Tripartite Meeting on Sustainable Urbanization for...

Tripartite Meeting on Sustainable Urbanization for Poverty Eradication

Side Event on the Lake Tanganyika Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Management Programme (LT-WATSAN)

Kigali, Rwanda September 4, 2013

OVERVIEW OF LT-WATSAN

Presentation by Urban Basic Services Branch,

UN-HABITAT

Small Towns – The Context Defined as Urban centres with

population typically between 10,000 and 500,000 persons

They are commercial/marketing centres with large daytime/market day population figures

They have features that are both urban and rural which presents challenges in service delivery

Their evolution is often more spontaneous and ad-hoc rather than planned and they are growing rapidly with urbanization trends that exceed national averages

REQUEST BY COMESA TO UN-HABITAT TO FACILITATE A WATSAN PROGRAM IN LAKE TANGANYIKA REGION

Following the successful implementation of the LVWATSAN programme in the Lake Victoria Basin, COMESA requested early 2011 UN-HABITAT to formulate a similar programme in the Lake Tanganyika Basin. The following targets were agreed: Identification of small urban centres in the 5 countries bordering Lake

Tanganyika (Burundi, DRC Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia), which would meet the set objectives.

Development Objectives: Improve water and environmental sanitation while building capacity in

governance, urban planning, climate change adaptation and environmental management through a regional approach.

Use the project as an entry point to promote social and economic stability, to support economic and trade expansion, and regional integration.

Establish partnerships with the LTA and national governments (Min. of Water, Min. of Health, Min. of Environment, Min. of Local Government, etc)

The 2nd deepest and 2nd largest lake in the world by volume – starting to show signs of environmental stress

Known for its rich biodiversity

An essential transportation link for the riparian countries

Located in a region that is slowly recovering from long years of conflict

Although the region is rich in natural resources, the riparian countries are among the poorest in the world.

OVERVIEW OF LAKE TANGANYIKA

Lake Tanganyika

DR Congo

Zambia

Tanzania

FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (1)

Initial consultations were held with LTA on a Lake Tanganyika water program(2010)

UN-Habitat made available a budget for preparation (May 2011)

Identification of potential towns (July 2011)


Meeting was held with Delegates of the 5 Countries to discuss selection and confirmation requested

Rapid Appraisals were carried out in the period August – Sept 2011

Formulation of ‘Project Identification Fiche – (‘PIF’) - September 2011


Preparation of Country Packages (Oct-Nov 2011)

Confirmation of selected towns with national governments (Jan 2012)

Detailed Field Appraisals carried out (Jan – Feb 2012)

Draft MoU prepared between LTA and UN-Habitat

SELECTED TOWNS

During August-September 2011, an initial appraisal study was carried out in the pre-selected 15 towns by UN-Habitat in close coordination with the five Governments:

Burundi Rumonge, Nyanza-Lac and Gatumba

DR Congo: Kalemie, Moba, Uvira and Kiliba Tanzania Kigoma, Kasulu, Mpanda, Namanyere Rwanda Rusizi and Rubavu Zambia

Mbala and Mpulungu


Preparation of ‘Action Fiche’ with IRCC/COMESA - Feb. 2012

ACTION FICHE

1. IDENTIFICATION

Title/Number LAKE TANGANYIKA WATER, SANITATION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT.

Total cost EUR 45 MILLION

EU/EDF contribution:36 MILLION

Contribution of the beneficiary countries (parallel co-

financing):EUR 9 MILLION

Method of

implementation

JOINT MANAGEMENT : CONTRACTING AUTHORITY and

COMESA

IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT: COMESA and UN-HABITAT

DAC-code Sector

2. RATIONALE

2.1. Sector context policies and strategies

2.1.1. Regional Organisations

The five Regional Organisations in the Lake Tanganyika Region, COMESA, Lake Tanganyika

Authority (LTA), East Africa Community (EAC), Great Lakes Initiative Conference (GLIC),

and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) all have mandates and strategies for

promoting socio-economic development and improving the sustainable management of natural

resources. COMESA’s overall strategy includes a focus on coordinating joint action on trans-

boundary environmental conservation, as well as promoting programmes which can help to

overcome infrastructural bottlenecks to trade and investment. COMESA also attaches

importance to programmes which can strengthen the capacity of women to play a more active

role as economic actors. The member states of the EAC have adopted a Protocol on the

environment and natural resources management. The GLIC is charged with the coordination of

a number of regional programmes aimed at achieving peace and stability in the Great Lakes

Region of Africa. These programmes include natural resources management, regional

integration and economic development. Regional projects which involve member countries of

COMESA, EAC and SADC, (such as the proposed Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and

Environmental Management Project) have been identified as an effective operational

mechanism to further strengthen the collaboration between these organizations.

