Pilot deviations including runway incursions module 8 core topic 15

Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners

By: The FAASTeam

Date: July 1 to September 30, 2012

Federal AviationAdministrationFAASTeam FAASTeam

CFI Workshop 8CFI Workshop 8

Module 8, Core Topics 15:

Pilot Deviations Including Runway Incursions

2Federal AviationAdministration

FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8

July 1 through September 30, 2012


Module 8 – Core Topic 15Pilot Deviations, Including

Runway Incursions:• Educate your students to recognize the potential

for Pilot Deviations during all Areas of Operation• Create and demonstrate situations that will

enable students to experience various types of Pilot Deviations first hand in the training environment.

• Teach and practice strategies to mitigate Pilot Deviations dependant on distractions and/or cockpit confusion.

Are all of your students registered at FAASafety.gov?




Definitions

What is a runway incursion?

Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.

Definition according to ICAO




Definitions

What is a pilot deviation?

A pilot deviation (PD) is an action of a pilot that violates any Federal Aviation Regulation.

Definition according to Department of Transportation




Definitions

What is an Operational Error?

An operational error (OE) is an action of an air traffic controller that results in: Less than the required minimum separation between two or more aircraft, or between an aircraft and obstacles (e.g., vehicles, equipment, personnel on runways). An aircraft landing or departing on a runway closed to aircraft.





Definitions

What is a vehicle/pedestrian deviation?

A vehicle or pedestrian deviation (V/PD) includes pedestrians, vehicles, or other objects interfering with aircraft operations by entering or moving on the movement area without authorization from air traffic control.





http://www.faa.gov/airports/runway_safety




Classifications of Runway Incursion

Category D

Little or no chance of collision but meets the definition of a runway incursion

Definitions according to FAA Office of Runway Safety





Category C

Separation decreases but there is ample time and distance to avoid a potential collision






Category B

Separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision






Category A

Separation decreases and participants take extreme action to narrowly avoid a collision, or the event results in a collision






Category E

Does not fit into any other category





DOT/FAA

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What can you do to reduce runway incursions?

• Plan your surface operations• Employ cockpit discipline• Understand taxi procedures• Make proper use of aircraft lights• Use proper communication techniques• Understand/recognize airport signs and

markings• STAY ALERT – Look both ways prior to

crossing any runways!




Planning Surface Operations

• Pre plan taxi routes at departure and destination airports

• Ensure you have an accurate, up to date airport diagram available

• Review NOTAM’s and ATIS for possible construction impacts – rwy/twy closures

• Look for “hot spots”– Jeppesen airport diagrams – FAA charts




Verify Compass heading to confirm proper runway taxiway selection.




Cockpit Discipline

• Minimize distractions during critical phases– Taxi for takeoff is where majority of RIs occur– Delay checklists and “cleanup” until off the runway

• Recognize when you need to have “heads up”– Any time the plane is moving but…– Especially when approaching a runway or an intersecting taxiway

• Write down taxi routes and clearances– From RIIEP – 72% of pilots who had incursion DID NOT

• Use the airport diagram during taxi– From RIIEP – 47% of pilots who had Rwy inc DID NOT

• Verbalize critical instructions to other crew members– Hold Short or Crossing instructions




Pilot Deviations What’s the Problem?




• TFR – Temporary Flight Restriction

• SFRA – Special Flight Rules Area

• MOA – Military Operations Area

• ADIZ – Air Defense Identification Zone

• Prohibited – From the surface to defined limit

• Alert – Informs of a high volume of aerial activity

• Warning – Areas 3 NM beyond the US coast, possible hazardous activity




Other Possible Deviations

• Altitude • Heading• Course• Speed• Crossing restrictions




Helpful Tips

• Watch where you are going!• Pay attention!• When in doubt, ask for help!• Don’t rush• Don’t cut corners• Use the checklist• Keep maps, diagrams and flight plans

available• Use reminders




SITUATIONAL AWARENESS WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE!




FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8Module 8, Core Topic #15

Questions?

Comments?

Ideas?

Quiz time ~




1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing.

a. True

b. False

2. At a Towered airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should

a. Consult your taxi chart

b. Ask ATC

c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger

d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.




3. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator??

a. Yes

b. No

4. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan.

a. True

b. False

DOT/FAA

formatted the questions to make them uniform with the others i.e. multiple choice.




5. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general?

a. Communications

b. Airport Knowledge

c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation

d. Distraction

e. All of the above

Answers Follow –




1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing.a. Trueb. False

b. False - Airplane Flying Handbook2. At a Towered airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi

after landing, you shoulda. Consult your taxi chartb. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passengerd. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.

b. Ask ATC - Airplane Flying Handbook




3. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator??

“YES” – FAA, Office of Runway Safety.

4. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False?

“False’ – AIM, Section 5 and Airplane Flying

Handbook




5. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general?

a. Communications

b. Airport Knowledge

c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation

d. Distraction

e. All of the above

e. All of the above - Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3A) page 1-5




This CompletesThis Completes CFI Workshop Module 8CFI Workshop Module 8

ANDAND

The Second CFI Workshop SeriesThe Second CFI Workshop Series

CONGRATULATIONS!CONGRATULATIONS!

Pilot deviations including runway incursions module 8 core topic 15

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