Training the World’s Best Aviators
description
Transcript of Training the World’s Best Aviators
![Page 1: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Training the World’s Best Aviators
![Page 2: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7 out of 10 Atmosphere & Airmasses,
Pressure & Winds,
Stability and Clouds
7 out of 10 Frontal Weather
7 out of 10 Weather Hazards
7 out of 10 Weather Reports & Forecasts
7 out of 10 Weather Charts
Avn Weather Exam –
![Page 4: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why is weather important?
Weather affects everything we do!
![Page 5: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is weather?The state of the atmosphere with respect
to temperature, moisture content, turbulence, and cloudiness.
• Air temperature
• Humidity
• Clouds
• Precipitation
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Wind
![Page 6: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Terminal Learning Objective
ACTION: Plan a flight for weather considerations
CONDITION: Acting as an aviator and given an IFR or VFR flight mission and available weather information.
STANDARD: In accordance with (IAW) Army Regulation (AR) 95-1, and Field Manual (FM) 1-230
![Page 7: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Enabling Learning Objective A
ACTION: Identify the composition of the atmosphere and its effects on weather.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the atmosphere.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 2-1 thru 2-2
![Page 8: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
78%
NITROGEN
OXYGEN21%
OTHER GASES1%
Dry Air
![Page 9: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Natural Air =
Dry air + Condensation Nuclei and Water Vapor
![Page 10: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ACTION: The student will identify the layers of the atmosphere, height, and in which layer weather occurs.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the atmosphere.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 2-3
Enabling Learning Objective B
![Page 11: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Layers of Atmosphere
- Troposphere
- Tropopause
- Stratosphere
![Page 12: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stratosphere
![Page 16: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ACTION: The student will identify the atmospheric circulation, Coriolis force, and the three-cell theory.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the atmosphere.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 6-2, 3, 4
Enabling Learning Objective C
![Page 17: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Atmospheric circulation begins with uneven heating.
![Page 18: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
H
H
L L L
![Page 19: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Uneven heating from the sun
Atmospheric circulation is modified by…
![Page 21: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Uneven heating from the sunCoriolis Force – The apparent force
caused by the unequal speed of rotation of the earth’s surface. This force deflects non-steerable bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
Atmospheric circulation is modified by…
![Page 22: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Uneven heating from the sunCoriolis Force – The apparent force
caused by the unequal speed of rotation of the earth’s surface. This force deflects non-steerable bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Tilt of the earth
Atmospheric circulation is modified by…
![Page 23: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
H
H
L L LH HHH
HHHHL
L L
L
![Page 24: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
H
H
L L L
H HHH
L
L L
L
L
L L
HHH H
![Page 26: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
H
H
L L L
H HHH
L
L L
L
L
L L
HHH H
Global Circulation
![Page 27: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Local circulation discussed in future classes
![Page 29: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ACTION: The student will identify the four types of heat transfer.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about heat energy.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-5
Enabling Learning Objective D
![Page 30: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER
• RADIATION
![Page 31: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER
• RADIATION• CONDUCTION• CONVECTION
Strongest thermal currents created over landmass during daylight
hours
![Page 33: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER
• RADIATION• CONDUCTION• CONVECTION• ADVECTION
![Page 34: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Insolation
![Page 35: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Terrestrial Radiation
![Page 36: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Conduction
InsolationInsolation
![Page 37: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Conduction
![Page 38: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Convection
AdvectionAdvection
![Page 39: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Sea Breeze Effect
![Page 40: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Land Breeze Effect
![Page 41: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Be back prior to arrival at OZR. (ETA 00+10)
