13 ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF PHARYNGEAL APPROXIMANTS, FRICATIVES, TRILLS AND
Trills And Spills
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Transcript of Trills And Spills
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Consonants 2
The trills keep coming
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trrrrrills
• rolling your rs
• tongue raises and falls away and raises to the alveolar ridge [r]
• do it just once and you have a flap or tap
• The symbol for this is ɾ or ɾ• bilabial trills in Melanesia B
• Uvular trills for French ‘r’
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Liquids
• Liquids are a subset of approximants and include l and the English r
• English [r] really upside r is not a trill• The tongue does not touch the alveolar ridge but
points to it. For some speakers there is a slight bending backwards of the tip of the tongue too
• [l] is a lateral. Tongue raises to the alveolar ridge, but the sides of the tongue are lowered allowing air to escape over the sides
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Non-liquid approximants
• Called a semi-vowel or glides
• [j] front of the tongue raises near the palate so narrowing but not noisy. Palatal glide:
• [w] is also a semi-vowel the tongue raises like [j] but at the velum. Also note lip-rounding labio-velar glide.
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retroflexible!
• Retroflex always appears as a place• but a cross between a place and a manner.• Bend backwards – tongue curls up further than
with other consonants• so you can get retroflex stops, fricatives,
affricates, nasals• all the symbols have a tail which points to the
right
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Larger groupings• In language we often find that sounds of the same
manner behave the same way or sounds of the same place exhibit special behaviour
• But often these special behaviours are exhibited across larger groupings
• Obstruents Stops + fricatives + affricates• Stop flow of air, voiced and voiceless, frequently
voiceless• Sonorants nasals, liquids (l+r)• Louder, more frequently voiced in language • Non-Pulmonic, clicks, ejectives, and implosives