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1 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop

Trends in Networks Research

FUTURA

W orkshop on Future W ireless Communication System

17.10.2003

Ilkka Keskitalo

Nokia Networks


Contents

•W hat is 4G?

• Evolution of 3G Networks

• Role of Complementary Access Technologies

• Ad Hoc Networking


4G Trends and Drivers

• M any definitions for the term 4G exists; Nokia’s view:• 3G evolution is based on the combination of existing technologies like cellular as main interface and W ireless LAN for hot-spot usage

• 4G (a.k.a. ”Systems Beyond 3G” or ”Systems beyond IM T-2000”) is a research topic for new air interfaces and systems to be considered after 2010

• Radio performance and higher throughput/lower delays identified as major drivers for 4G• Streaming and fast download (instant gratification) of medium size entertainment material (good resolution video clips, 3D)• System needs to serve at least up to 2020 and user interfaces will develop radically

• Large size down-loads (e.g. mail-box synch.)

• Transport and last hop transmission for very high throughput arealso issues but need to be developed for 3G evolution already


4G Radio Research Positioning

• 3G will go towards 10/100 M bps (wide/local area) (with W LAN providing the 100 M b/s hot spot capability) – 4G should be clearly better• Up to 100 M bps/1 Gbps carrier bit rates in wide/local area

deployments• Bandwidth up to 100 M Hz

• Clear cellular capacity improvements over 3G (best effort packet)• M ulticellularefficiency of e.g. W CDM A+HSDPA up to

0.5-1.0 bits/s/Hz

• Adaptability to different radio environments• Parameterized solution yielding optimal or close to optimal

performance in different radio conditions (wide area, local area)

• Efficient support of services with wide variety of QoS requirements (RT, non-RT, etc.)


Driversfor changein mobile networks

• Easyintroductionand management of servicesand applications• Openinterfacesand platforms, developmenttools, serviceand subscription

control, management improvements…

• Requirementsof new serviceson networks• Higherbandwidth,

controlto data mix, peerto peer…

• Betteruserexperience• Bandwidth, delay…

• Lowercostof service• Scalability, capacity,

QoSmanagement…

• M ultiple access technologies in use• GSM , EDGE, W CDM A, W LAN,

xDSL…IPv4 IPv6

W CDM A Blue toothEDGE W LANSS7

CONNECTION INFRASTRUCTURE

IRDA

EPOCJAVA

M I D D L E W A R E

M obile M essagingVideo-Codec Browser Phonebook

A P P L I C A T I O N S

M usic News CNNImages Video Games

C O N T E N TFastestFastest

SlowestSlowest

Speed ofChange

Speed ofChange


=> Architecture evolution for lowering production cost per bit

Network Load vs. Revenue

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

M onthly M B per user PS/CS Traffic division

PS

CS400

800

1200

1600

2000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Background

Interactive

StreamingVideo callsRich Call

IP VoiceCS Voice

Bits

/s B

H /

user

Traffic will grow significantly and traffic mix will be totally different

But revenue will grow much less


6

2

Voice call

SM S

TodayVoice call

?

?

SM S ? ?

?

?

W eb Browsing

W AP services Real-time

Video

AudioStreaming

Future

User plane traffic

Control plane traffic

2 Average use per user per day

•The future services mix is rather unpredictable and likely to change rapidly

•Signaling and user traffic loads vary a lot by services

New Service M ix Require High Scalability


GSM /EDGE

W CDM A

A / Iu-CS

Gb

Iu-PSCore

networkRadio

NetworkController

RadioNetworkController

Base StationController

Base StationController

GSM /EDGE BTS

W CDM A BTS

RAN

• Strict one-to-many hierarchy between base stations and controllers• Separated subsystems for all radio access technologies• Architecture supports equally all packet traffic types

Standardair interface

Standardinterfaces to core NW

RAN Architecture Today


Nokia Radio Network Gateway

Nokia Circuit-Switched Gateway

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Gb

M ultimodeAll-IP Base Station

Nokia UltraSite and M etroSiteEDGE / W CDM A Base Stations

IP / ATM / M PLS transport



IP Radio Controlling(RNAS, OM S, CRRM , ITRM )

Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity

Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity

User Plane: Optimised for IP transport,scales with bandwidth usage

User Plane: Optimised for IP transport,scales with bandwidth usage

Distributed RAN Architecture


Nokia Radio Network Gateway

Nokia Circuit-Switched Gateway

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Gb

M ultimodeAll-IP Base Station

Nokia UltraSite and M etroSiteEDGE / W CDM A Base Stations




IP Radio Controlling(RNAS, OM S, CRRM , ITRM )

Pooled GW andcontrollerresources

Pooled GW andcontrollerresources

Functionality shiftedTo Base Station

Functionality shiftedTo Base Station

Single network& elements

for multiradio

Single network& elements

for multiradio

Distributed RAN Architecture


Core NW Architecture Today

A / Iu-CS

Gb

Iu-PSRAN

CS Core

• Strict one-to-many hierarchy between M SC/SGSN and RAN• Any-to-Any hierarchy within core network• User and Control plane handled in same network elements

StandardInterfaces to RAN

M SCM SC GM SCGM SC

M SCM SC GM SCGM SC

PS Core

SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN

SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN

PSTN

IPNetwork

StandardInterfaces External Networks

HLRHLR


CS Core: User/Control Plane Separation


Standardinterfaces to RAN

Call ControlM obility

M anagement, etc.