2.1.2. Partner Governments

Water supply, sanitation and environmental management are key components of the national

development strategies of the 5 countries which share the Lake Tanganyika Basin. Burundi and

DRC are in the process of developing a water and sanitation sector reform, with the support of

GIZ. Tanzania, Rwanda and Zambia have existing water and sanitation reforms, and have

developed strategies and action plans for investment for rural and urban areas. Considerable

work still needs to be done in terms of formulation and enforcement of comprehensive policies

with regard to terrestrial and lacustrine environmental conservation. In all the countries,

however, there exist functional frameworks for investments in the water, sanitation and solid

waste management. Building and strengthening the capacity of Member States is one of the


Application to EU for funding under EDF-10 was submitted (March 2012)

Concept Note prepared requesting co-funding from GEF / UNEP (Jun-July 2012)

CONCEPT NOTE Submitted by

UN-Habitat in partnership with Lake Tanganyika Authority

Strengthening of the Environmental Component of the Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management

Project

Request for additional funding from GEF Trust Fund to meet Targets of the Strategic Components as formulated in the updated Strategic Action Programme (SAP) for the Protection of Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Lake Tanganyika and its Basin prepared by the Lake Tanganyika Authority Secretariat (LTAS).

The Strategic Action Programme (SAP) is a negotiated policy document that identifies actions in terms of policy, legal and institutional reforms and investments needed to address priority transboundary problems. The SAP defines national priorities within a regional framework, as there are incremental benefits to shared international water resources and global biodiversity.

The SAP document produced by the Lake Tanganyika Authority Secretariat was funded by UNDP/GEF project. Today, LTAS is facilitating the development of National Action Plans which contain the concrete activities to be implemented in each country

Six main Environmental Quality Objectives have been formulated in the SAP that are aimed to be achieved by 2035. For each objective, the SAP presents a set of specific targets that are subsequently broken down into a set of strategic actions. Table 1. Environmental Quality Objectives of the SAP

Environmental Quality Objective Targets

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human societies are sufficiently resilient to adapt to the impacts of climate change and variability

Enhanced resilience of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

Increased preparedness and capacity to adapt to climate change impact

Improved knowledge-base, monitoring and information-management mechanisms

Fish stocks are healthy and adequately managed to sustain future exploitation

Reduced fishing pressure in the pelagic zone

Reduced fishing pressure in the littoral zone

Ornamental fisheries controlled and managed

Erosion and sedimentation rates are reduced through sustainable land management practises

Sustainable agriculture activities increased

Deforestation rates decreased

Sustainable land management strategies in place

Critical habitats are protected, restored, and managed for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use

Protected area resource management improved

Critical aquatic and terrestrial habitats protected, restored and managed


Preparation of Bankable Feasibility Study – Nov- Dec 2012

Discussions with AfDB concerning possible funding (March 2013)

Numerous attempts to organise a High-Level Ministerial Meeting (Nov. 2012, March, May, June, July 2013)

Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management Project Feasibility Study Report Volume I – Main Report November 2012

United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O Box 30030, GPO Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Telephone: +254 7624910 Website: www. unhabitat.org

LT-WATSAN PROGRAMME STRATEGIES

• Feasible • Reliable • Sustainable • Affordable • Pro-poor focus • Regionally

accepted • Appropriate

to end user • Environment

ally positive • Attainable

goals • Adapted to

climate change

• Regional urban dialogue

• Capacity development in regional bodies

• Regional urban planning

• Regional watsan database

• Regional climate change adaptation planning

• Regional networking and collaboration

Design Horizon:

2017: Immediate Phase

2027: Medium term

2037: Long term Components:

Water supply: Reliable & Affordable

Sanitation: On-site & Sewered (long-term)

SWM: Removal management/Recycling

Drainage: Sustainable Urban Drainage/IWRM

Local economic development: with UNIDO

Urban planning: Capacity building & plans

Environment: Urban catchment management

Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation

TCB: Regional, National and Town level

Financing: Phased-Planning > Immediate > Designs > Long term actions

Elements Regional Program design

MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (1)

Massive post-conflict

unplanned

urbanization

Weak capacity of

service providers and

municipal authorities

facing large and

mounting problems;

Widespread poverty

and large groups of

vulnerable persons


Widespread poverty and large

groups of vulnerable persons

Very limited access to basic

urban services, especially

water and sanitation and solid

waste management

Old CWP in Ujiji (TZ)


Growing

environmental

deterioration in urban

centres and the Lake

Increasing impacts of

Climate Change

visible.

Kalemie DRC

OTHER FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL

Towns in Burundi and DRC have

suffered the ravages of civil war while

those in Tanzania and Zambia

received a massive influx of refugees.

Burundi has to accommodate large

numbers of ‘returnees’.

All towns have grown tremendously

and the existing infrastructure cannot

cope.

Access to safe drinking water and

sanitation varies between 5% and

30%

None of the towns have a functional

solid waste management system.

