Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

A Big Training Challenge Looking for a Solution

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

“The key feature of this system that make it susceptible to breakdown are that it is constructed of fallible agents (people) that may occasionally make errors in

performing task or processing information”.

Reference: NASA Technical Memo, “AltitudeDeviations: Breakdowns of an Error TolerantSystem”.

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

First Some Definitions Deviation: An action of or by a pilot that

results in a failure to comply with an ATC clearance 2 - Types of Deviations

Airspace Violations - Horizontal Altitude Violations - Vertical

Incursion: Same as a deviation but occurring on the airport surface

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

What is the Problem?

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and

Incursions

Runway Incursions (2nd Quarter 2008)

51 events - pilots entering or crossing runway and hold short lines after reading back hold short instructions

48 events - pilots entering or crossing runway and hold short lines, hold short read back not required

36 events – pilots landed or departed without clearance

29 events – pilot taxied wrong route and entered runway or crossed hold short lines

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

20

128

0

50

100

150

Taxiing out 128

Landed/taxiing in 20

Pilot Deviations

Top Five Airports – Runway and Taxi Incursion ATL VGT DFW SFO ORD

Taxi Incursions

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and

Incursions

Altitude Clearance Violations:October, 2007 through June 2008

79

57 5772

63 69

106 109

66

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and

Incursions

Airspace Violations Minus ADIZ:October, 2007 through June, 2008

36

28

18

27

1925

18

37

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

Examples Runway Incursion Altitude Deviation Airspace Deviation

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

What is Causing these Problem…Any

Common Threads?

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

Causes GAO Report indicates that the rate of incursions

are increasing and are approaching the peak levels seen in 2001. Reasons cited: Technology Challenges Lack of Pertinent Data Human Factor Issues

FAA data indicates the most common factor cited for losing track of location is that pilot is “heads down” programming FMC, conducting checklists or talking to company/FBO

ASAP root cause often related to CRM

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

Causes GAO Report indicates that the rate of incursions are

increasing and are approaching the peak levels seen in 2001. Reasons cited: Technology Challenges Lack of Pertinent Data Human Factor Issues

FAA data indicates the most common factor cited for losing track of location is that pilot is “heads down” programming FMC, conducting checklists or talking to company/FBO)

ASAP root cause often related to CRM

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

What is Needed to Solve the Problem More Data Awareness Understanding of Human Factors

Ergonomics Procedures

Checklist Design “Culture”

Training Technology Experience Enforcement

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

What is Needed to Solve the Problem More Data Awareness Understanding of Human Factors

Ergonomics Procedures

Checklist Design “Culture”

Training Technology Experience Enforcement

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

“Focused” Training Model

NeedTraining

DataOthers

OperationsSafetyFAA

RootCause

Objectives to Address Root Cause(s)

Train

Knowledge Skills Performance

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

What Might We Train? Knowledge

Policy: Automation “Heads-up” Sterile Cockpit

Procedures Man Machine Theory

Operating in an Error Tolerant System Skills

FMS Usage Auto-flight Man machine protocol

Performance Realistic Training Devices

Modeled Airports Ground and Air “Chatter” Realistic Scenario Training (LOE and LOFTS)

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

Questions

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursion

Backup

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

Runway Incursion: Pilot Deviations (PD): what we’re focused on here today

The other two classifications of Runway Incursion include:

Operational Error/Deviation (OE/D): The failure of an air traffic controller to follow procedures resulting in loss of separation or instructing an aircraft to takeoff or land on a closed runway.

Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations (PP/D): Any unauthorized entry to an airport Movement Area by a vehicle or pedestrian or failure to follow procedures and/or Air Traffic Instruction.

Trainings to AvoidDeviations and Incursions

FY 2008 YTD (06/29/08)

PD64%

V/PD 21%

OE/D 15%

PD60%

V/PD25%

OE/D15%

FY 2004-2007