Tree Identification Laura Hlinka UMS 7th grade science.
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Transcript of Tree Identification Laura Hlinka UMS 7th grade science.
Tree Identification Characteristics In order to correctly identify trees in nature it is
important to know certain characteristics used in tree identification.
Looking at characteristics other than leaves of a tree will help to identify it. This helps when there are no leaves on a tree or they are too high to see properly.
These are just some of the techniques used in tree identification.
Tree Identification Characteristics Some of these characteristics that should be looked
at when identifying a tree are: Leaf shape Twigs and buds Bud scars Fruit Flowers Bark Tree form/Branching pattern Where the tree is growing and what other plants and
trees it may be growing around.
Leaves Leaves are NOT the best, but often the easiest
way to identify a tree. Needles and scale of evergreens are also
considered leaves. Questions to consider when identifying leaves:
Are the leaves: simple or compound? margins smooth or margins rough? any sinuses or lobes? What is the size, shape, texture, and color variation of
the leaves?
First question- Type of leaf
Broad leaf
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Needle - like
Scale
When identifying evergreens count the number of needles that occur in a group and then length of the needles.
Needles that occur singularly may either be flat or round and have different numbers of white lines on the bottom of the needles.
Needles that are flat may be all scale like as in cedar trees or junipers.
Evergreen Identification
External Anatomy of a Leaf
Margin Midrib Petiole Blade
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Leaves – Sinuses or Lobes A sinus is the indentation between two
lobes. A lobe is a division of a leaf blade that is
broadly attached.
Leaves – Simple or Compound Simple leaves only have one leaf blade.
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Leaves – Simple or Compound• Compound leaves are made up of several
separate leaflets attached to a common leaf stem. Has only one petiole
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Pinnately Compound More than one leaflet
per petiole It kind of looks like a
feather
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Bipinnately Compound Doubly compound. Looks like a
compound leaf on a compound leaf
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Palmately Compound More than one leaflet
per petiole, but they are attached like the fingers on your hand.
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Leaves - Margins Margins are the edges of the leaves, which have
different patterns. Examples of margins are:
Smooth Serrate or Doubly serrate Dentate Crenate Undulate Sinuate Lobed
Entire = Smooth
Edge of leaf is smooth
No lobes or serrate
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Serrate or Doubly serrate
Edge of leaf is jagged all around.
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Dentate
Edge of leaf is deeply jagged like teeth
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Lobed Edge of leaf
is indented, but does not go all the way to the midrib
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Leaf Shape
Deltoid - triangular shaped
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Leaf Shape
Ovate - wider at base of leaf near petiole
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Leaf Shape
Obovate - wider at top of leafQuickTime™ and a
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Leaf Arrangements Leaf arrangement refers to the leaf arrangement
on the stem of the tree. Leaves are arranged in three different ways:
Opposite – Buds form in pairs on either side of the twig.
Alternate – Buds are arranged singly at intervals along the twigs.
Whorled – Buds are arranged in circles around the twig.
Leaf Arrangements
OPPOSITE means the leaf petioles are attached oppositely of each other on the twig.
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Leaf Arrangements
ALTERNATE means the leaf petioles are attached in a staggered pattern, not OPPOSITE each other on the twig)
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Scientific and Common Names Scientific names are used for standardization so
everyone will know what tree is being discussed since common names change from one area to another.
Scientific names are either italicized when typed or underlined when hand written.
The genus of a scientific name is always capitalized and the species is always lowercase.