Tradd Cotter Mushroom Cultivation, CFSA SAC 2015
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Transcript of Tradd Cotter Mushroom Cultivation, CFSA SAC 2015
Mushroom MountainSpecialty Mushrooms and Product
DevelopmentTradd Cotter
Mushroom Mountain, LLCLiberty, SC
LARGE SCALE CULTIVATION OF PSILOCYBIN CUBENSIS AT
HOMEFOR FUN AND PROFIT
I
Iam
Iama
Iama
mushroom
Jack o’lanternOmphalotus illudens
LAB 1
LAB 2
COMPOSTINGFRUITING
PACKING
Alcohol inkyCoprinus atramentarius
Types of Spawn
• Plug (Outdoor log and stump cultivation)• Sawdust• Grain (rye, wheat, millet, milo)• Compost• Other (soaked corn cobs, nutrified perlite)
SPAWN
Dowels or “Plugs”
Sawdust
Grooved Dowels
Log and Stump Cultivation
Log and Stump Cultivation
• Spawn Run• Storage and Stacking• Water requirements / Soaking• Fruiting Parameters and cycles• Yields and expectations
“Diamond” Drilling Pattern
Positions Spawn Run
Log and Stump CultivationSOAKING
• Replenishes lost water• Swells dehydrated mycelium• Signals biomass there is enough internal
moisture to produce viable fruit• Evaporation creates a slight drop in log
temperature
Green Heron Growers, NY
SOAKING TO INITIATE FRUITING CYCLE12-24 HOURS
Shiitake Yields
• Average 2 pounds per log per year• Investment of $3-4 in plugs per log• Lifetime of log return 10 pounds (6-8 inch log)• Price per pound varies with quality ($8-15/lb)
ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND SPECIES
ADDITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND SPECIES
MaitakeGrifola frondosa
Chicken of the WoodsLaetiporus sulphureus
Mushrooms on Wood Chips and Composts
Wood Chip Cultivation
King StrophariaStropharia rugoso-annulata
King Stropharia Yields
• Average 3-5 pounds per year (4x4x1)• Investment of $30 per cubic yard of chips• Lifetime of return 6-10 pounds (2 years)• Price per pound varies with quality ($8-15/lb)
BlewitClitocybe nuda
PARASOLLepiota procera
Cultivating on Ag waste and Weeds
• Spent Coffee• Cereal Straw (oat, wheat, rye)• Cotton Waste• Corn Waste• Kudzu• Water Hyacinth
Vegetable Foliage Recycled and Used for Mushroom Cultivation Media
SUBSTRATE DENSITY
HOT WATER PASTERURIZATION1-2 HOURS AT 160 F (71 C)
Electric Winch
DRAIN, COOL, AND SPAWN
SPAWN RUN
MONITOR INTERNAL TEMPERATURES
VOLUME : EXPOSED SURFACE
OVERPINNING AND CROP FAILURES
STERILIZED SUBSTRATES
INDOORS
Sterilized Substrates• Autoclave or Pressure cooker required• Clean room required (HEPA) for transfers• High Energy Inputs / Rapid and high yielding
RETORT AUTOCLAVE – DOUBLE ENDED
Bagged Substrate
Maitake (Grifola frondosa) Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)
Yield Calculators
Spawning Schedule
Columns/day 100 106.0 factor
Sum of green
= 12.5 12.5 13.0 13.0
times per week 4
Cost Per Total Columns per Week 400
Column Costs Trailers Needed: 41.25 (40 Footers) OR
Plastic $2.00 Estimated Pounds Per Week 6400 Square Footage Needed: 17600
#of col/wk/3 - why? Media $2.00 Wholesale Value Per Pound $3.00
bags 133.3 Spawn $3.00 Total Value Per Week $19,200.00
Propane $2.00 Column Costs Per Week $3,600.00
Labor Expenses Per Week $1,200 2 PERSONS
Total each $9.00 Week cost $4,800.00
Week Net $14,400.00
Year Net $748,800.00
Spawning Schedule
Columns/day 100 106.0 factor
Sum of green
= 12.5 12.5 13.0 13.0
times per week 4
Cost Per Total Columns per Week 400
Column Costs Trailers Needed: 41.25 (40 Footers) OR
Plastic $2.00 Estimated Pounds Per Week 6400 Square Footage Needed: 17600
#of col/wk/3 - why? Media $2.00 Wholesale Value Per Pound $3.00
bags 133.3 Spawn $3.00 Total Value Per Week $19,200.00
Propane $2.00 Column Costs Per Week $3,600.00
Labor Expenses Per Week $1,200 2 PERSONS
Total each $9.00 Week cost $4,800.00
Week Net $14,400.00
Year Net $748,800.00
ENCLOSED FRUITING ROOM CONCEPTS
• FLUID INTERNAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN / MOVING WALLS
• INTEGRATED PLANT BIOMASS - OFFSET CO2 PRODUCTION FROM FUNGI
• PORTABLE ALGAL SCRUBBING UNITS AND BIOFUEL POTENTIAL
• AIR LAYERING CONCEPTS
PARTITION STRUCTURES TO ACCOMMODATE FRUITING CYCLES
CONVERTING EXISTING - DETERMINE PERCENTAGE IN WEEKS FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
EX. SHIITAKE
6 WEEKS COLONIZATION2 WEEKS BROWNING1 WEEK FLUSH 13 WEEKS REST1 WEEK FLUSH 23 WEEKS REST1 WEEK FLUSH 3
17 WEEK USE OF SPACE
PARTITION STRUCTURES TO ACCOMMODATE FRUITING CYCLES
CONVERTING EXISTING - DETERMINE PERCENTAGE IN WEEKS FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
EX. SHIITAKE
6 WEEKS COLONIZATION/17 = 35%2 WEEKS BROWNING/17 = 12%3 WEEKS FLUSHES 1-3 /17= 18%6 WEEKS REST/17 = 35%
17 TOTAL WEEKS
PARTITION STRUCTURES TO ACCOMMODATE FRUITING CYCLES
CONVERTING EXISTING - DETERMINE PERCENTAGE IN WEEKS FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
EX. OYSTER
2 WEEKS COLONIZATION / 9 = 22.3%3 WEEKS FLUSHES / 9 = 33.3%4 WEEKS REST / 9 = 44.3%
9 TOTAL WEEKS
Fruiting Structures
• Controlled, clean environment• Gases, insects, and humidity control
Fruiting Structures
• Bigger not better – Think small/modular.
