Toward Civil War
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Transcript of Toward Civil War
TOWARD CIVIL WAR
1840-1861
Slavery and the West Essential Question:
Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism? Why or Why not?
American Diary On May 24, 1854, the people of Boston erupted in
outrage. Federal officers had seized Anthony Burns, a runaway enslaved African American who lived in Boston, to return him to slavery. Abolitionists tried to rescue Burns from the federal court house, and city leaders attempted to buy his freedom. All efforts failed. Federal troops escorted Burns to a ship that would carry him back to Virginia and into slavery. In a gesture of bitter protest, Bostonians draped buildings in black and hung the American flag upside down.
Missouri Applies for Statehood Missouri applied for statehood in 1819
11 states are free states11 states are slave statesAdmission of Missouri would upset
balance in the Senate Differing economic systems and
sectionalism create much tension between North and South
Missouri Compromise Admitted Missouri as slave state and
Maine as a free state Banned slavery in the Louisiana
Purchase north of the 36 30’N latitude ⁰line
Preserved balance between slave and free state in Senate
The Compromise of 1850 Addressed slavery in the territories
when Southerners threatened to secede from the UnionAdmitted California as a free stateStronger laws that required states to
return fugitive slavesNew territories would have no limits on
slaverySlave trade banned in Washington D.C.
Making Connections Answer the Essential Question: Did the
compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism? Why or why not?
Compromise of 1850North’s GainsSouth’s Gains
A Nation Dividing Essential Question:
How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?
The Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves
Many Northerners refused to cooperatePooled money to buy freedomNorthern juries refused to convict those in
violationUnderground Railroad
The Kansas-Nebraska Act Proposed that Kansas and Nebraska be admitted
to the Union Located North of the 36 30’N latitude, the Missouri ⁰
Compromise would deem them free statesSouth would not agree to thisNorth would then have more votes in the Senate
Kansas-Nebraska ActSenator Stephen A. Douglas proposed abandoning the
Missouri CompromiseSuggested popular sovereignty decide the issuePassed in 1854
Conflict In Kansas Pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups
rushed into Kansas Border Ruffians swayed the vote and
Kansas became a slave state Anti-slavery people refused to accept the
new slave lawsArmed themselves and held electionsAdopted constitution that banned slavery
January 1856 – rival governments existed in Kansas
Bleeding Kansas May 1856 – slavery supporters
attacked Lawrence, Kansas Abolitionist John Brown retaliated
Killed 5 supporters at Pottawatomie Creek
Armed bands soon roamed the territory
Making Connections 1. How did Northerners defy the Fugitive
Slave Act? 2. How would the issue of slavery be
decided under the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
3. Answer the Essential Question: How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?
Challenges to Slavery Essential Question:
What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?
Election of 1854 Antislavery Whigs and Democrats join the
Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party: “Free Soil, Free Speech,
Free Labor and Free Men”Whigs, antislavery Democrats and Free
Soilers form the new Republican party Congressional and state elections divide
the country politicallyNorth: RepublicansSouth: Democrats
The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott: enslaved African
American owned by a Missouri (slave state) army doctorFamily moved around a lot to areas
where slavery was prohibited Returned to Missouri and the Dr. died1846 – Scott sued for his freedom
The Court’s Decision Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was still an
enslaved personEnslaved people are not citizens and cannot bring
suitEnslaved people are property and property cannot be
taken away without due processRuled the Missouri Compromise and popular
sovereignty unconstitutional The decision meant that the Constitution protected
slaveryAnti-slavery groups were outraged and country
became even more divided
Congressional Election of 1858 Senate race between Democrat
Stephen A. Douglas and Republican Abraham LincolnDouglas: disliked slavery but believed in
popular sovereignty Lincoln: saw slavery as morally wrong
and it should not be allowed to spread
Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln challenged Douglas to a
series of 7 debates on the issue of slaveryDouglas wins the electionLincoln gains national reputation as a
man of clear thinking who could argue with force and persuasion
The Raid on Harpers Ferry Abolitionist John Brown led a raid on
Harpers Ferry, VATargeted an arsenal to arm enslaved
African Americans to start a rebellionRaid was defeated by local citizens and
federal troopsConvicted of treason and executedHis death rallied abolitionists and put the
nation on the brink of war
Making Connections 1. How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates
benefit Lincoln?
2. Answer the Essential Question: What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?
Secession and War Essential Question:
What led to the outbreak of the Civil War?
Secession Lincoln wins presidential Election of 1860
over Stephen A. Douglas South Carolina voted to secede from the
Union Compromise was attempted but no
agreement over slavery could be reachedBy 1861, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Florida and Georgia seceded and formed the Confederacy
The Confederacy Confederate states of America elected
Jefferson Davis president Southerners argued that the Union had
violated their states’ rights byRefusing to enforce the Fugitive Slave ActDenying Southern states equal rights in the
territories Many Southerners welcomed secession Many Northerners thought the Union should
be preserved
Confederate States of America
Lincoln Takes Office In his inaugural speech, Lincoln stated that
secession would not be permitted Warned the South against the
consequences of Civil War Asked the South to reconsider April 12, 1861: Confederate forces attacked
the Union held Fort Sumter and took the fortVirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and
Arkansas joined the ConfederacyCivil War had begun
Making Connections 1. What do you think Lincoln’s priorities
were when he took office?
2. What is the significance of the attack on Fort Sumter?
3. Answer the Essential Question: What led to the outbreak of the Civil War?