EACH OTHER OR SWITCH TOPICS.
LINES ARE CROSSED.
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EXAMPLES:
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ULTERIOR TRANSACTION
DOUBLE MEANING INTERACTIONS.
MOST COMPLEX AND SUBTLE.
TWO MESSAGES ARE SENT, ONE OVERT, THE OTHER IMPLIED AND UNSPOKEN.
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ANGULAR TRANSACTION
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DUPLEX TRANSACTION
You are wearing a nice shirt
Thanks. Its LEVIS
He looks idiot
From neighbor
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STROKING A stroke is any act of recognition or source of
stimulation. Verbal or physical recognition for certain
behaviours. Strokes result in the collection of either good or
bad feelings, known as stamps. When enough stamps are collected, they cash
them in on behaviour. Healthy people give and receive positive strokes
most often.
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TYPES OF STROKESVerbal
Non-verbal
Positive
Negative
Conditional
Un-conditional
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Conditional strokes say “I will like you if and when you are a certain way”; they are received for doing something.
Unconditional strokes say “I am willing to accept you for who you are and for being who you are, and we can negotiate our differences.”
Positive strokes say “I like you,” and they may be expressed by warm physical touches, accepting words, appreciation, a smile, and friendly gestures.
Negative strokes say “I don’t like you,” and they too can be expressed both verbally and nonverbally. \
Interestingly, negative strokes are considered preferable to no strokes at all—that is, to being ignored.
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Berne felt that people in the life position “I’m not OK, You’re OK” or “I’m not OK, You’re not OK” were people with low self esteem.
He felt that these people find it hard to interact with people in a straightforward way so they play ‘games’.
Game is an interaction with a hidden motive where one of the participants is gaining something.
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HOW DO WE KNOW WE ARE PLAYING A GAME?
Repetitive- It “happens to us” over and over again, often with
different game partners
Predictable - The outcome is predictable, both for game
players and “audience”
Ulterior transactions - We are not saying what is really going on, or what is really important
to us at that moment
Negative payoff - We don’t feel OK at the end of the game
Outside Adult consciousness - Games are played between
Parent and/or Child ego states. The Adult ego state is not
involved.
Switch - At some point in the Game there is a switch in
communication, which brings confusion
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CHARACTERS OF GAMES
A Persecutor feels
superior and belittles
other people. His life
position is: I am OK, you are not OK
(+/-).
The Rescuer also looks
upon others as being
inferior, but reacts by offering
help. The life position is: I am OK, you are not OK (+/-)
The Victim looks upon himself as
being inferior. The life position is: I am not OK, you are OK (-/+)
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NEED FOR GAMES
TO GET STROKES.
TO STRENGTHEN PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITION.
TO AVOID OR CONTROL INTIMACY
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IMPORTANCE OF TA
DEVELOPING POSITIVE THINKING
INTERPERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
MOTIVATION
ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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REFERENCES www.businessballs.com www.docstoc.com www.slideshares.com www.ta-denhaag.nl Organizational behavior- LM Prasad
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Thank you