HOW CAN LT-WATSAN ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS? Delivery of water and sanitation

services provides an ideal entry point to address a broad range of developmental issues;

The Programme is designed to address service provision, institutional development, social stability, skills training and local economic development for the extreme poor and vulnerable, as well as environmental management and pollution control;

Through a regional approach, the Programme will forge regional networks and a shared awareness of the Lake as a regional public good, and provide twinning with LVWATSAN.

LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (1)

Improving living

conditions by

expanding the

delivery of water

supply, sanitation

and other basic

services, with

special emphasis

on the needs of the

poor and

marginalized

groups;


Reduced environmental degradation by promoting

energy efficiency in service provision, the expanded use of

energy from waste, waste recycling and more effective

approaches to urban catchment management;

Pro-poor approaches to service delivery and community

empowerment through capacity building and local

economic development;

Climate Change Adaptation strategy prepared and

mitigation measures developed


Pollution control in the Lake Tanganyika catchment through

improved environmental sanitation, and waste management;

Improving governance and urban management by

strengthening the capacity of municipal authorities and service

providers;

Promoting sustainable management of land and other

natural resources through urban planning;

Strengthening regional cooperation by establishing

collaborative networks among local authorities and water and

sewerage utilities; and

Formulating a long term urban infrastructure and

institutional development plan in water, sanitation and

environmental management

PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION MODEL FOR LT-WATSAN

Design and implement a First Phase in the 15 Towns focusing on Quick Impact Interventions to rehabilitate and expand infrastructure to increase access to services in 3 years.

A comprehensive programme of institutional development and capacity building to include measures to promote stronger municipal governance, gender parity and social stability;

Skills training and capacity enhancement for the poor and disadvantaged including returning refugees, women and youth ;

Local Economic Development programme, to stimulate local economic activities and promote investment;

Assistance in participatory urban planning;

Technical assistance to the LTA to enable the LTA to design and mobilize funding for a long term programme of water, sanitation and environmental management (including preparation of a long term investment programme)

LT-WATSAN – Management Structure

SUMMARY BUDGET FOR SHORT-TERM (2017) DEVELOPMENT (’000

USD)

Component Burundi DR

Congo

Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Scheme

Total

Water 1,298 1,897 795 1,535 1,209 6,733

Sanitation 935 1,665 774 2,050 801 6,226

Solid Waste 359 804 290 721 296 2,470

Other ST Interventions 814 3,078 742 3,711 1,336 9,682

Local Econ Dev (UNIDO) 175 100 170 160 160 765

Consultancy Costs 322 679 249 736 342 2,329

Project Sub-total 3,904 8,223 3,021 8,913 4,144 28,205

Institutional Capacity Building 645 860 430 860 430 3,225

PMU 252 336 168 336 168 1,260

Programme Coordination 600 800 400 800 400 3,000

Scheme Sub-total 5,401 10,219 4,019 10,909 5,142 35,690

Contingency (10%) 540 1,022 402 1,091 514 3,569

SCHEME TOTAL 5,941 11,241 4,421 12,000 5,656 39,259

SUMMARY BUDGET FOR MEDIUM TERM (2027) DEVELOPMENT (’000 USD)

Component Burundi DR

Congo

Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Scheme

Total

Water 3,104 26,719 4,064 9,296 6,742 49,924

Sanitation 1,217 8,863 1,854 11,940 4,249 28,122

Solid Waste 423 965 360 822 342 2,912

Other ST Interventions 2,443 16,067 1,789 12,248 4,078 36,624

Local Econ Dev (UNIDO) 30 - - 214 57 301

Consultancy Costs 650 4,735 726 3,107 1,392 10,609

Project Sub-total 7,866 57,348 8,792 37,626 16,860 128,493

Institutional Capacity Building 375 500 250 500 250 1,875

PMU 200 336 116 336 168 1,156

Programme Coordination 600 800 400 800 400 3,000

Scheme Sub-total 9,041 58,984 9,558 39,262 17,678 134,524

Contingency (10%) 904 5,898 956 3,926 1,768 13,452

SCHEME TOTAL 9,945 64,883 10,513 43,188 19,446 147,976

Financial and Economic Analysis In the Feasibility Report a financial and economic analysis was carried

out:

For the proposed water supply systems the objectives were to:

Appraise whether the proposed investment is financially viable and

economically feasible;

For the proposed sanitation interventions

The viability of the proposed investment was analysed in terms of the

benefit/cost ratio

The Analysis concluded that the Proposed Project is Feasible but

should include measures to reform tariffs subject to willingness to

pay and affordability

Economic and Financial Analysis: Example

Conclusions from the Financial and Economic Analysis for Sanitation

LT-WATSAN : SELECTED PICTURES FROM THE RAPID APPRAISAL

T

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