TRANSFUSI DARAH Transfusi darah Transfusi darah

History and Significance

First blood transfusionRichard lower (1665)Animal to animal

Jean Denis (1667) Animal to human

Lewisohn (1914) - used citrate

Human to human - James Blundell 1818

- Philip (1825) First human blood transfusionLandsteiner (1900) The elucidation of the ABO blood group system

(1940) Landsteiner and Wiener, in describe Rh typing

World war I How to store blood longer ?

World war II

Is there any suitable Blood Substitutes

Blood TransfusionSuccessful blood transfusion is relatively recent Crossmatching Anticoagulation Plastic storage container

Transfusi darah Autolog = darah pasien sendiri Allogenik = darah orang lain

Tujuan transfusi: Meningkatkan oxygen carrying capacity/delivery Koreksi defisit faktor koagulasi Additional intravascular fluid volume

NILAI NILAI NORMAL DARAH pH : 7.4 Volume Darah : 70-80 CC/KGbb Hemoglobin : Pria = 14-16 gr% Wanita = 12-14 gr% Hematokrit : Pria = 42-50% Wanita = 40-48% Eritrosit : 5.000.000/mm3 Leukosit : 8.000/mm3 Trombosit : 200.000-350.000/mm3

KOMPONEN KOMPONEN DARAH Darah Lengkap Packed Red Cells Fresh Plasma Fresh-frozen Plasma Platelet Rich Plasma Platelet Concentrate Cryoprecipitate

BLOOD THERAPHY Langkah awal : tentukan gol darah donor dan resipien Penggolongan rutin berdasarkan antigen pada membran eritrosit (A, B, Rh)

CROSS MATCH Mayor: eritrosit donor di inkubasi dengan plasma resipien Minor: eritrosit resipien diinkubasi dengan plasma donor Terjadi Aglutinasi incompatible pada mayor dan minor

TRANSFUSI EMERGENCY Diperlukan transfusi segera sebelum tes compatibility selesai Opsi pertama: dilakukan partial cross-match (eritrosit donor dicampur dengan plasma resipien, sentrifuse dan observasi makroskopik aglutinasi) [waktu