M SC Server

M edia GW

GM SC Server

M edia GW

PSTN


A / Iu-CS

Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity,

pooled control plane capacity



User Plane: IP Transport for CS traffic,

scales with usage

User Plane: IP Transport for CS traffic,

scales with usage


PS Core: Packet Delivery Optimization


Standardinterfaces to RAN

Session M anagementM obility M anagement,

etc.

SGSN Server

M edia GW GGSN

PSTN


Gb / Iu-PS User Plane: Independent user plane scaling

User Plane: Independent user plane scaling






Contents

•W hat is 4G?


Role of Complementary Access Technologies

• Ad Hoc Networking


M ultiaccess, Key Issues

IP convergence domain

Intranet

Internet

M obileNetwork

Corporation's Service Provider

Application servers

APP

Branded Service Provider

Application servers

APP

Network Operator's Service Provider

Application servers

APP Proximity

Mobile term

inals

Access

(Fixed) terminals

Access

Access

Consumer and

Corporate

M obile Use

Home

Office

IM Saccess

Complementaryaccess methods

Servicecontinuity

Accessother services

M ultimode terminal maintains session while switching between

accessess

M ore usage for operator services

M ore traffic for mobile network

M ost convenient access method used. with single

subscriptionOperator infra and service synergies


3GPPSystem

Complementary Access M ethodsArchitecture Overview

W LANAZ

UE

CSdomain

W CDM A/EDGE IP-RAN

PSTNExternal IP Networks

IM S

PSdomain

HSSM O

managedIP NW

EDGE/ W CDM A

2. Access toIM S Services

-M essaging-Streaming-Presence-Later RT, VoIP-for laptop/PDA type of terminal

W LAN

IP-BTS

Intranet

LocalAAAaccessctrl

4. Seamless 3G Services-seamless switrhto/from cellular-VoIP/Voice, rich call foroffices & homes

-for PDA/cellular dual mode terminals

W LANGW

VPN GW

1. Internet Access;Operator W LAN

-Internet browsing-Intranet access via VPN-Possibility for 3GPP systembased authentication & charging

-for laptop type of terminal

W LANAuthenticatio

Server

3. M obile IPv6Service Continuity

-Home Agent on top of W LAN & 3GPP systems-For laptop/PDA/cellular dual mode terminals

M IPv6 HA


Contents

•W hat is 4G?


• Role of Complementary Access Technologies

Ad Hoc Networking


Ad HocNetworking

• M ultihopmesh networks (wide area)• Static or semi-static mesh networks are close to commercialization• M obile networking still very challenging• In long term ad hoc networking technology has potential also forrelatively wide area coverage

• Proximity networking (local environment)• Seems promising from end user acceptance viewpoint• Already happening, e.g. Bluetooth


W here are the M eshes and Ad Hocs?

PSTN

Internet

Service Integration & Content Delivery

M obile Networks

Broadband Networks

Service Infrastructure

M ultimode BTS(GSM /EDGE/W CDM A)

Broadband W ireless Access

IP Backbone

M obility, Connection &ControlServers

LocalServices

LocalAccess Points(W LAN, Cellular)

LocalServices

Proximity

In backbone and core networks mesh topology is already dominant, however statically

configured.

In access networks, tree topology dominates, no physical mesh connectivity. Utilizing mesh networks for complementary access is being studied.

In access networks, tree topology dominates, no physical mesh

connectivity. Fixed W ireless (Ad Hoc) M esh networks emerging candidates for broadband access.

In emerging proximity domain ad hoc connections will be common place and multihop connections

enable mesh topology.


Ad hoc networks foraand standardization

IEEE 802.11 W LAN:Ad hoc mode for W LAN

IEEE 802.11 W LAN:Ad hoc mode for W LAN

IEEE802.16aW M AN:

mesh topology option

IEEE802.16aW M AN:

mesh topology option ETSI: BRAN/HiperM AN

mesh topology option

ETSI: BRAN/HiperM ANmesh topology option

IETF: M ANET:Routing, AirOS/AODV

IETF: M ANET:Routing, AirOS/AODV

BT SIG:PAN profile

BT SIG:PAN profile

W W RF and W W I:Native Ad hoc

networks

W W RF and W W I:Native Ad hoc

networks

?


Ad hoc networking: Key research challenges

• Technology• Link layer (functionality, functional split with L1 to L3)• Power management• Routing & mobility• Security• QoS• Radio interface• Service discovery

• Service model• Service architecture• Service discovery and availability


Summary• Different layers of the network have different innovation cycles

• Development of radio interfaces, network solutions, and service machineries should not be artificially tied together

• 3G Networks will evolve gradually to• Optimize service delivery• Integrate different access technologies

• Graceful evolution of the 3G systems can provide viable path to 4G networks; i.e., 4G radio interface could be plugged-in to the evolved 3G network• Hot spot access technologies (e.g., 802.11) can be integrated into the 3G

networks (with loosely or more tightly coupled service provision)• Solutions to further improve the performance and flexibility of the 3G

architecture are already investigated in relevant standardization bodies

• Ad hoc networking will be important but significant research challenges remain especially for public mobile case

New networks and applications do not have to wait for 4G radio !

On the other hand, 4G radio does not necessary need a new network !

New networks and applications do not have to wait for 4G radio !

On the other hand, 4G radio does not necessary need a new network !

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