Modular systems have less contamination vectors, easier to maintain and isolate diseases. Large rooms are difficult to prevent cross contamination.
You can simply add more modules to increase production.
Humidity Tunnels
Unused Bunkers and Tunnels
ediblegeography.com
Optimizing Cap Cuticle Pigmentation by Temperature Reduction and Blue LED Lighting During Primordia Formation
LED Lighting
•Electrical Savings•Higher intensity with Lower Heat (sharper peak values)•Flexibility – thin and lightweight for modifying individual shelves•Single Wavelength Selectivity and Timing
Cap Cuticle Pigmentation and Optimizing Wavelength Parameters
Red, light emission 580-660 nm, maximum at 631 nm; yellow, light emission 550-630 nm, maximum at 597 nm; Blue, light emission 420-550 nm, maximum at 463 nm; Green, light emission 470-600 nm, maximum at 517 nm
Figure 1. Effect of UV irradiation sources on the efficacy of vitamin D2 synthesis in oyster mushrooms.
Wu W-J, Ahn B-Y (2014) Statistical Optimization of Ultraviolet Irradiate Conditions for Vitamin D2 Synthesis in Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) Using Response Surface Methodology. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95359. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095359http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095359
Harvesting and Storage
• Eliminate watering 4-6 hours before harvesting
• Pick when caps are tacky to dry• Store under 38-45F Refigeration• Store in lightly ventilated boxes, paper bags,
never sealed plastic or plastic bags• Species specific longevity
MARKETING
BIODEGRADABLE CONTAINER WITH RECIPE SUGGESTIONS
MARKETING•Know your products•Know the nutritional values of each species, incorporate into signs and handouts•Never falsify medicinal claims, only cite scientific journals, not websites, blogs, and neighbors•Be your local expert
Alternative Products
• Powders• Medicinal Extracts• Soaps, Lotions, Cosmetics• Mycobrewery• Dream up your own products!
DRIED MUSHROOMS
• Solar Drying – Gills up increases vitamin D• Not all species suitable! May reconstitute
chewy or leathery
Good: Oyster, Shiitake, Maitake, Lion’s ManeBad: Chanterelles
BUT, they can all be made into powder……..
Mushrooms and Vermicomposting
Octanol – “Mushroom Alcohol”
www.celebratebig.com
INTERACTIONS
KINGDOM
Almond PortabellaAgaricus blazei / Agaricus brasiliensis
Mushroom Pests and Diseases
• Insects – Fungus gnats, sciarid flies, beetles, mites
• Fungi – Molds, wilts• Bacteria – Brown Blotch, Orange Staining• Viruses• Rodents
Mushroom Pests and Diseases
• Insects – Fungus gnats, sciarid flies, beetles, mites
• Fungi – Molds, wilts• Bacteria – Brown Blotch, Orange Staining• Viruses• Rodents (Monsanto)
FUNGUS GNATS AND FRUIT FLIES
Bacillus thuringiensis sp israelensis
“Pleasing Beetle”Pseudischyrus spp.
thenaturalcapital.com
Bug Zappers
INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
Mycoparasite - Trichoderma green mold
Trichoderma spp Mold Contaminating Mushroom Casing Soil
WWW.MUSHROOMMOUNTAIN.COM
WWW.MUSHROOMMOUNTAIN.COM/HANDOUT
MORELSMorchella
The Morel Life Cycle(Volk and Leonard 1990, Volk and Leonard, 1989a)
Morel Micro-Sclerotia
NON-NUTRITIVE CASING
NUTRITIVE BOTTOM LAYER
SPAWN
NON-NUTRITIVE CASING
NUTRITIVE BOTTOM LAYER
SPAWN
MOREL SCLEROTIA
MOREL SCLEROTIA
http://www.mushroomexpert.com/images/kuo_05_11.jpg
Watkinsville, Georgia
Fruiting Temperature Window at 6” Deep (a.m. shaded reading)48.0 F ( 8.9C) – 57.0F (13.9C)
INITIATION
2012
FRUITING8.9 ⁰ C-13.9 ⁰ C
Watkinsville, Georgia
Fruiting Temperature Window at 6” Deep (a.m. shaded reading)48.0 ⁰F ( 8.9 ⁰ C) – 57.0 ⁰ F (13.9 ⁰ C)
FRUITING8.9 ⁰ C-13.9 ⁰ C
2012
Chill Hours HistoryEatonton, GA
Nov-1 Apr-3 Number of Hours2012 2013 N/A2011 2012 2602010 2011 6012009 2010 518
Temp <= 32 °F
Nov-1 Mar-3 Number of Hours2012 2013 2072011 2012 2532010 2011 5912009 2010 483
Temp <= 32 °F
WWW.MUSHROOMMOUNTAIN.COM/CFSA
WWW.MUSHROOMMOUNTAIN.COM/CFSA