Transport through the Cell Membrane
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Transcript of Transport through the Cell Membrane
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Transport through the
Cell Membrane
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Passive TransportMovement across a cell membrane that does not require energy
2 examples:Diffusion
Osmosis
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DiffusionMovement of a substance from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations
Ex. Food coloring in water
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Concentration GradientDifference in the concentration of a substance
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Equilibrium
Concentration of a substance is equal throughout an area
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Facilitated DiffusionType of passive transport that uses proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.
Ex: There are specific proteins that help move sugars into the cell
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Ion Channels
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OsmosisDiffusion of water
http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=5165 - Osmosis in lettuce
Why should you gargle with salt water when you have a sore throat?
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Answer
Pain caused by swelling of throat tissues (these contain water)
Salt water has a lower concentration of water than the throat tissues.
When a person gargles with salt water, the water from the throat tissues moves to the salt water.
Loss of water from throat tissue results in less swelling and pain.
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Question
Why do plants along side of the road die after a winter where roads were heavily salted? Explain in terms of osmosis.
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Answer
The higher than normal amount of salt in the plants’ environment causes their cells to lose water through osmosis.
Their leaves begin to look they have been through a very hot, dry summer.
Eventually the plants die because they do not have enough water to live.
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Question
Why do wooden drawers of a dresser become sticky after a rain storm or a high humidity day? Explain in terms of osmosis.
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Answer
On very wet days, wooden drawers in dressers absorb water from the air because of osmosis. This absorption warps the wood, making the opening and closing of drawers difficult. In drier weather water is lost from the wood, and the drawers return to their normal size.
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Movement of Water
Solute: the substance that is dissolved in a solution, the smaller amount.Solvent: dissolves the solute in a solution, the larger amount
Ex: Make a solution of saltwater.Solute: SaltSolvent: Water
Water is the universal solvent.
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Hypertonic solution: solution is more concentrated (more solute), water moves out of the cell
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Hypotonic solution: solution has a lower concentration (less solute) water moves into the cell
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Isotonic: concentration is equal (equal amts of solute), no water movement
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Hypertonic, Hypotonic and Isotonic Solutions
If the fluid outside the cell has……
ThenOutsideFluid is……
Waterdiffuses……
Effect on Cell
Higher solute concentration than the inside
Hypertonic Out of cell Cell Shrinks
Lower concentration than the inside
Hypotonic Into cell Cell swells
Equal concentration to the inside
Isotonic Equally Cell stays the same size
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Questions
1. Why are green leafy vegetables sprinkled with water at the supermarket?
2. Why is salt sometimes used to preserve food?
3. Why should you not drink sea water?
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Answers
1. This prevents them from wilting due to water loss
2. Because a salt solution is hypertonic , the microorganisms present on the foods shrink and die.
3. Sea water contains high concentrations of solutes. Cells in the body lose water because of osmosis, possibly causing death.
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http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html
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Active TransportChapter 4.2
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Active Transport
Transport of substances against their concentration gradient, uses energy
Energy is in the form of ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
Carrier proteins help move substances
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
Transports sodium and potassium Ions against their concentration gradient
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Chapter 4
Cells and Their Environment
Sodium-potassium pump
pumps three
sodium ions
out of the cell
pumps two
potassium ions
into the cell
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Sodium Potassium Pump
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120068/bio03.swf::Sodium-Potassium%20Exchange%20Pump
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Movement in Vesicles
Many substances, such as proteins and polysaccharides, are too large to be transported by carrier proteins.
These substances are moved across the cell membrane by vesicles.
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Movement in Vesicles
Endocytosis: movement of a substance into the cell.
Cell membrane forms a pouch and pinches off
Exocytosis: movement of a substance out of the cell
Vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and empty their contents outside the cell.
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Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
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Review of Cell Processes
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120068/bio02.swf Exo and Endo animation
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/get_chapter_group.htm?cin=2&rg=animated_biology&at=animated_biology&var=animated_biology
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html