![Page 42: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ACTION: The student will identify the relationship of temperature with altitude change, to include temperature inversions.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about the temperature.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-7b
Enabling Learning Objective E
![Page 43: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
A MEASUREMENT OF THE LEVEL OF INTENSITY OF HEAT ENERGY
MEASURED IN DEGREES CELSIUS
Temperature
![Page 44: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Warmest temperatures near ground
• Decreases with altitude
• Standard Lapse Rate
• OLR – Observed Lapse Rate
![Page 45: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
TEMPERATUREINVERSIONS
WARMER AIR ABOVE COLDER AIR
• NOCTURNAL
• FRONTAL
![Page 47: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Best conditions for nocturnal inversion - clear and cool night
![Page 48: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Overcast Sky / Greenhouse Effect
prevents a temperature inversion
![Page 49: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
03o C 05o C0o C
![Page 50: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
ACTION: The student will identify the characteristics, classification, stability and movement of an air mass.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about air masses.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 Chapter 9
Enabling Learning Objective F
![Page 57: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
AIR MASS - A LARGE BODY OF AIR WHOSE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ARE HORIZONTALLY UNIFORM
TEMP 2° CDP -10° C
TEMP 30° CDP 25° C
![Page 58: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
North American High
Siberian High
Icelandic High
Bermuda High
Pineapple High
![Page 61: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
AIR MASSCLASSIFICATION
c = CONTINENTAL AIR MASS
(DRY AIR)
m = MARITIME AIR MASS
(MOIST AIR)
![Page 63: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
AIR MASSCLASSIFICATION
A = ARCTIC AIR MASS (70° TO 90°)
P = POLAR AIR MASS (40° T0 60°)
T = TROPICAL AIR MASS (10° TO 30°)
E = EQUATORIAL AIR MASS (O° TO 10°)
![Page 64: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
AIR MASSCLASSIFICATION
cP Continental Polar
Maritime Polar
mT Maritime Tropical warm, moist
cT Continental Tropical warm, dry
cold, moist
cold, dry
mP
Continental Arctic
Equatorial
cA
E
coldest, dry
warmest, moist
![Page 65: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
AIR MASSSTABILITY
w = Stable
k = Unstable
![Page 67: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
20°c
35°c
0°c
15°c
Stable air mass: air is warmer than the ground indicated by the symbol - w
![Page 68: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
AIR MASS CHARACTERISTICS
W TYPE AIR MASS
• STRATUS CLOUDS• FOG• LOW CEILINGS• POOR VISIBILITY• SMOOTH FLYING CONDITIONS• LIGHT OR CALM WINDS• CONTINOUS LIGHT RAIN• USUALLY IFR CONDITIONS
![Page 69: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Unstable air mass: air is colder than the ground indicated by the symbol - K
35°c20°c
15°c
0°c
![Page 70: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
AIR MASS CHARACTERISTICSK TYPE AIR MASS
• CUMULUS CLOUDS• HIGH CEILINGS• GOOD VISIBILITY• TURBULENCE• GUSTY SURFACE WINDS• THUNDERSTORMS, HEAVY RAIN SHOWERS, HAIL, LIGHTNING
![Page 71: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Hailstone sizeMeasurement Updraft Speed
in. cm. mph m/s
bb < 1/4 < 0.64 < 24 < 11
pea 1/4 0.64 24 11
marble 1/2 1.3 35 16
dime 7/10 1.8 38 17
penny 3/4 1.9 40 18
nickel 7/8 2.2 46 21
quarter 1 2.5 49 22
half dollar 1 1/4 3.2 54 24
walnut 1 1/2 3.8 60 27
golf ball 1 3/4 4.4 64 29
hen egg 2 5.1 69 31
tennis ball 2 1/2 6.4 77 34
baseball 2 3/4 7.0 81 36
tea cup 3 7.6 84 38
grapefruit 4 10.1 98 44
softball 4 1/2 11.4 103 46
![Page 72: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
AIR MASSCLASSIFICATION
cPk
mPk Maritime Polar unstable
mTw Maritime Tropical stable
Continental Tropical unstable
Continental Polar unstable
cTk
cPk
cTk
mPk
mTw
![Page 73: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
ACTION: The student will identify the typical weather associated with air masses.
CONDITION: Given pertinent information about a type of air mass.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 Chapter 9
Enabling Learning Objective G
![Page 75: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
FM 1-230 References for today
• Atmosphere 2-1 thru 2-3
• Temperature 3-1 thru 3-5
• Atmospheric Circulation 6-1 thru 6-5
• Air Masses 9-1 thru 9-11
![Page 76: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
FM 1-230 Referencesfor tomorrow…
• Pressure 5-1 thru 5-7
• Atmospheric Circulation 6-6 thru 6-8
![Page 77: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Safety First…
“Nothing we do is worth an accident.”
![Page 78: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
STOPSTOP
Abandon hope all ye who enter hereAbandon hope all ye who enter here
You are entering the hidden slide ZoneYou are entering the hidden slide Zone
![Page 80: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
QUESTIONS
??
![Page 85: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Training the World’s Best Aviators](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103006/56813b64550346895da462e5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)