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    The Treaty of VersaillesJune 1919

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    The Big Four

    Woodrow WilsonUSA

    David Lloyd-George GreatBritain

    Georges Clemenceau France Vittorio Orlando taly

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    The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

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    What did France want from thetreaty?

    Security

    Revenge

    Reparations

    Clemenceau : heiger

    Clemenceau wanted to ma!e sure

    that "ermany could not invadeFrance in the future# $e wasdetermined that "ermany should %emade to pay for the damage that had%een caused in northern France %y

    the invading "erman armies#

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    David Lloyd-George

    &n pu%lic 'loyd("eorge said hewanted to punish the "ermans# he)ritish pu%lic was very anti("ermanat the end of the war#

    &n private he realised that )ritainneeded "ermany to recover

    %ecause she was an importanttrading partner#

    $e was also worried a%out the*disease from the east+,communism# he Russian

    government had %een overthrown%y a communist revolution in 191-#'loyd("eorge %elieved that thespread of communism had to %estopped# . strong "ermany would

    %e a %arrier against it.

    What did )ritain Want?

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    Woodrow Wilson

    What did .merica Want?

    Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to %e

    %ased on his Fourteen Points

    $e %elieved "ermany should %e punished%ut not severely# $e wanted a /ustsettlement that would not leave "ermanyfeeling resentful

    Wilson wanted to set up an internationalorganisation called The League of

    Nations which would settle disputes

    he .merican pu%lic did not support him#hey were fed up with involvement in0uropean affairs# he S. %ecame more

    isolationist#

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    What were the terms of the reaty of 2ersailles?

    o do with "ermany3s armed forces :

    he "erman army was to %e reduced to 144,444 men# &t wasnot allowed to havetan!s#

    "ermany was not allowed an airforce

    he area !nown as the Rhineland was to %e de(militarised

    he .llies were to occupythe west %an! of the Rhinefor

    fifteen years

    he "erman navy was to have no su%marinesor large%attle(ships

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    144,444

    5e(militarised

    he 6ilitaryClauses

    http://search.ebay.com/_W0QQsassZcentroeuropa

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    erritorial 'osses

    "ermany lost .'' of her overseascolonies

    .lsace('orraine was given to

    France

    http://www.frenchwayoflife.net/int/map.asp

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    0upen and 6almedywere given to )elgium

    7orth(Schleswigwas given to5enmar!

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eiderstedt-marshland.jpg

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    8osen was given to 8oland so that shewould have access to the )altic Sea#his area %ecame !nown as the 8olishCorridor# &t meant that 0ast 8russia

    was cut off from the rest of "ermany#

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    he Rhinelandwas to %e de(militaried

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    he Saar coalfieldswere given toFrance for fifteen years

    he port of 5anig was made a Free Cityunder the control of the 'eague of 7ations

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    "The Allied and Associated Governments

    affirm, and Germany accepts, theresponsibility of Germany and her Allies forcausing all the loss and damage to which theAllied and Associate Governments and theirnationals have been subjected as a

    consequence of a war imposed upon themby the aggression of Germany and herAllies."

    Article !

    he War "uilt Clause

    "0R6.7 .CC0805R0S8;7S&)&'& F;R

    S.R&7" $0 W.R

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    R08.R.&;7S

    "ermany agreed to pay for the damage

    caused %y her armies during the war# hesum she had to pay was later fi,>44 million

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    "ermany was for%idden to unite with .ustria

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    $ow did "ermans React to the reaty?

    "ermans thought the reaty was a*di!tat+ : a dictated peace#

    hey had not %een invited to the peace conference at 2ersaillesand when the reaty was presented to them they werethreatened with war if they did not sign it#

    he reaty was 7; %ased on Wilson3s Fourteen 8ointsas the

    "ermans had %een promised it would#

    6ost "ermans %elieved that the War "uilt Clause wasun/ustified# he French and )ritish had done /ust as much tostart the war

    he loss of territory and populationangered most "ermans who%elieved that the losses were too severe#

    6any "ermans %elieved the "erman economy would %e crippled

    %y having to pay reparations#

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    The Treaty of Versailles was signed on #th $une %%. &tofficially ended the st 'orld 'ar. (any historians believe

    that it was a major cause of the nd 'orld 'ar.(ost Germans were horrified by the harshness of the

    Treaty. There was anger amongst all groups in Germany,no matter what their political beliefs. )ome Germannewspapers called for revenge for the humiliation of

    Versailles.

    *owever anger was also directed against the governmentin Germany. Already there was a myth growing in the

    country that the German army had been +stabbed in thebac- by politiciansthe so called +/ovember 0riminals-./ow these same politicians had signed the +1itat-, the

    dictated peace. The new democracyin Germany was nowclosely lined with the humiliationof Versailles.


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