CONTENTS• Introduction

• Definition

• What are Conductive and Transparent materials?

• Technologies used

• Explanation

• Fabrication of Epitaxial films

• Manufacturing

• Combining Optical Transparency and Electrical conductivity

• Advancements in Technology

• Advantages

• Applications

• Solar windows

• Types of OLEDs

• Future Gadgets

• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Transparent Electronics is an

emerging science and

technology which aims to

produce invisible electronic

circuits and optoelectronic

devices

Definition

A Technology that is both electrically

conductive and optically transparent

Means which conduct electrically and

absorb all the colours without reflecting any

of them

CONDUCTIVE AND TRANSPARENT

Conductive material

A conductive material has fermi level of completely filled valance

band and conduction band

Transparent material

A transparent material is an insulator which posses completely

filled valance band and empty conduction band

TECHNOLOGIES USED

• Mainly two technologies are used

• Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO)

• Transparent Thin Film Transistor (TTFT)

EXPLANATIONTRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE

Oxides like ZnO , SnOInSnO , In2O3 , SnO2 , CdO used

in achieving optical Transparency along with Electrical

conductivity,employs at low and room temperature.

TRANSPARENT THIN FILM TRANSISTOR

A special kind of FET made by depositing thin films of

semiconductor active layer , dielectric layer and metallic contacts

over a supporting substrate(Glass). It provides high voltage gain

, heat dissipation , radiation tolerances over semiconductor based

TFTs.

FABRICATION OF EPITAXIAL FILMS

Epitaxial films of semiconductors are fabricated by Conventional Vapor Phase Epitaxy techniques

RF Sputtering

Vacuum Evaporation

Chemical Vapor Phase Deposition

Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Pulsed Laser Deposition

These methods cannot be applied to the growth of Transparent Oxide Semiconductor Substrate.

Fig. RF Sputtering Fig. Vacuum Evaporation

Fig. Molecular Beam Epitaxy Fig. Pulsed Laser Deposition

• A new Technique called Reactive Solid-Phase Epitaxy (RSPE). In this solid state reaction reaction leads to the formation of a thin , single crystalline layer on the substrate ZnO or InGaO3.

COMBINING OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY WITH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

• To become Transparent Conducting Oxide(TCO) these aredoped with some oxides In2O3,SnO2,ZnO , CdO to displacethe fermi level up into the conduction band which provides

1.The high mobility of extracarriers due to theirsmall effective mass.

2.Low optical absorption dueto the low density of statesin the conduction band.

ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY

• TRRAM (Transparent Resistive RAM)

• provides non-volatile memory means data don’t lost when power off and provides a transmittance of 81% in the visible region.

• ReRAM (memristor)

• It significantly stores more memory and demand less energy and space to

store data. Whose electrical resistance changes when voltage is applied.

ADVANTAGES

• Robust Design

• Viewing Angles

• Stability

• Ease of Production

• Economical

• Environment Friendly

• Electronic Paper

• The Smart Solar Window, which is basically a

window capable of harnessing the power of the

sun and turning it into precious energy for your

electronics and gadgets.

TYPES OF OLEDs

• Transparent OLED

• Top emitting OLED

• Foldable OLED

• White OLED

• Active matrix OLED

• Passive matrix OLED

FUTURE GADGETS

CONCLUSION

• Great impact on human machine interaction

• Lead to new applications

• Cause environmental challenges as currently using IC device

REFERENCES

1. Hiromichi OTHA journal of ceramic society Japan

2. Transparent electronics: from synthesis to applications Wiley publications: Antonio Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks.

3.“Transparent solar cells." PHYSorg.com. 2 Jun 2009.

http://phys.org/news163180542.html