Transport Energy Efficiency
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Transcript of Transport Energy Efficiency
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/transport-energy-efficiency 1/23
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Engine conversion oftricycle taxis
The Philippine experience in usingsmall scale transport methodology
AMS III.AA
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Outline• Tricycles in the Philippines
• Project Rationale
• AMS III.AA Methodology
• Using standardized baseline for AMS III.AA
• Issues / Challenges
• Conclusion / Recommendations
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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12 in a Tricycle . . . 15 in a Tricycle!!!
Tricycle – common transportation
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Tricycles in the Philippines
• evolved from Kalesa
• 1,300,000 registered tricycles in the Philippines
• wide variety of driving conditions• refurbished forever and ever
• No AC.
• easy to maintain / operate
• no special skills necessary to operate
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/transport-energy-efficiency 9/23
Human Impact ofDirty 2-Stroke Pollution
•
Residents of many Asian cities must wear masks or breathethrough rags
• Commercial taxi drivers often suffer the highest rates ofrespiratory illness; a World Bank study shows drivers are too sickto drive 7 days each month
• School children are among the most frequent passengers andare particularly vulnerable & disproportionately affected
• Many Asian cities are heavily dependent on commercial dirty2-stroke vehicle transportation
• In the Philippines, dirty 2-stroke taxi’s provide the primary incomefor ≈ 1.3 million working class families
Huge environmental & health issue
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Human Impact of Pollution - Philippines
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Rational• Dirty 2-stroke units are
high emitters of CO, HC,and particulates
• (1 tricycle => 50automobiles)
• A 2-stroke ban is anunrealistic & ineffectivesolution:
• Carbureted 4-strokes
offer limited GHGemissions reduction
• direct injection 2-stroke
engines are cleanerthan carbureted 4-stroke engines
• Carbureted 4-stroke
replacement is veryexpensive and deliverszero economic paybackto the driver
• Dirty 2-stroke units willmerely be transferredelsewhere
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/transport-energy-efficiency 12/23
Approved AMS III.AAApplicability:
• Vehicles for commercial passenger
transport• Vehicles of the same type, fuel
• Using a constant route both in baseline and
project case.• Measures are less than 60,000 tCO2e
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Standardized Baseline
conditions• need for both retrofit technology provider and adequate
volume of vehicles to be retrofitted.• alternatives to commercial/public transportation is
limited either due to infrastructure and/or resourcelimitations.
• AMS III.AA - public transport vehicles
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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AMS III.AA Baseline
• Vehicle using inefficient technology with a potential foremission reduction using a newer technology
• constant route in baseline and project case
• using baseline emission factor per kilometer(tCO2e/km)
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/transport-energy-efficiency 15/23
Monitoring
• Simplified monitoring is based on the assumption ofconstant route.
• Number of operating project vehicles (theoretical)
• Fuel efficiency of baseline vehicles (95% confidence)
• Fuel efficiency of project vehicles (95% confidence)
• Annual distance (odometer reading)
• Share of project vehicles in operation (actual based onsurvey) - % of retrofitted vehicles still in operation
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Additionality
• positive lists (suggested) - countries with low efficiency(more than 10 years old) public transportation of more
than 1million.• Options similar to AMS III.C
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Standardized Additionality
Demonstration (sample)
Is technology
penetration less than
5%
Are market incentive
necessary to increase
technology penetration?
ADDITIONAL NOT ADDITIONAL
YES
NO
NO
YES
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Project Issues &Challenges• Communicating local conditions
• User Perception
• Market penetration
• R&D costs
• Funding
• Economies of scale vs. Market conditions
• Model specific retrofit kits
• Country/community specific practices (TODAs)
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/transport-energy-efficiency 19/23
CDM related issues and challenges•Lack of data – data must be generated and verifiable todetermine an appropriate baseline.
•Constant route - may not be the case in practice for mosttricycle taxi situations in the developing countries.
•Vehicle lifetime - forever? How to prove and validate lifetimeof vehicles used for a very long time. How to prove
conservativeness of data?•Baseline fuel efficiency (how to measure efficiency under awide variety of driving conditions, weather conditions andpractices)
•CDM Specific research and surveys (lifetime, efficiency,distance)
•Freight vehicles - why not?
C l i /
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Conclusions / Recommendations•Specific conditions for project implementation
•Project developers and CDM consultants need tothink differently for small scale transport projects.
(timing, data gathering etc)•Additions to transaction costs due to projectspecific data gathering and research.
•Need for country specific baseline data to be
easily accessible - standardized baseline
•Necessity of PoA for small transport projects
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/transport-energy-efficiency 21/23
CaFiS Inc.Carbon Finance
Solutions
+63 2 891 1119
8/4/2019 Transport Energy Efficiency
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Maraming SalamatAlan Silayan, Managing Director
CaFiS Inc.